Accurate reconstruction of neuronal morphology
... sections from the entire slice. Overall, however, the author does not recommend resectioning slices, because as a result parts of the stained neuron may be lost and the cell likely will extend through several sections. This may cause serious problems when tracing the morphology of the neuron due to ...
... sections from the entire slice. Overall, however, the author does not recommend resectioning slices, because as a result parts of the stained neuron may be lost and the cell likely will extend through several sections. This may cause serious problems when tracing the morphology of the neuron due to ...
PSNS 2nd Lecture 1433 - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
... Release of ACh is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and occurs when an action potential reaches the terminal and triggers sufficient influx of Ca2+ ions The increased Ca2+ concentration "destabilizes" the storage vesicles by interacting with special proteins associated with the vesicular membrane ...
... Release of ACh is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and occurs when an action potential reaches the terminal and triggers sufficient influx of Ca2+ ions The increased Ca2+ concentration "destabilizes" the storage vesicles by interacting with special proteins associated with the vesicular membrane ...
Zinc Alters Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotoxicity on Cortical Neurons
... NMDA receptorswhile increasingthe activation of quisqualate receptors. If indeed Zn is coreleasedwith synaptically releasedglutamate, it might not only modify the postsynaptic effects of glutamate during the brief exposuresassociatedwith normal synaptic transmission, but it could also importantly mo ...
... NMDA receptorswhile increasingthe activation of quisqualate receptors. If indeed Zn is coreleasedwith synaptically releasedglutamate, it might not only modify the postsynaptic effects of glutamate during the brief exposuresassociatedwith normal synaptic transmission, but it could also importantly mo ...
Brain Receptor Imaging - Society of Nuclear Medicine
... membranes that, after interaction with specific ligands (first messenger transmitters), trigger a signal causing defined responses mediated by secondary messengers (G-protein– coupled receptors) or ion channels (ligand-gated ion channels) (1). Receptors can be characterized by their affinity and den ...
... membranes that, after interaction with specific ligands (first messenger transmitters), trigger a signal causing defined responses mediated by secondary messengers (G-protein– coupled receptors) or ion channels (ligand-gated ion channels) (1). Receptors can be characterized by their affinity and den ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... pondence. Projections of the lateral geniculate body to the occipital cortex were also shown by Clark (I932) and Waller (I934). Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organiz ...
... pondence. Projections of the lateral geniculate body to the occipital cortex were also shown by Clark (I932) and Waller (I934). Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organiz ...
The evolution of brains from early mammals to humans
... mammals could have long gestation periods for brain development, they thereby escaped this restriction. Overall, the comparative evidence indicates that early mammals had on the order of 15–20 cortical areas (see Figure 1) that were specialized for different functions, and therefore anatomically and ...
... mammals could have long gestation periods for brain development, they thereby escaped this restriction. Overall, the comparative evidence indicates that early mammals had on the order of 15–20 cortical areas (see Figure 1) that were specialized for different functions, and therefore anatomically and ...
Responses to Rare Visual Target and Distractor Stimuli Using Event
... 1997; Knight and Nakada 1998). This suggests that some portion of the neural activity evoked by these stimuli is not observed using fMRI. In a previous study (Clark et al. 1998), we introduced a method for performing event-related fMRI using multiple regression, which has shown greater sensitivity t ...
... 1997; Knight and Nakada 1998). This suggests that some portion of the neural activity evoked by these stimuli is not observed using fMRI. In a previous study (Clark et al. 1998), we introduced a method for performing event-related fMRI using multiple regression, which has shown greater sensitivity t ...
Olfaction in Invertebrates: Manduca. In: Squire LR (ed). Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, vol 7, pp 49-57. Oxford: Academic Press.
... Two main issues were addressed with the imaging technique: first, whether odor representation is conserved within the species, and second, whether the activity pattern elicited by an odor is sufficient to predict the odor stimulus. The combinatorial pattern of glomerular activity is indeed highly co ...
... Two main issues were addressed with the imaging technique: first, whether odor representation is conserved within the species, and second, whether the activity pattern elicited by an odor is sufficient to predict the odor stimulus. The combinatorial pattern of glomerular activity is indeed highly co ...
Exploration of Variability of Arkypallidal and Prototypical Projections
... Patients suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, autism, Parkinson’s disease and bipolar disorders, are today treated with psychotherapeutic drugs developed from findings brought to light before 1960 in conjunction with clinical observation. Researchers are curr ...
