Central nervous system control of food intake and body
... The capacity to adjust food intake in response to changing energy requirements is essential for survival. Recent progress has provided an insight into the molecular, cellular and behavioural mechanisms that link changes of body fat stores to adaptive adjustments of feeding behaviour. The physiologic ...
... The capacity to adjust food intake in response to changing energy requirements is essential for survival. Recent progress has provided an insight into the molecular, cellular and behavioural mechanisms that link changes of body fat stores to adaptive adjustments of feeding behaviour. The physiologic ...
neural representation and the cortical code
... the input and the output—to the transformation between the two. Several threeway statistical measures of this type have been considered for this process, but there is currently no widely accepted method (RC deCharms, M deWeese & P Latham, personal communication). This statistical structure allows th ...
... the input and the output—to the transformation between the two. Several threeway statistical measures of this type have been considered for this process, but there is currently no widely accepted method (RC deCharms, M deWeese & P Latham, personal communication). This statistical structure allows th ...
Acetylcholinesterase in central vocal control nuclei of the zebra finch
... using enzyme histochemistry. AChE fibres and cells are intensely labelled in the forebrain nucleus area X, strongly labelled in high vocal centre (HVC) perikarya, and moderately to lightly labelled in the somata and neuropil of vocal control nuclei robust nucleus of arcopallium (RA), medial magnocel ...
... using enzyme histochemistry. AChE fibres and cells are intensely labelled in the forebrain nucleus area X, strongly labelled in high vocal centre (HVC) perikarya, and moderately to lightly labelled in the somata and neuropil of vocal control nuclei robust nucleus of arcopallium (RA), medial magnocel ...
(< 50 m) non-transfected neurons using laser scanning
... Simulations. We simulated diffusion along the dendrite using a Markov model (Figure S4BS4D) and a realistic compartmental model (Figure S4E and S4F). The state diagram of the Markov model is shown in Figure S4B. For realistic ranges of parameter values (see above) we find that esc modulates the ret ...
... Simulations. We simulated diffusion along the dendrite using a Markov model (Figure S4BS4D) and a realistic compartmental model (Figure S4E and S4F). The state diagram of the Markov model is shown in Figure S4B. For realistic ranges of parameter values (see above) we find that esc modulates the ret ...
Hypothesized Deficiency of Guanine
... purines are involved in synaptic transmission; for example, the exchange of GDP and GTP and the hydrolysis of GTP while bound to heterotrimeric G proteins anchored to the membrane are critical steps in the regulation of the initiation and duration of several second messenger cascades.26 Recent work ...
... purines are involved in synaptic transmission; for example, the exchange of GDP and GTP and the hydrolysis of GTP while bound to heterotrimeric G proteins anchored to the membrane are critical steps in the regulation of the initiation and duration of several second messenger cascades.26 Recent work ...
Predicting voluntary movements from motor cortical activity with
... overhead that annihilates a large portion of the conceptual benefit of coherently using a spiking representation in the BMI scenario. A more effective solution is provided by so-called neuromorphic hardware, which has been developed in recent years to overcome the computational penalty associated wi ...
... overhead that annihilates a large portion of the conceptual benefit of coherently using a spiking representation in the BMI scenario. A more effective solution is provided by so-called neuromorphic hardware, which has been developed in recent years to overcome the computational penalty associated wi ...
Mechanisms of memory storage in a model perirhinal network
... these neocortical inputs end at perirhinal sites rostrocaudally adjacent to their point of origin; only a minority of neocortical axons reach rostrocaudally distant perirhinal sites (Unal et al. 2012). In contrast, the principal perirhinal neurons targeted by neocortical inputs, while also forming l ...
... these neocortical inputs end at perirhinal sites rostrocaudally adjacent to their point of origin; only a minority of neocortical axons reach rostrocaudally distant perirhinal sites (Unal et al. 2012). In contrast, the principal perirhinal neurons targeted by neocortical inputs, while also forming l ...
Brain stem representation of thermal and psychogenic sweating in
... thermal sensitivity, increasing contact friction (grip), and reducing the risk of tissue damage (55). The main nonthermal drive to sweating in resting individuals is mental stress or arousal, referred to here as psychogenic sweating (32). Despite earlier doubts (39, 48), it now seems clear that chol ...
