Progress Report – Glover
... With the anatomical mapping already in hand, it is feasible to begin asking questions about the genetic regulation of neuronal type specification. As a first step, it is important to determine which transcription factors are expressed in or near specific identified neurons. To this end, Søviknes has ...
... With the anatomical mapping already in hand, it is feasible to begin asking questions about the genetic regulation of neuronal type specification. As a first step, it is important to determine which transcription factors are expressed in or near specific identified neurons. To this end, Søviknes has ...
Chapter 5 Learning to attend in primary visual cortex
... knowledge, it has not yet been investigated if and how neuronal responses in the visual cortex change as a result of learning within a single recording session. During a single learning session, neurons in frontal cortex change their responses (Chen and Wise 1996; Asaad et al 1998; Yotsumoto et al 2 ...
... knowledge, it has not yet been investigated if and how neuronal responses in the visual cortex change as a result of learning within a single recording session. During a single learning session, neurons in frontal cortex change their responses (Chen and Wise 1996; Asaad et al 1998; Yotsumoto et al 2 ...
The Rat Ventromedial Thalamic Nucleus and Motor Control: Role of
... substantia nigra. In addition, the superior colliculus, the mesencephalic reticular formation, and the reticular thalamic nucleus contribute to the afferent input to the VM (Beckstead et al., 1979; Carter and Fibiger, 1978; Haroian et al., 198 1; Herkenham, 1979; Jones, 1975). In contrast to the pri ...
... substantia nigra. In addition, the superior colliculus, the mesencephalic reticular formation, and the reticular thalamic nucleus contribute to the afferent input to the VM (Beckstead et al., 1979; Carter and Fibiger, 1978; Haroian et al., 198 1; Herkenham, 1979; Jones, 1975). In contrast to the pri ...
A Model of Prefrontal Cortical Mechanisms for Goal-directed Behavior Michael E. Hasselmo Abstract
... Separate input and output populations for reverse spread are required due to repeated use of actions in multiple contexts. The same action could result in different outcomes dependent upon the starting state. For example, a ‘‘go East’’ action could shift the state from West to Center, but also from ...
... Separate input and output populations for reverse spread are required due to repeated use of actions in multiple contexts. The same action could result in different outcomes dependent upon the starting state. For example, a ‘‘go East’’ action could shift the state from West to Center, but also from ...
Feedforward, horizontal, and feedback processing
... fields and higher spine densities in higher areas than in lower areas, supporting the idea that more complex processing is performed in the higher areas [8]. The parvocellular pathway, via layers 4Cβ, 4A, and 3B, converges onto layers 2/3a of V1, which also receives information from the magnocellula ...
... fields and higher spine densities in higher areas than in lower areas, supporting the idea that more complex processing is performed in the higher areas [8]. The parvocellular pathway, via layers 4Cβ, 4A, and 3B, converges onto layers 2/3a of V1, which also receives information from the magnocellula ...
Insights into decision making using choice probability
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
The Cl Area of the Brainstem in Tonic and Reflex
... Cl area are local neurons, some of which can be characterized immunocytochemically as containing yaminobutyric acid (GABA),16 or being cholinergic17 or enkephalinergic.18 Neuropepu'de Y is colocalized with PNMT in some Cl neurons," while substance P, also found in the region, is only colocalized wit ...
... Cl area are local neurons, some of which can be characterized immunocytochemically as containing yaminobutyric acid (GABA),16 or being cholinergic17 or enkephalinergic.18 Neuropepu'de Y is colocalized with PNMT in some Cl neurons," while substance P, also found in the region, is only colocalized wit ...
Supplemental Information for Free D
... specifically, we used a full factorial Analisys of Covariance (ANCOVA) including as factor the DDO genetic variants and as “nuisance” variables orthogonalized first- and second-order polynomials of age, gender and total GM volume. We included such variables in order to control for any independent ef ...
... specifically, we used a full factorial Analisys of Covariance (ANCOVA) including as factor the DDO genetic variants and as “nuisance” variables orthogonalized first- and second-order polynomials of age, gender and total GM volume. We included such variables in order to control for any independent ef ...
Electrical Activity of a Membrane Resting Potential
... • Voltage-Sensitive Ion Channels – Gated protein channel that opens or closes only at specific membrane voltages – Sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) – Closed at membrane’s resting potential – Na+ channels are more sensitive than K+ channels and therefore open sooner ...
