Musings on the Wanderer: What`s New in Our Understanding of
... (46) examined the terminal fields formed by regenerating axons and endings. These investigators reported marked differences in the regenerative capacities of the afferent and efferent arms of the vagus under the same surgical and maintenance conditions. It was demonstrated that, in the rat, vagal af ...
... (46) examined the terminal fields formed by regenerating axons and endings. These investigators reported marked differences in the regenerative capacities of the afferent and efferent arms of the vagus under the same surgical and maintenance conditions. It was demonstrated that, in the rat, vagal af ...
Understanding mirror neurons: a bio-robotic
... mirror neuron system did not appear brand new in the brain but evolved from a preexisting structure devoted solely to the control of grasping actions. The reason for this claim are to be found in the large percentage of motor neurons in F5 (70%) compared to those that have also visual responses. Sec ...
... mirror neuron system did not appear brand new in the brain but evolved from a preexisting structure devoted solely to the control of grasping actions. The reason for this claim are to be found in the large percentage of motor neurons in F5 (70%) compared to those that have also visual responses. Sec ...
The neuronal structure of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the
... the dendrites of relay cells in the cat GLN. It is generally considered that interneurons (Golgi type II nerve cells) play an important role in inhibitory processes [1,17,21,26]. The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary thalamic relay, through which retinal signals pass to the cortex. Retinal a ...
... the dendrites of relay cells in the cat GLN. It is generally considered that interneurons (Golgi type II nerve cells) play an important role in inhibitory processes [1,17,21,26]. The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary thalamic relay, through which retinal signals pass to the cortex. Retinal a ...
Hierarchical organization of functional connectivity in the mouse brain
... This indicates that raising the threshold value leads to the sequential disconnection of individual nodes, which are removed one after the other. This supports the idea that the hierarchical structure observed for the brain connectivity network is genuine, as the stepwise behavior does not emerge in ...
... This indicates that raising the threshold value leads to the sequential disconnection of individual nodes, which are removed one after the other. This supports the idea that the hierarchical structure observed for the brain connectivity network is genuine, as the stepwise behavior does not emerge in ...
Neural Coding 2016
... bridging disciplines and introducing theoretical ideas and methods to neuroscience research. This concept of combining theoretical and experimental approaches has proven highly successful and nowadays plays a pivotal role in the modern neurosciences. Research in neural coding covers neural represent ...
... bridging disciplines and introducing theoretical ideas and methods to neuroscience research. This concept of combining theoretical and experimental approaches has proven highly successful and nowadays plays a pivotal role in the modern neurosciences. Research in neural coding covers neural represent ...
A PRIMER ON EEG AND RELATED MEASURES OF BRAIN ACTIVITY
... occur: Synaptic transmission, the gradual build-up of post-synaptic potentials, action potentials, and so on. These events take time, resulting in a delay between the brain activity and the behavioral act that is easily measured on a millisecond basis. The final record of behavioral activity reflect ...
... occur: Synaptic transmission, the gradual build-up of post-synaptic potentials, action potentials, and so on. These events take time, resulting in a delay between the brain activity and the behavioral act that is easily measured on a millisecond basis. The final record of behavioral activity reflect ...
Neurons
... Complex behaviors are organized by interconnected neural pathways in which several types of sensory input converge on a set of interneurons – By integrating the postsynaptic potentials from multiple sources, the interneurons “decide” what to do and stimulate motor neurons to direct the appropriate ...
... Complex behaviors are organized by interconnected neural pathways in which several types of sensory input converge on a set of interneurons – By integrating the postsynaptic potentials from multiple sources, the interneurons “decide” what to do and stimulate motor neurons to direct the appropriate ...
Saliency, switching, attention and control
... human brain, providing a link between stimulus-driven processing and brain regions involved in monitoring the internal milieu (Craig 2009). We suggest that in order to comprehend insula function it is important to not only understand cognitive and affective tasks which modulate activity in this regi ...
... human brain, providing a link between stimulus-driven processing and brain regions involved in monitoring the internal milieu (Craig 2009). We suggest that in order to comprehend insula function it is important to not only understand cognitive and affective tasks which modulate activity in this regi ...