... thermal sensitivity, increasing contact friction (grip), and reducing the risk of tissue damage (55). The main nonthermal drive to sweating in resting individuals is mental stress or arousal, referred to here as psychogenic sweating (32). Despite earlier doubts (39, 48), it now seems clear that chol ...
Gut Microbiota: A Modulator of Brain Plasticity and Cognitive
... impact of a gut completely absent of microbiota on behaviour. The foetal gut is sterile in-utero and maintaining these animals in a sterile environment after birth means that post-natal gut colonization does not occur. It further allows for the comparison of findings against control animals with a “ ...
... impact of a gut completely absent of microbiota on behaviour. The foetal gut is sterile in-utero and maintaining these animals in a sterile environment after birth means that post-natal gut colonization does not occur. It further allows for the comparison of findings against control animals with a “ ...
SECTION A.1 – ELECTRICAL IMBALANCE IN AUTISM A. Evidence
... perceived by the nervous system as negative. This is part of how the human brain learns, through the pairing of electrical stimuli which cause the strengthening of synaptic connections, with glutamate being the neurotransmitter that mediates this process. There is significant evidence that autistic ...
... perceived by the nervous system as negative. This is part of how the human brain learns, through the pairing of electrical stimuli which cause the strengthening of synaptic connections, with glutamate being the neurotransmitter that mediates this process. There is significant evidence that autistic ...
Mushroom body efferent neurons responsible for aversive olfactory
... Different odors induce innate approach or avoidance behaviors in Drosophila. Innate odor responses can be modulated by experience, such as associative learning. After simultaneous exposure to an electric shock and an odorant, flies form aversive memory and show robust conditioned odor avoidance that ...
... Different odors induce innate approach or avoidance behaviors in Drosophila. Innate odor responses can be modulated by experience, such as associative learning. After simultaneous exposure to an electric shock and an odorant, flies form aversive memory and show robust conditioned odor avoidance that ...
pdf file. - Harvard Vision Lab
... Because the SC–MD–FEF pathway on each side of the brain represents only contraversive saccades10, a further prediction was that our unilateral inactivations would eliminate corollary discharge for contraversive saccades only. Therefore shifts accompanying contraversive saccades, but not ipsiversive ...
... Because the SC–MD–FEF pathway on each side of the brain represents only contraversive saccades10, a further prediction was that our unilateral inactivations would eliminate corollary discharge for contraversive saccades only. Therefore shifts accompanying contraversive saccades, but not ipsiversive ...
Responses of the Human Brain to Mild Dehydration and
... significantly correlated with serum osmolality. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study simultaneously evaluating changes in brain tissue fluid, metabolites, volume, and cortical thickness. Our results reflect cellular volume regulatory mechanisms at a macroscopic level and emphasize that it is essential t ...
... significantly correlated with serum osmolality. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study simultaneously evaluating changes in brain tissue fluid, metabolites, volume, and cortical thickness. Our results reflect cellular volume regulatory mechanisms at a macroscopic level and emphasize that it is essential t ...
Sleep Mar 19 2013x - Lakehead University
... In their presence, animals become entrained to the day/night rhythm and maintain an activity of exactly 24 hours In their absence, animals will settle into a rhythm of activity/rest within 24 hours (more or less)…these rhythms are free run Free running period of mice (23 hours), hamsters (24 hours), ...
... In their presence, animals become entrained to the day/night rhythm and maintain an activity of exactly 24 hours In their absence, animals will settle into a rhythm of activity/rest within 24 hours (more or less)…these rhythms are free run Free running period of mice (23 hours), hamsters (24 hours), ...
How humans distinguish between smells
... Breakthrough Description of Mechanism for Odor Discrimination In 1991, a groundbreaking paper was published by Richard Axel, a professor at Columbia University as well as an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Linda Buck who, at the time, was a post doctoral fellow in the Axel ...
... Breakthrough Description of Mechanism for Odor Discrimination In 1991, a groundbreaking paper was published by Richard Axel, a professor at Columbia University as well as an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Linda Buck who, at the time, was a post doctoral fellow in the Axel ...
