Cholinergic modulation of cognitive processing: insights drawn from computational models Kishan Gupta
... be dissociated by their binding affinity for muscarine and nicotine. At present, computational models of cholinergic function do not usually focus on dissociating the contribution of each of these receptor types. However, each has distinct properties that would have differential functional influence ...
... be dissociated by their binding affinity for muscarine and nicotine. At present, computational models of cholinergic function do not usually focus on dissociating the contribution of each of these receptor types. However, each has distinct properties that would have differential functional influence ...
Understanding mirror neurons - LIRA-Lab
... 3. A model of area F5 and the mirror system The results summarized in the previous sections tell us of the central role of F5 in the control and recognition of manipulative actions: the common interpretation proposed by (Luppino & Rizzolatti, 2000) and (Fagg & Arbib, 1998) considers F5 a part of a l ...
... 3. A model of area F5 and the mirror system The results summarized in the previous sections tell us of the central role of F5 in the control and recognition of manipulative actions: the common interpretation proposed by (Luppino & Rizzolatti, 2000) and (Fagg & Arbib, 1998) considers F5 a part of a l ...
full text pdf
... from the eye into the brain for information processing in the central nervous system (CNS). One of the first relay centers in this pathway is the dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (dLGN), a thalamic center in the diencephalon. Each dLGN hemisphere receives major input from the optic nerves and from ...
... from the eye into the brain for information processing in the central nervous system (CNS). One of the first relay centers in this pathway is the dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (dLGN), a thalamic center in the diencephalon. Each dLGN hemisphere receives major input from the optic nerves and from ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... pictures after 30 s, while fMRI images were obtained. The results showed an immediate (30 s) and long-lasting (3 day) decrease in neural activity in bilateral occipitotemporal cortex following both nameable and nonsense object repetition. In addition, decreases in left inferior frontal activity were ...
... pictures after 30 s, while fMRI images were obtained. The results showed an immediate (30 s) and long-lasting (3 day) decrease in neural activity in bilateral occipitotemporal cortex following both nameable and nonsense object repetition. In addition, decreases in left inferior frontal activity were ...
How do dendrites take their shape?
... course of much of the twentieth century, the prevailing belief that axons take the more active role in wiring the brain and in establishing synaptic specificity led researchers to focus on the development of axons more than that of the dendrites. In addition, the complexity and diversity of dendriti ...
... course of much of the twentieth century, the prevailing belief that axons take the more active role in wiring the brain and in establishing synaptic specificity led researchers to focus on the development of axons more than that of the dendrites. In addition, the complexity and diversity of dendriti ...
~ Pergamon
... Abstract--The prefrontal cortex of primates is an integrative centre for sensory, cognitive, mnemonic and emotional processes. The cellular features which contribute to the functional specialization of its subsectors are poorly understood. In this study we determined the distribution of nicotinamide ...
... Abstract--The prefrontal cortex of primates is an integrative centre for sensory, cognitive, mnemonic and emotional processes. The cellular features which contribute to the functional specialization of its subsectors are poorly understood. In this study we determined the distribution of nicotinamide ...
BETA ACTIVITY: A CARRIER FOR VISUAL ATTENTION
... bands of the EEG have been long studied in clinical research because of their putative functional importance. Old experimental results indicated that repetitive stimulation of the visual pathway evoked synchronous responses at the cortical level with gain depending on frequency: oscillations within ...
... bands of the EEG have been long studied in clinical research because of their putative functional importance. Old experimental results indicated that repetitive stimulation of the visual pathway evoked synchronous responses at the cortical level with gain depending on frequency: oscillations within ...
The role of temporal parameters in a thalamocortical model of analogy
... A more difficult issue is how filtering can be done, i.e., how can input-driven cortical activity be distinguished from cortex-driven cortical activity? As suggested in [27] and [28], the TRN is a promising location where such a filtering can occur. The basic idea is that the reticular neurons recei ...
... A more difficult issue is how filtering can be done, i.e., how can input-driven cortical activity be distinguished from cortex-driven cortical activity? As suggested in [27] and [28], the TRN is a promising location where such a filtering can occur. The basic idea is that the reticular neurons recei ...