... • Voltage-Sensitive Ion Channels – Gated protein channel that opens or closes only at specific membrane voltages – Sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) – Closed at membrane’s resting potential – Na+ channels are more sensitive than K+ channels and therefore open sooner ...
PDF
... several different target behaviors in 5 case studies with the use of TAGteach compared to the traditional operant strategies that were used in collecting baseline data. Rosenblum (2007) used TAG to teach typing to a 9-year-old male student with autism. The subject learned to type words via TAGteach ...
... several different target behaviors in 5 case studies with the use of TAGteach compared to the traditional operant strategies that were used in collecting baseline data. Rosenblum (2007) used TAG to teach typing to a 9-year-old male student with autism. The subject learned to type words via TAGteach ...
The emerging framework of mammalian auditory hindbrain
... summarize the progress made in four major fields: the dissection of the rhombomeric origins of auditory hindbrain nuclei; the molecular repertoire involved in circuit formation such as Hox transcription factors and the Eph-ephrin signaling system; the timeline of functional circuit assembly; and the ...
... summarize the progress made in four major fields: the dissection of the rhombomeric origins of auditory hindbrain nuclei; the molecular repertoire involved in circuit formation such as Hox transcription factors and the Eph-ephrin signaling system; the timeline of functional circuit assembly; and the ...
Corticofugal Modulation of Initial Sound
... In protocol one, the response latency, first-spike latency, and spike delivered at a rate of 1 per second. Tone-evoked action potentials numbers were calculated based on 1 min time window (six-tone stimuli). were commonly observed when the electrode tips were 2.5–3.6 mm The response latency of CN ne ...
... In protocol one, the response latency, first-spike latency, and spike delivered at a rate of 1 per second. Tone-evoked action potentials numbers were calculated based on 1 min time window (six-tone stimuli). were commonly observed when the electrode tips were 2.5–3.6 mm The response latency of CN ne ...
Motor Cortical Networks for Skilled Movements Have Reaching
... Spike trains from eight groups of simultaneously recorded cells (95 neurons in total) were acquired. A point process generalized linear model (GLM) was developed to assess simultaneously recorded cells for functional connectivity during reaching attempts where unforced errors or no errors were made. ...
... Spike trains from eight groups of simultaneously recorded cells (95 neurons in total) were acquired. A point process generalized linear model (GLM) was developed to assess simultaneously recorded cells for functional connectivity during reaching attempts where unforced errors or no errors were made. ...
Diversity and wiring variability of visual local neurons in the
... Modulated by amacrine cells ramifying horizontally within specific strata or vertically over several strata (MacNeil and Masland, 1998; MacNeil et al., 1999), complex visual signals become progressively more selectively tuned as they proceed through a series of synaptic sublamina (Sanes and Zipursky ...
... Modulated by amacrine cells ramifying horizontally within specific strata or vertically over several strata (MacNeil and Masland, 1998; MacNeil et al., 1999), complex visual signals become progressively more selectively tuned as they proceed through a series of synaptic sublamina (Sanes and Zipursky ...
The Dynamics of Functional Brain Networks
... updating and cognitive control, was associated with greatest integration. The other five tasks recruited levels of integration between these two extremes. Together, these results suggest that integration may be particularly important for more difficult tasks, perhaps involving cognitive control; how ...
... updating and cognitive control, was associated with greatest integration. The other five tasks recruited levels of integration between these two extremes. Together, these results suggest that integration may be particularly important for more difficult tasks, perhaps involving cognitive control; how ...
The Physiology of the Senses Lecture 6 Visually Guided Actions
... corollary discharge. This corollary discharge originates in the SC and is directed to the FEF (and to PF and PEF). The corollary discharge shifts the activity to the group of neurons that would have been activated if A and B were still visible. In the normal world in which visual targets are continu ...
... corollary discharge. This corollary discharge originates in the SC and is directed to the FEF (and to PF and PEF). The corollary discharge shifts the activity to the group of neurons that would have been activated if A and B were still visible. In the normal world in which visual targets are continu ...
Scents and Sensibility: A Molecular Logic of Olfactory Perception
... sixteen year old. When I was first passed the ball, he put his hands in front of my face, looked at me and asked, “What are you going to do, Einstein?” I did rather little. He scored 54 points and I scored two. He was the young Lew Alcindor, later known as Karim Abdul Jabar, who went on to be among ...