... Patients suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, autism, Parkinson’s disease and bipolar disorders, are today treated with psychotherapeutic drugs developed from findings brought to light before 1960 in conjunction with clinical observation. Researchers are curr ...
CYTOARCHITECTURE OF CEREBRAL CORTEX
... • Soma: shape; size; orientation; other • Dendrite: arborization polarity; branch metrics; fine structure; postsynaptic element; other • Axon: initial segment; arbor trajectory; terminal shape; branch metrics; boutons; synaptic targets; other • Connections: chemical and electrical; source; location ...
... • Soma: shape; size; orientation; other • Dendrite: arborization polarity; branch metrics; fine structure; postsynaptic element; other • Axon: initial segment; arbor trajectory; terminal shape; branch metrics; boutons; synaptic targets; other • Connections: chemical and electrical; source; location ...
A computational account for the ontogeny of mirror neurons via
... Keysers and Gazzola (2014) have proposed a model in which Hebbian learning could account for the emergence of mirror neurons. Whereas there are several brain regions that contain mirror neurons, they illustrate their idea with connections between the premotor cortex (PM), the inferior posterior pari ...
... Keysers and Gazzola (2014) have proposed a model in which Hebbian learning could account for the emergence of mirror neurons. Whereas there are several brain regions that contain mirror neurons, they illustrate their idea with connections between the premotor cortex (PM), the inferior posterior pari ...
Model of Cortical-Basal Ganglionic Processing: Encoding the Serial
... formed by neurons in area 46 of the PF that project in a reciprocal manner back to several thalamic nuclei including MD and VA (Jacobson et al. 1978; Siwek and Pandya 1991). It has been suggested that such a cortical-thalamic loop has the potential, given sufficient gain, for sustaining activations, ...
... formed by neurons in area 46 of the PF that project in a reciprocal manner back to several thalamic nuclei including MD and VA (Jacobson et al. 1978; Siwek and Pandya 1991). It has been suggested that such a cortical-thalamic loop has the potential, given sufficient gain, for sustaining activations, ...
Developmental mechanics of the primate cerebral cortex
... we illustrate the substantial impact of mechanical forces on the development, morphology, and functioning of the primate cerebral cortex. Based on the analysis of quantitative structural data for prefrontal cortices of the adult rhesus monkey, we demonstrate that (1) the characteristic shape of cort ...
... we illustrate the substantial impact of mechanical forces on the development, morphology, and functioning of the primate cerebral cortex. Based on the analysis of quantitative structural data for prefrontal cortices of the adult rhesus monkey, we demonstrate that (1) the characteristic shape of cort ...
computational and in vitro studies of persistent activity
... mutually connected with strength modulated according to the distance on that ring, such that excitatory cells are more strongly coupled when they lie close to each other. As time flows (x axis), neurons fire spontaneously (each dot corresponds to one spike) driven by external Poisson inputs (see Fig ...
... mutually connected with strength modulated according to the distance on that ring, such that excitatory cells are more strongly coupled when they lie close to each other. As time flows (x axis), neurons fire spontaneously (each dot corresponds to one spike) driven by external Poisson inputs (see Fig ...
the organization of the arthropod central nervous system
... has this advantage over the vertebrates, and still displays a comparable increase in complexity from one species to another. Ft seems appropriate, therefore. 10 sum up at this time the present state of our knowl- ...
... has this advantage over the vertebrates, and still displays a comparable increase in complexity from one species to another. Ft seems appropriate, therefore. 10 sum up at this time the present state of our knowl- ...
Neural Basis of Psychological Growth following Adverse
... correlates of PTG. We expected that accurate quantitative network prediction of PTG would be informed by functional alterations within a highly distributed network of regions that includes the prefrontal cortices, amygdala, and hippocampus. However, it may be difficult to measure a person’s psycholo ...
... correlates of PTG. We expected that accurate quantitative network prediction of PTG would be informed by functional alterations within a highly distributed network of regions that includes the prefrontal cortices, amygdala, and hippocampus. However, it may be difficult to measure a person’s psycholo ...
The Beautiful Brain - Weisman Art Museum
... Santiago Ramón y Cajal’s drawings of the brain are as aesthetically astonishing as they are scientifically important. The Beautiful Brain: The Drawings of Santiago Ramón y Cajal is the first museum exhibition to present and contextualize these amazing historical objects. Scientists the world over kn ...
... Santiago Ramón y Cajal’s drawings of the brain are as aesthetically astonishing as they are scientifically important. The Beautiful Brain: The Drawings of Santiago Ramón y Cajal is the first museum exhibition to present and contextualize these amazing historical objects. Scientists the world over kn ...