Lecture 6 th week
... • It originates in the cerebral cortex and sends impulses to the nerves of the respiratory muscles via the corticospinal tracts. In addition, ingoing impulses from many parts of the body modify the activity of the respiratory centers and consequently alter the outgoing impulses to the respiratory mu ...
... • It originates in the cerebral cortex and sends impulses to the nerves of the respiratory muscles via the corticospinal tracts. In addition, ingoing impulses from many parts of the body modify the activity of the respiratory centers and consequently alter the outgoing impulses to the respiratory mu ...
- Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute
... Understanding how the cerebral cortex processes information is a major aim of neurobiology today, with important implications for disciplines ranging from psychiatry to the designing of living machines. Numerous investigative techniques at different levels are used to this end, including functional ...
... Understanding how the cerebral cortex processes information is a major aim of neurobiology today, with important implications for disciplines ranging from psychiatry to the designing of living machines. Numerous investigative techniques at different levels are used to this end, including functional ...
Article - Leslie Vosshall - The Rockefeller University
... neurons had such dense arborization within the V glomerulus that reconstructing and quantifying the branches proved to be technically impossible (data not shown). To examine whether CO2 exposure induces functional changes in either population of LNs, we used calcium imaging to measure CO2-evoked res ...
... neurons had such dense arborization within the V glomerulus that reconstructing and quantifying the branches proved to be technically impossible (data not shown). To examine whether CO2 exposure induces functional changes in either population of LNs, we used calcium imaging to measure CO2-evoked res ...
synaptic connections made by axons
... useful function (Mackel et al. 1983), presumably because many regrowing fibres reach inappropriate targets after extending along Bungner bands previously occupied by other axons (Horch and Burgess, 1980). Thus, while axonal extension is an unavoidable step in the repair process, it does not ensure t ...
... useful function (Mackel et al. 1983), presumably because many regrowing fibres reach inappropriate targets after extending along Bungner bands previously occupied by other axons (Horch and Burgess, 1980). Thus, while axonal extension is an unavoidable step in the repair process, it does not ensure t ...
Parallel basal ganglia circuits for voluntary and
... et al., 2012), and eating/drinking (Nakamura and Katakura, 1995). Triggered by particular sensory inputs or internal states, these mechanisms can work independently to generate adaptive movements (e.g. vestibuloocular reflex). However, the whole behaviour could become uncontrollable if these motor me ...
... et al., 2012), and eating/drinking (Nakamura and Katakura, 1995). Triggered by particular sensory inputs or internal states, these mechanisms can work independently to generate adaptive movements (e.g. vestibuloocular reflex). However, the whole behaviour could become uncontrollable if these motor me ...
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour
... condition differs from the other three conditions in terms of reaction time and errors. Therefore, we also performed a planned contrast, using the following contrast weights: +3 for contralateral-movement-to-dots and –1 for the three other conditions. This allowed us to test our hypothesis that brai ...
... condition differs from the other three conditions in terms of reaction time and errors. Therefore, we also performed a planned contrast, using the following contrast weights: +3 for contralateral-movement-to-dots and –1 for the three other conditions. This allowed us to test our hypothesis that brai ...
The Human Mirror Neuron System and Embodied
... created through visual observation as well as from the proprioceptive information received during action execution. Through association, the motor ‘‘image’’ was then invoked whenever we thought of a movement, or what he called ‘‘ideomotor action’’ (James, 1890). Greenwald (1970) extended these ideas ...
... created through visual observation as well as from the proprioceptive information received during action execution. Through association, the motor ‘‘image’’ was then invoked whenever we thought of a movement, or what he called ‘‘ideomotor action’’ (James, 1890). Greenwald (1970) extended these ideas ...
The Teen Brain on Marijuana
... Several of these studies followed individuals from childhood (ages 6 or younger), before marijuana use began, all the way into their late 20’s. So, they were able to determine whether symptoms of mental illness were present BEFORE marijuana use initiation, and perhaps contributed to individuals bec ...
