Thalamic Circuit Diversity: Modulation of the Driver/Modulator
... across sensory-related nuclei. Studies of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN; Szentagothai, 1963; Guillery, 1969; Pasik et al., 1973), ventrobasal nucleus (VB; Ralston and Herman, 1969), medial geniculate nucleus (MGN; Majorossy and Réthelyi, 1968), and pulvinar nucleus (Majorossy et al., 1 ...
... across sensory-related nuclei. Studies of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN; Szentagothai, 1963; Guillery, 1969; Pasik et al., 1973), ventrobasal nucleus (VB; Ralston and Herman, 1969), medial geniculate nucleus (MGN; Majorossy and Réthelyi, 1968), and pulvinar nucleus (Majorossy et al., 1 ...
The neurophysiological correlates of motor tics following focal
... motor tics confined to a single or a few muscles. The temporal and structural properties of the tics were identified using electromyogram and frame-by-frame analysis of multi-camera video recordings. During experimental sessions the tics would wax and wane, but their size and shape remained highly s ...
... motor tics confined to a single or a few muscles. The temporal and structural properties of the tics were identified using electromyogram and frame-by-frame analysis of multi-camera video recordings. During experimental sessions the tics would wax and wane, but their size and shape remained highly s ...
Associative learning signals in the brain
... is to review the associative learning signals that have been reported in the MTL across species including rabbits, rats, and primates. This review will show that similar patterns of associative learning signals have been reported across species, though the most thorough description to date has been ...
... is to review the associative learning signals that have been reported in the MTL across species including rabbits, rats, and primates. This review will show that similar patterns of associative learning signals have been reported across species, though the most thorough description to date has been ...
A tale of two stories: astrocyte regulation of
... astrocytes – the main type of glial cells in the hippocampus and the cortex [16-18] – together with the discovery of two-way astrocyte-neuron communication [19, 20], suggest an active role of these cells in modulation of synaptic transmission and information processing in the brain ...
... astrocytes – the main type of glial cells in the hippocampus and the cortex [16-18] – together with the discovery of two-way astrocyte-neuron communication [19, 20], suggest an active role of these cells in modulation of synaptic transmission and information processing in the brain ...
microcircuits in the striatum striatal cell types and their
... abundant of the striatal interneurons comprising 0.32% of the neurons in the rodent striatum (Kawaguchi et al., 1995; Rymar et al., 2004). The somata of these interneurons range from 20-50 µm in diameter. The neurons emit 2-4 large primary dendrites that give rise to higher order dendrites that span ...
... abundant of the striatal interneurons comprising 0.32% of the neurons in the rodent striatum (Kawaguchi et al., 1995; Rymar et al., 2004). The somata of these interneurons range from 20-50 µm in diameter. The neurons emit 2-4 large primary dendrites that give rise to higher order dendrites that span ...
Neurotransmitter Function
... Agonists and Antagonists GABA agonists (mimic GABA at receptor sites): • Muscimol – used to dilate pupils • Benzodiazepines – used to treat anxiety • Barbiturates – used as an anesthetic and to treat seizures in children under the age of 2 (controversy) • Steroids – particularly those used for an ...
... Agonists and Antagonists GABA agonists (mimic GABA at receptor sites): • Muscimol – used to dilate pupils • Benzodiazepines – used to treat anxiety • Barbiturates – used as an anesthetic and to treat seizures in children under the age of 2 (controversy) • Steroids – particularly those used for an ...
Nuclear receptor coactivators: Regulators of steroid action in brain
... It is thought that coactivators are modulators of cellular responsiveness to steroids. In support, SRC-1 knockout mice, while fertile, have decreased responsiveness in progestin target tissues (91) and partial resistance to thyroid hormone (92). It is important to note that in these mice SRC-2 is up ...
... It is thought that coactivators are modulators of cellular responsiveness to steroids. In support, SRC-1 knockout mice, while fertile, have decreased responsiveness in progestin target tissues (91) and partial resistance to thyroid hormone (92). It is important to note that in these mice SRC-2 is up ...
nervous system part 6 EEG, walkfulness and sleep
... Normal brain function involves continuous electrical activity Patterns of neuronal electrical activity recorded are called brain waves Brain waves change with age, sensory stimuli, brain disease, and the chemical state of the body An electroencephalogram (EEG) records this activity EEGs can be used ...