Structure–function relationship of working memory activity with
... 2006; He et al. 2007; Xu et al. 2009). With the exception of diffusion tractography, which attempts to infer actual macroscopic structural linkage, these studies define connectivity based on statistical dependence (correlation or coherence) across brain regions of the measured variable. Most studies ...
... 2006; He et al. 2007; Xu et al. 2009). With the exception of diffusion tractography, which attempts to infer actual macroscopic structural linkage, these studies define connectivity based on statistical dependence (correlation or coherence) across brain regions of the measured variable. Most studies ...
Decoding a Temporal Population Code
... The processing of sensory events by the brain requires the encoding of information in an internal state. This internal state can be represented by the brain using a spatial code, a temporal code, or a combination of both. For further processing, however, this encoded information requires decoding at ...
... The processing of sensory events by the brain requires the encoding of information in an internal state. This internal state can be represented by the brain using a spatial code, a temporal code, or a combination of both. For further processing, however, this encoded information requires decoding at ...
![Acetylcholine Acetylcholine IUPAC name[hide] 2-Acetoxy](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/001757659_1-dd3a11ed2d1408ee2f9aa2f256cd3204-300x300.png)
Acetylcholine Acetylcholine IUPAC name[hide] 2-Acetoxy
... Excitability and inhibition Acetylcholine also has other effects on neurons. One effect is to cause a slow depolarization[citation needed] by blocking a tonically-active K+ current, which increases neuronal excitability. Alternatively, acetylcholine can activate non-specific cation conductances to d ...
... Excitability and inhibition Acetylcholine also has other effects on neurons. One effect is to cause a slow depolarization[citation needed] by blocking a tonically-active K+ current, which increases neuronal excitability. Alternatively, acetylcholine can activate non-specific cation conductances to d ...
The Loss of Glutamate-GABA Harmony in Anxiety Disorders
... relatively good efficacy, a variety of adverse effects is also described. The most common are: ability to induce tolerance, sedation, myorelaxation, and dependence (Millan, 2003). Moreover, memory impartment and interaction with alcohol can occur. That is supposed to be connected with the activation ...
... relatively good efficacy, a variety of adverse effects is also described. The most common are: ability to induce tolerance, sedation, myorelaxation, and dependence (Millan, 2003). Moreover, memory impartment and interaction with alcohol can occur. That is supposed to be connected with the activation ...
Visual Experience Is Necessary for Maintenance But Not
... analyzed separately because they necessarily yield different estimates of RF size. (The difference arises because the threshold for defining the RF edge is set differently and stimulus features are different, but the 2 methods are internally consistent; Pallas and Finlay 1989). Stimuli were generate ...
... analyzed separately because they necessarily yield different estimates of RF size. (The difference arises because the threshold for defining the RF edge is set differently and stimulus features are different, but the 2 methods are internally consistent; Pallas and Finlay 1989). Stimuli were generate ...
Transformation from temporal to rate coding in a somatosensory
... other ®ndings10. However, steady-state latencies of the paralemniscal pathway increased with increasing stimulus frequency (Fig. 2, centre PSTHs and right insets; see also ref. 3). For both pathways, the magnitude of the steady-state responses (measured by the PSTH area, that is, spike counts per cy ...
... other ®ndings10. However, steady-state latencies of the paralemniscal pathway increased with increasing stimulus frequency (Fig. 2, centre PSTHs and right insets; see also ref. 3). For both pathways, the magnitude of the steady-state responses (measured by the PSTH area, that is, spike counts per cy ...
Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine and Dopamine
... – It is still not fully understood how memory formation occurs – However, research has shown that when a shortterm memory is converted into long-term storage in the hippocampus, neurons in the brain help to synthesize protein molecules and new connections between neurons are formed ...
... – It is still not fully understood how memory formation occurs – However, research has shown that when a shortterm memory is converted into long-term storage in the hippocampus, neurons in the brain help to synthesize protein molecules and new connections between neurons are formed ...
Attractor concretion as a mechanism for the formation of context
... number of trials, the CS-reinforcement contingencies were reversed and monkeys had to learn the new contingencies. In the experiments, the CS–US associations were reversed only once. However, in principle, the two contexts defined by the sets of CS–US associations could be alternated multiple times. ...
... number of trials, the CS-reinforcement contingencies were reversed and monkeys had to learn the new contingencies. In the experiments, the CS–US associations were reversed only once. However, in principle, the two contexts defined by the sets of CS–US associations could be alternated multiple times. ...