... Several of these studies followed individuals from childhood (ages 6 or younger), before marijuana use began, all the way into their late 20’s. So, they were able to determine whether symptoms of mental illness were present BEFORE marijuana use initiation, and perhaps contributed to individuals bec ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... owl. We demonstrate a similar selective potentiation for the recurrent connections in a network with axonal delays corresponding to the period of incoming oscillatory activity with frequencies in the range of 100-300Hz. For lower frequency oscillations, such as gamma (60Hz), we show that multiple, r ...
... owl. We demonstrate a similar selective potentiation for the recurrent connections in a network with axonal delays corresponding to the period of incoming oscillatory activity with frequencies in the range of 100-300Hz. For lower frequency oscillations, such as gamma (60Hz), we show that multiple, r ...
Neuronal fiber tracts connecting the brain and ventral nerve cord of
... behaviors involving movement of the wings, legs, and abdomen) and subesophageal ganglion (CPGs controlling behaviors involving the mouth parts; Burrows, 1996; Heinrich, 2002). Given that many behaviors make use of the same muscles/ motor neurons (e.g., wing beating in flies is part of flight and matin ...
... behaviors involving movement of the wings, legs, and abdomen) and subesophageal ganglion (CPGs controlling behaviors involving the mouth parts; Burrows, 1996; Heinrich, 2002). Given that many behaviors make use of the same muscles/ motor neurons (e.g., wing beating in flies is part of flight and matin ...
What Can an Orbitofrontal Cortex- Endowed Animal
... [LO] areas).4 This latter group of structures (AIv, AIp, VLO, LO) receives direct projections from rodent piriform cortex and responds with short-latency action potentials to electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb.5 From electrophysiological recordings in rodents, it is evident that these same ...
... [LO] areas).4 This latter group of structures (AIv, AIp, VLO, LO) receives direct projections from rodent piriform cortex and responds with short-latency action potentials to electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb.5 From electrophysiological recordings in rodents, it is evident that these same ...
The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Rapid Processing of Monetary
... the response- or error-feedback information. ...
... the response- or error-feedback information. ...
Functional Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Aspects of Basal Ganglia
... Neuroimaging for Clinicians – Combining Research and Practice ...
... Neuroimaging for Clinicians – Combining Research and Practice ...
Interactions Between Premotor and Motor Cortices in Non
... based on the properties of particular cortical areas, but focused on the transmission of information between areas: They suggested that ‘‘the transformation of an object’s intrinsic properties into specific grips takes place in a circuit that is formed by the inferior parietal lobule and the inferio ...
... based on the properties of particular cortical areas, but focused on the transmission of information between areas: They suggested that ‘‘the transformation of an object’s intrinsic properties into specific grips takes place in a circuit that is formed by the inferior parietal lobule and the inferio ...
How microglia kill neurons
... microglia are unable to provide these protective functions. For example, microglia express and release IGF1 that supports neurons, and this expression is greatly reduced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), resulting in neuronal death if there are no other neurotrophins present (Chhor et al., 2013). This re ...
... microglia are unable to provide these protective functions. For example, microglia express and release IGF1 that supports neurons, and this expression is greatly reduced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), resulting in neuronal death if there are no other neurotrophins present (Chhor et al., 2013). This re ...
Energy balance
... • Adenosine builds up in the brain during wakefulness. – We have low levels just after sleeping. – We have high levels after being awake for a long time. ...
... • Adenosine builds up in the brain during wakefulness. – We have low levels just after sleeping. – We have high levels after being awake for a long time. ...
Leap 2 - Entire - Teacher Enrichment Initiatives
... receptor areas on the dendrite of the next neuron. The receptors are specialized, so they receive only their “own” neurotransmitter. As the neurotransmitter is received by the receptor, it triggers electrical impulses which travel through the neuron to the axon tip at the next synapse and the proces ...
... receptor areas on the dendrite of the next neuron. The receptors are specialized, so they receive only their “own” neurotransmitter. As the neurotransmitter is received by the receptor, it triggers electrical impulses which travel through the neuron to the axon tip at the next synapse and the proces ...