... Normal brain function involves continuous electrical activity Patterns of neuronal electrical activity recorded are called brain waves Brain waves change with age, sensory stimuli, brain disease, and the chemical state of the body An electroencephalogram (EEG) records this activity EEGs can be used ...
EEG - pressthebar
... Normal brain function involves continuous electrical activity Patterns of neuronal electrical activity recorded are called brain waves Brain waves change with age, sensory stimuli, brain disease, and the chemical state of the body An electroencephalogram (EEG) records this activity EEGs can be used ...
... Normal brain function involves continuous electrical activity Patterns of neuronal electrical activity recorded are called brain waves Brain waves change with age, sensory stimuli, brain disease, and the chemical state of the body An electroencephalogram (EEG) records this activity EEGs can be used ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿 - Shandong University
... Normal brain function involves continuous electrical activity Patterns of neuronal electrical activity recorded are called brain waves Brain waves change with age, sensory stimuli, brain disease, and the chemical state of the body An electroencephalogram (EEG) records this activity EEGs can be used ...
... Normal brain function involves continuous electrical activity Patterns of neuronal electrical activity recorded are called brain waves Brain waves change with age, sensory stimuli, brain disease, and the chemical state of the body An electroencephalogram (EEG) records this activity EEGs can be used ...
CEREBRAL CORTEX - Oxford Academic
... 1983). Most of the electrophysiological findings summarized by Lapidot point to a more rapid deterioration of the left hemisphere, whereas the results of cognitive studies are interpreted as evidence of right hemi-aging. However, a more recent series of information processing experiments indicates t ...
... 1983). Most of the electrophysiological findings summarized by Lapidot point to a more rapid deterioration of the left hemisphere, whereas the results of cognitive studies are interpreted as evidence of right hemi-aging. However, a more recent series of information processing experiments indicates t ...
The Superior Olivary Nucleus and Its Influence on Nucleus
... pipette after contact with the cell surface. The formation of GV seals and the subsequent rupturing of the underlying membrane were monitored in voltage-clamp mode by measuring the resistive current resulting from a high-frequency, 25 mV pulse command. Stable recordings could be maintained up to 2 h ...
... pipette after contact with the cell surface. The formation of GV seals and the subsequent rupturing of the underlying membrane were monitored in voltage-clamp mode by measuring the resistive current resulting from a high-frequency, 25 mV pulse command. Stable recordings could be maintained up to 2 h ...
Central neural control of the cardiovascular system
... Submitted 3 February 2016; accepted in final form 23 May 2016 ...
... Submitted 3 February 2016; accepted in final form 23 May 2016 ...
Cortical activation and synchronization during sentence
... participants. Our goal was to compare the activation, not simply in terms of which cortical areas became active, but also in terms of the distribution of the activation across some of the key Brain Vol. 127 No. 8 ...
... participants. Our goal was to compare the activation, not simply in terms of which cortical areas became active, but also in terms of the distribution of the activation across some of the key Brain Vol. 127 No. 8 ...
How Inhibition Shapes Cortical Activity
... 2007; Packer and Yuste, 2011; Silberberg and Markram, 2007; Stokes and Isaacson, 2010; Yoshimura and Callaway, 2005). Thus, not only are GABAergic interneurons excited in proportion to the level of local network activity, but they directly influence it through their inhibitory feedback. This simple ...
... 2007; Packer and Yuste, 2011; Silberberg and Markram, 2007; Stokes and Isaacson, 2010; Yoshimura and Callaway, 2005). Thus, not only are GABAergic interneurons excited in proportion to the level of local network activity, but they directly influence it through their inhibitory feedback. This simple ...
Long-term use of psychedelic drugs is associated with differences in
... J.C. Bouso et al. transcription factors associated with synaptic plasticity. These data suggest that psychedelics could potentially induce structural changes in brain tissue. Here we looked for differences in cortical thickness (CT) in regular users of psychedelics. We obtained magnetic resonance im ...
... J.C. Bouso et al. transcription factors associated with synaptic plasticity. These data suggest that psychedelics could potentially induce structural changes in brain tissue. Here we looked for differences in cortical thickness (CT) in regular users of psychedelics. We obtained magnetic resonance im ...
Preparation for action: one of the key functions of motor cortex.
... Human motor behavior is remarkably accurate and appropriate even though the properties of our own body as well as those of the objects with which we interact vary over time. To adjust appropriately, the motor system has to assess the context in which it acts, including the properties of objects in t ...
