Transient information flow in a network of excitatory and inhibitory
... world. The visual scenes one sees in everyday life are extremely rich and change rapidly in time. In addition, the human eye performs more than three saccades every second causing sudden changes in the visual input [53]. Complex sounds, such as speech or music vary continuously in time and frequency ...
... world. The visual scenes one sees in everyday life are extremely rich and change rapidly in time. In addition, the human eye performs more than three saccades every second causing sudden changes in the visual input [53]. Complex sounds, such as speech or music vary continuously in time and frequency ...
The role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in Alzheimer`s disease
... their specific localization may affect intracellular signaling in each neuron and eventually determine not only the fate of those cells but the function of the central nervous system in specific pathological and physiological conditions. Selective degeneration of populations of vulnerable neurons in ...
... their specific localization may affect intracellular signaling in each neuron and eventually determine not only the fate of those cells but the function of the central nervous system in specific pathological and physiological conditions. Selective degeneration of populations of vulnerable neurons in ...
Neurons
... specialized for transmitting information or messages in the form of electrical impulses. Each neuron is a single cell, consisting of a cell body (or soma), an axon, and dendrites. Figure 2.1 illustrates these structures; Concept Chart 2.1 summarizes their functions. The soma is the main body of the ...
... specialized for transmitting information or messages in the form of electrical impulses. Each neuron is a single cell, consisting of a cell body (or soma), an axon, and dendrites. Figure 2.1 illustrates these structures; Concept Chart 2.1 summarizes their functions. The soma is the main body of the ...
Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience
... alterations in the code. The many different modifications of the genome in the many diverging lines of descent over billions of years have led to the great diversity of life that we see today. Our current classification scheme is based on our understanding of phylogenetic (ancestor-descendant) relat ...
... alterations in the code. The many different modifications of the genome in the many diverging lines of descent over billions of years have led to the great diversity of life that we see today. Our current classification scheme is based on our understanding of phylogenetic (ancestor-descendant) relat ...
In VivoCalcium Imaging Reveals Functional Rewiring of Single
... Functional mapping and microstimulation studies suggest that recovery after stroke damage can be attributed to surviving brain regions taking on the functional roles of lost tissues. Although this model is well supported by data, it is not clear how activity in single neurons is altered in relation ...
... Functional mapping and microstimulation studies suggest that recovery after stroke damage can be attributed to surviving brain regions taking on the functional roles of lost tissues. Although this model is well supported by data, it is not clear how activity in single neurons is altered in relation ...
Processes Changes in Acetylcholine Extracellular Levels
... the first exposure to it causes pronounced behavioral activation (Aloisi et al. 1997; Ceccarelli et al. 1999), which provides one of the most elementary forms of learning. Rats placed in novel environments, either an arena with objects or a Y maze, showed a 150%–200% increase in ACh release from the ...
... the first exposure to it causes pronounced behavioral activation (Aloisi et al. 1997; Ceccarelli et al. 1999), which provides one of the most elementary forms of learning. Rats placed in novel environments, either an arena with objects or a Y maze, showed a 150%–200% increase in ACh release from the ...
Document
... here, the same background is always used, and it is always in the same position, with stimuli moved to different positions on it. The nine stimulus locations are arranged in a square grid across the background, where the grid spacings are 32 pixels horizontally or vertically. Before images are prese ...
... here, the same background is always used, and it is always in the same position, with stimuli moved to different positions on it. The nine stimulus locations are arranged in a square grid across the background, where the grid spacings are 32 pixels horizontally or vertically. Before images are prese ...
An Introduction to the ANS and Higher
... • Swollen segment packed with neurotransmitter vesicles • Pass along or near surface of effector cells • No specialized postsynaptic membranes © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Swollen segment packed with neurotransmitter vesicles • Pass along or near surface of effector cells • No specialized postsynaptic membranes © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Age-related Increase in Astrocytes in the Visual Area V2 of the Cat
... old (12–13 years old) cats. An immunohistochemical method was applied to demonstrate glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive astrocytes. Under the microscope, the densities of the astrocytes and the diameters of the somata were calculated, and the processes of the astrocytes were also ...