Article - Dynamic Connectome Lab
... Many measurement techniques have been used to study neuronal dynamics, including optical imaging methods (voltage-sensitive dye imaging, calcium imaging, intrinsic signal optical imaging), intracellular electrode recordings of individual neurons, and extracellular recordings using single or multiple ...
... Many measurement techniques have been used to study neuronal dynamics, including optical imaging methods (voltage-sensitive dye imaging, calcium imaging, intrinsic signal optical imaging), intracellular electrode recordings of individual neurons, and extracellular recordings using single or multiple ...
Binding of aluminium ions by Staphylococcus
... problems by interac(on with biological systems. Cellular targets of these metals are mostly specific biochemical processes (enzymes) and/or membranes of cells and organelles. To prevent and/or reduce the untoward or irreversible toxic effects of the metals by using biomarkers are as important as to ...
... problems by interac(on with biological systems. Cellular targets of these metals are mostly specific biochemical processes (enzymes) and/or membranes of cells and organelles. To prevent and/or reduce the untoward or irreversible toxic effects of the metals by using biomarkers are as important as to ...
Action Potential Riddle Quiz
... 2nd: the listener had to process the information (understanding the context of the words) – role of the soma/cell body 3rd: the person had to send the message (speaking/ sending it to the next person) – role of the axon ...
... 2nd: the listener had to process the information (understanding the context of the words) – role of the soma/cell body 3rd: the person had to send the message (speaking/ sending it to the next person) – role of the axon ...
Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain
... to the cut. Paralysis in this case does not mean that the muscles cannot function but that they cannot be controlled by the brain. The spinal cord communicates with the body via the spinal nerves, which are part of the peripheral nervous system (discussed below). Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord t ...
... to the cut. Paralysis in this case does not mean that the muscles cannot function but that they cannot be controlled by the brain. The spinal cord communicates with the body via the spinal nerves, which are part of the peripheral nervous system (discussed below). Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord t ...
File
... In your research, you discover that the insecticide you used contains a permanent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle to contract. Acetylcholinesterase removes acetylcholine from the synapse after the signal is received. Exposure to hig ...
... In your research, you discover that the insecticide you used contains a permanent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle to contract. Acetylcholinesterase removes acetylcholine from the synapse after the signal is received. Exposure to hig ...
Structural brain MRI studies in eye diseases: are they clinically
... discussion, we will generalize our findings and give directions for future research. ...
... discussion, we will generalize our findings and give directions for future research. ...
Comparing neuronal and behavioral thresholds
... linear motion [4]. These neurons may play an important role in optic flow perception [5]. They can encode expanding and contracting spirals with similar accuracy as the animals [6]. It is, however, unclear whether this ability is restricted to coarse differences between these spiral types (Fig. 1), ...
... linear motion [4]. These neurons may play an important role in optic flow perception [5]. They can encode expanding and contracting spirals with similar accuracy as the animals [6]. It is, however, unclear whether this ability is restricted to coarse differences between these spiral types (Fig. 1), ...
File
... In your research, you discover that the insecticide you used contains a permanent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle to contract. Acetylcholinesterase removes acetylcholine from the synapse after the signal is received. Exposure to hig ...
... In your research, you discover that the insecticide you used contains a permanent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle to contract. Acetylcholinesterase removes acetylcholine from the synapse after the signal is received. Exposure to hig ...
The Action Potential, Synaptic Transmission, and Maintenance of
... processed and transmitted by a neuron depends on its location in the nervous system. For example, nerve cells associated with visual pathways convey information about the external environment, such as light and dark, to the brain; neurons associated with motor pathways convey information to control ...
... processed and transmitted by a neuron depends on its location in the nervous system. For example, nerve cells associated with visual pathways convey information about the external environment, such as light and dark, to the brain; neurons associated with motor pathways convey information to control ...
Quantified Distribution of the Noradrenaline Innervation in the
... blade, crest, and lateral blade), every lamina being sampled in each region. After a double correction for duration of radioautographic exposure and section thickness, and following measurement of varicosity diameter in electron microscope radioautographs, it was possible to express these results in ...
... blade, crest, and lateral blade), every lamina being sampled in each region. After a double correction for duration of radioautographic exposure and section thickness, and following measurement of varicosity diameter in electron microscope radioautographs, it was possible to express these results in ...