... sixteen year old. When I was first passed the ball, he put his hands in front of my face, looked at me and asked, “What are you going to do, Einstein?” I did rather little. He scored 54 points and I scored two. He was the young Lew Alcindor, later known as Karim Abdul Jabar, who went on to be among ...
The basis of the stress reaction
... established by prior learning, or deduced from circumstances, do not match the current or anticipated perceptions of the internal or external environment; this discrepancy between what is observed or sensed and what is expected or programmed elicits patterned, compensatory responses. In extreme unde ...
... established by prior learning, or deduced from circumstances, do not match the current or anticipated perceptions of the internal or external environment; this discrepancy between what is observed or sensed and what is expected or programmed elicits patterned, compensatory responses. In extreme unde ...
Neurochemical excitation of propriospinal neurons facilitates
... brief high-frequency trains of stimulation are also noted, as shown 6 times in A2. The high-frequency trains were applied in an attempt to induce rhythmic activity in preparations unresponsive to ongoing low-frequency stimulation. L, left; R, right, N-ACSF, normal artificial cerebrospinal fluid. ...
... brief high-frequency trains of stimulation are also noted, as shown 6 times in A2. The high-frequency trains were applied in an attempt to induce rhythmic activity in preparations unresponsive to ongoing low-frequency stimulation. L, left; R, right, N-ACSF, normal artificial cerebrospinal fluid. ...
Module 1 - Doral Academy Preparatory
... • researchers conclude that adult monkey and human brains are capable of growing relatively limited numbers of neurons throughout adulthood • Some new neurons play important role in continuing to learn and remember new things (hippocampus) ...
... • researchers conclude that adult monkey and human brains are capable of growing relatively limited numbers of neurons throughout adulthood • Some new neurons play important role in continuing to learn and remember new things (hippocampus) ...
From neuroanatomy to behavior: central integration of peripheral
... insulin secretion, slow gastric emptying and inhibit gastric acid secretion65. GLP-1 reduces food intake, increases satiety and promotes weight loss, possibly by modulating central circuits involved in the control of energy homeostasis66,68–70. Perhaps less surprisingly, GLP-1 receptors are distribu ...
... insulin secretion, slow gastric emptying and inhibit gastric acid secretion65. GLP-1 reduces food intake, increases satiety and promotes weight loss, possibly by modulating central circuits involved in the control of energy homeostasis66,68–70. Perhaps less surprisingly, GLP-1 receptors are distribu ...
Recounting the impact of Hubel and Wiesel
... It was against this background that the impact of Hubel and Wiesel’s first paper (1959) can be appreciated. Their introduction set the tone: ‘In the central nervous system the visual pathway from retina to striate cortex provides an opportunity to observe and compare single unit responses at several ...
... It was against this background that the impact of Hubel and Wiesel’s first paper (1959) can be appreciated. Their introduction set the tone: ‘In the central nervous system the visual pathway from retina to striate cortex provides an opportunity to observe and compare single unit responses at several ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... reactivation of the pattern of spikes through recurrent excitatory synaptic transmission. This depends on previous strengthening of excitatory recurrent connections resulting from spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity. When stimuli are familiar, the animal may draw on the memory maintained in e ...
... reactivation of the pattern of spikes through recurrent excitatory synaptic transmission. This depends on previous strengthening of excitatory recurrent connections resulting from spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity. When stimuli are familiar, the animal may draw on the memory maintained in e ...
The Development of Neural Synchrony and Large
... perception of squares and circles in children (10–12 y), young adults (20–26 y), and older adults (70–76 y). Evoked oscillations in children were significantly reduced between 30 and 148 Hz over occipital electrodes relative to adults and did not show a modulation by the size of the stimulus. Moreov ...
... perception of squares and circles in children (10–12 y), young adults (20–26 y), and older adults (70–76 y). Evoked oscillations in children were significantly reduced between 30 and 148 Hz over occipital electrodes relative to adults and did not show a modulation by the size of the stimulus. Moreov ...
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induces an increase in
... pons) and in brain regions receiving a cholinergic input (medulla oblongata, thalamus) from pontine cholinergic neurons (1,11). The lack of change in enzyme activity in the striatum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex suggests that the other cholinergic nuclei which innervate these brain regions (1,11) ...
... pons) and in brain regions receiving a cholinergic input (medulla oblongata, thalamus) from pontine cholinergic neurons (1,11). The lack of change in enzyme activity in the striatum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex suggests that the other cholinergic nuclei which innervate these brain regions (1,11) ...