... Human motor behavior is remarkably accurate and appropriate even though the properties of our own body as well as those of the objects with which we interact vary over time. To adjust appropriately, the motor system has to assess the context in which it acts, including the properties of objects in t ...
mechanisms and biological role of thalamocortical oscillations
... TC neurons posses a large set of intrinsic currents that enable them to contribute to the various oscillatory activities and/or mediated some of them. The electrophysiological identification of a TC neuron is shown in Fig. 2. Usually, a small depolarization of TC neurons with intracellular DC curren ...
... TC neurons posses a large set of intrinsic currents that enable them to contribute to the various oscillatory activities and/or mediated some of them. The electrophysiological identification of a TC neuron is shown in Fig. 2. Usually, a small depolarization of TC neurons with intracellular DC curren ...
Auditory Brain Development in Children with Hearing Loss – Part Two
... plains why people who are born deaf without sufficient access The results of Dr. Kral’s studies (along with the research of to auditory stimuli develop exceptionally adept abilities in some others) suggest that when the brain does not have access to areas that involve other sensory functions (e.g., ...
... plains why people who are born deaf without sufficient access The results of Dr. Kral’s studies (along with the research of to auditory stimuli develop exceptionally adept abilities in some others) suggest that when the brain does not have access to areas that involve other sensory functions (e.g., ...
Redgrave - people.vcu.edu
... conditioned by association with primary rewards evoke a stereotypical sensory response from DA neurons in many species2,36–38. This response comprises a characteristic short-latency (70–100 ms), short-duration (< 200 ms) burst of activity2 (FIG. 1b). However, it is the capacity of phasic DA response ...
... conditioned by association with primary rewards evoke a stereotypical sensory response from DA neurons in many species2,36–38. This response comprises a characteristic short-latency (70–100 ms), short-duration (< 200 ms) burst of activity2 (FIG. 1b). However, it is the capacity of phasic DA response ...
Basal Ganglia and Associated Pathways
... from the striatum (striosome). Clinically, this pathway is most important for its role in Parkinson’s disease. Note: it is important to keep in mind the distinction between the substantia nigra pars compacta which produces dopamine and is a source of input information to the basal ganglia, and the s ...
... from the striatum (striosome). Clinically, this pathway is most important for its role in Parkinson’s disease. Note: it is important to keep in mind the distinction between the substantia nigra pars compacta which produces dopamine and is a source of input information to the basal ganglia, and the s ...
HTM Neuron paper 12-1
... detect when a particular pattern occurs in the 200K cells. If a section of the neuron’s dendrite forms new synapses to just 10 of the 2,000 active cells, and the threshold for generating an NMDA spike is 10, then the dendrite will detect the target pattern when all 10 synapses receive activation at ...
... detect when a particular pattern occurs in the 200K cells. If a section of the neuron’s dendrite forms new synapses to just 10 of the 2,000 active cells, and the threshold for generating an NMDA spike is 10, then the dendrite will detect the target pattern when all 10 synapses receive activation at ...
Visual Adaptation: Physiology, Mechanisms, and Functional Benefits
... altered by adaptation. Recent studies have shown that how tuning is altered depends on the cortical area investigated and on the adaptation paradigm used. Early studies showed that V1 responses to preferred stimuli are reduced after adaptation with preferred but not opposite (“null”) or orthogonal s ...
... altered by adaptation. Recent studies have shown that how tuning is altered depends on the cortical area investigated and on the adaptation paradigm used. Early studies showed that V1 responses to preferred stimuli are reduced after adaptation with preferred but not opposite (“null”) or orthogonal s ...
Progress Report – Glover
... With the anatomical mapping already in hand, it is feasible to begin asking questions about the genetic regulation of neuronal type specification. As a first step, it is important to determine which transcription factors are expressed in or near specific identified neurons. To this end, Søviknes has ...
... With the anatomical mapping already in hand, it is feasible to begin asking questions about the genetic regulation of neuronal type specification. As a first step, it is important to determine which transcription factors are expressed in or near specific identified neurons. To this end, Søviknes has ...
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... The cortical processing of sensory information is traditionally thought of as being performed in a feedforward manner. The information about actual stimuli propagates through a bottom-up pathway from lower to higher cortical areas (e.g., Oram and Perret, 1994). Although this paradigm has been remark ...
... The cortical processing of sensory information is traditionally thought of as being performed in a feedforward manner. The information about actual stimuli propagates through a bottom-up pathway from lower to higher cortical areas (e.g., Oram and Perret, 1994). Although this paradigm has been remark ...