... old (12–13 years old) cats. An immunohistochemical method was applied to demonstrate glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive astrocytes. Under the microscope, the densities of the astrocytes and the diameters of the somata were calculated, and the processes of the astrocytes were also ...
input output - Brian Nils Lundstrom
... observations have shown that the firing rate responses of some neurons are very sensitive to input fluctuations, while responses of others are not [18, 21]. Interestingly, we found that commonly used neuron models (single-compartment, biophysical models) do not replicate this diversity with their st ...
... observations have shown that the firing rate responses of some neurons are very sensitive to input fluctuations, while responses of others are not [18, 21]. Interestingly, we found that commonly used neuron models (single-compartment, biophysical models) do not replicate this diversity with their st ...
Amelioration of Delayed Neuronal Death in the Hippocampus by
... and 2, eventhoughthe cell somawas still present.After 1 week,all the pyramidal cellstogetherwith dendrites disappeared without NGF treatment. Treatment with NGF preventedthe early destructionof dendritic structures. ...
... and 2, eventhoughthe cell somawas still present.After 1 week,all the pyramidal cellstogetherwith dendrites disappeared without NGF treatment. Treatment with NGF preventedthe early destructionof dendritic structures. ...
Dorsal Column Nuclei Neurons Recorded in a Brain Stem–Spinal
... Watkins 1973). In addition, glutamate immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in identified primary afferent terminals in the cuneate nucleus (De Biasi et al. 1994), while AMPA receptors are expressed by all neurons in the DCN (Propratiloff et al. 1997). However, the exact nature of the fast response ...
... Watkins 1973). In addition, glutamate immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in identified primary afferent terminals in the cuneate nucleus (De Biasi et al. 1994), while AMPA receptors are expressed by all neurons in the DCN (Propratiloff et al. 1997). However, the exact nature of the fast response ...
Neuroscience and Behavior
... What makes a Neuron “fire”? An action potential is an all-or-nothing event; the neuron fires completely or doesn’t fire at all and each time it fires, the impulse is of the same strength. This is known as the all-or-none principle. To help illustrate this point, think of a row of dominoes that are ...
... What makes a Neuron “fire”? An action potential is an all-or-nothing event; the neuron fires completely or doesn’t fire at all and each time it fires, the impulse is of the same strength. This is known as the all-or-none principle. To help illustrate this point, think of a row of dominoes that are ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... endowed with a Mexican-hat architecture (Amari 1977; BenYishai et al. 1995), with local excitation between pyramidal cells with similar spatial preference and broad synaptic inhibition from c-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) cells. When the strength of recurrent excitatory synapses is sufficiently ...
... endowed with a Mexican-hat architecture (Amari 1977; BenYishai et al. 1995), with local excitation between pyramidal cells with similar spatial preference and broad synaptic inhibition from c-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) cells. When the strength of recurrent excitatory synapses is sufficiently ...
Microcircuits in visual cortex Kevan AC Martin
... preferences change rapidly. Such images have been the inspiration for models of cortical wiring, where the goal is to discover whether the maps are in some way optimal solutions to the constraint of reducing wiring length [5,6•]. The significance of exploring this domain is that it places important ...
... preferences change rapidly. Such images have been the inspiration for models of cortical wiring, where the goal is to discover whether the maps are in some way optimal solutions to the constraint of reducing wiring length [5,6•]. The significance of exploring this domain is that it places important ...
Dexterous Finger Movements in Primate Without Monosynaptic
... 3142–3147, 2004. First published June 2, 2004; 10.1152/jn.00342.2004. It is generally accepted that the precision grip and independent finger movements (IFMs) in monkey and man are controlled by the direct (monosynaptic) corticomotoneuronal (CM) pathway. This view is based on previous observations t ...
... 3142–3147, 2004. First published June 2, 2004; 10.1152/jn.00342.2004. It is generally accepted that the precision grip and independent finger movements (IFMs) in monkey and man are controlled by the direct (monosynaptic) corticomotoneuronal (CM) pathway. This view is based on previous observations t ...
Polarization-sensitive and light-sensitive neurons in two parallel
... neurons were identified as LoTu1 based on characteristic combinations of low background activity and activation by all e-vector angles. The arborizations of the recorded cell types in the AOTu were restricted either to the upper or the lower subunit but never extended into both units. All neurons re ...
... neurons were identified as LoTu1 based on characteristic combinations of low background activity and activation by all e-vector angles. The arborizations of the recorded cell types in the AOTu were restricted either to the upper or the lower subunit but never extended into both units. All neurons re ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... evoked spike frequency, indicative for a dierential neural representation of associative and non-associative events at the MB level. The precise mechanisms that underlie modulations of odor-evoked activity in MB neurons are still unknown. Modulatory input from the VUMmx1 neuron, which mediates the ...
... evoked spike frequency, indicative for a dierential neural representation of associative and non-associative events at the MB level. The precise mechanisms that underlie modulations of odor-evoked activity in MB neurons are still unknown. Modulatory input from the VUMmx1 neuron, which mediates the ...
292(1):94-106
... structure is intimately connected to normal brain function, as abnormalities in brain structure during development are correlated with a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders (Kurokawa et al., 2000; Gilmore et al., 2001; Hardan et al., 2001; Rehn and Rees, 2005; Nopoulos et al., 2007). Brain mo ...
... structure is intimately connected to normal brain function, as abnormalities in brain structure during development are correlated with a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders (Kurokawa et al., 2000; Gilmore et al., 2001; Hardan et al., 2001; Rehn and Rees, 2005; Nopoulos et al., 2007). Brain mo ...
Harding, G. W. and A. L. Towe. 1995. Neuron Response to Direct
... Evidently, not all neurons that respond to skin stimulation also respond to stimulation of the cortical surface: those m neurons which receive an inhibitory influence from local s neurons, as estimated from their modulation ratios, do not respond to such stimulation. Some s neurons also fail to resp ...
... Evidently, not all neurons that respond to skin stimulation also respond to stimulation of the cortical surface: those m neurons which receive an inhibitory influence from local s neurons, as estimated from their modulation ratios, do not respond to such stimulation. Some s neurons also fail to resp ...
Stimulation-Induced Functional Decoupling (SIFD)
... suppresses STN activity, dramatically improves tremor (BUT is not reversible!) ...
... suppresses STN activity, dramatically improves tremor (BUT is not reversible!) ...
Brain oscillations in perception and memory
... The synchronous occurrence of such responses in multiple brain areas hints at the existence of distributed oscillatory systems and parallel processing in the brain. Such diffuse networks would facilitate the information transfer in the brain according to the general theory of resonance phenomena. Th ...
... The synchronous occurrence of such responses in multiple brain areas hints at the existence of distributed oscillatory systems and parallel processing in the brain. Such diffuse networks would facilitate the information transfer in the brain according to the general theory of resonance phenomena. Th ...
Paper: Neural substrates for expectation
... • The amygdala is an important site of neural plasticity, where associative memories are stored during fear conditioning. • Storage of fear memories requires Hebbian long-term potentiation at conditioned stimulus input synapses onto neurons in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. ...
... • The amygdala is an important site of neural plasticity, where associative memories are stored during fear conditioning. • Storage of fear memories requires Hebbian long-term potentiation at conditioned stimulus input synapses onto neurons in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. ...
Acetylcholine - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... the existing pharmacologic characterization of nicotinic-receptor subtypes (Fig. 1.2). Future experiments using mice ...
... the existing pharmacologic characterization of nicotinic-receptor subtypes (Fig. 1.2). Future experiments using mice ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... called dendrites that receive chemical signals. Receptor proteins on the cell membranes of dendrites can attach to chemical signal molecules. Also attached to the cell body is a long conducting branch called an axon. The axon conducts electrical signals called impulses over long distances. Th ...
... called dendrites that receive chemical signals. Receptor proteins on the cell membranes of dendrites can attach to chemical signal molecules. Also attached to the cell body is a long conducting branch called an axon. The axon conducts electrical signals called impulses over long distances. Th ...