Fast Propagation of Firing Rates through Layered Networks of Noisy
... A very different mode of propagation is revealed when a noisy background current is present. In Figure 1c, the same stimulus current is injected, but now firing rates are transmitted rapidly and approximately linearly. This mode exists provided that each neuron continuously receives an independent n ...
... A very different mode of propagation is revealed when a noisy background current is present. In Figure 1c, the same stimulus current is injected, but now firing rates are transmitted rapidly and approximately linearly. This mode exists provided that each neuron continuously receives an independent n ...
5104-c2
... • In the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian pacemaker, neurons show circadian variations in firing frequency. There is also considerable synchrony of spiking across SCN neurons on a scale of milliseconds, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. • Using paired whole-cell recordings ...
... • In the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian pacemaker, neurons show circadian variations in firing frequency. There is also considerable synchrony of spiking across SCN neurons on a scale of milliseconds, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. • Using paired whole-cell recordings ...
Differential Classical Conditioning of the Gill
... Copyright © 2007 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/07/273064-05$15.00/0 ...
... Copyright © 2007 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/07/273064-05$15.00/0 ...
fMRI can see M1, premotor activity Corresponding to Individual
... Unlike with animals, in humans, electrophysiology and other invasive measurement of brain activity can generally not be used to identify brain activity corresponding to activity of individual muscles. Further, it is believed that the spatial resolution of noninvasive brain imaging modalities is not ...
... Unlike with animals, in humans, electrophysiology and other invasive measurement of brain activity can generally not be used to identify brain activity corresponding to activity of individual muscles. Further, it is believed that the spatial resolution of noninvasive brain imaging modalities is not ...
Circuits in Psychopharmacology
... -l"!"euLQtransmitter pathways form the molecular and anatomical substrates that "tune" neurons with~rcuits. This happens not only at the cortical level but at the level of all the nodes within the network of the various cortical circuits. Psychopharmacologists can rationally target these pathways an ...
... -l"!"euLQtransmitter pathways form the molecular and anatomical substrates that "tune" neurons with~rcuits. This happens not only at the cortical level but at the level of all the nodes within the network of the various cortical circuits. Psychopharmacologists can rationally target these pathways an ...
doc midterm 1 chapter notes
... Unilateral Neglect: A syndrome in which people ignored objects located toward their left and the left sides of objects located anywhere; most often caused by damage to the right parietal lobe. ...
... Unilateral Neglect: A syndrome in which people ignored objects located toward their left and the left sides of objects located anywhere; most often caused by damage to the right parietal lobe. ...
Cell Density in the Border Zone Around Old Small Human Brain
... patient died after a brain stem infarct. The patients were selected among the total number of neuroautopsy cases performed at the Institute of Neuropathology of Rigshospitalet from 1979 to 1984. After immersion fixation in formalin for at least two weeks, the cerebral hemispheres were separated from ...
... patient died after a brain stem infarct. The patients were selected among the total number of neuroautopsy cases performed at the Institute of Neuropathology of Rigshospitalet from 1979 to 1984. After immersion fixation in formalin for at least two weeks, the cerebral hemispheres were separated from ...
PDF file
... ‘‘good’’? Note, such preferences are not fixed either. For example, a person may gradually dislike a sweet taste. The term ‘‘pain’’ is not necessarily ‘‘low level’’ either. For example, the loss of a family member is also called pain. The same is also true for sweet sensation. For example, home is ‘ ...
... ‘‘good’’? Note, such preferences are not fixed either. For example, a person may gradually dislike a sweet taste. The term ‘‘pain’’ is not necessarily ‘‘low level’’ either. For example, the loss of a family member is also called pain. The same is also true for sweet sensation. For example, home is ‘ ...
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... and caregivers with little knowledge about why the behaviors are happening, let alone how to treat them. But recent research suggests that an inactive mirror-neuron system may explain the deep troubles with language, learning and empathy that do so much to isolate the autistic person. The findings i ...
... and caregivers with little knowledge about why the behaviors are happening, let alone how to treat them. But recent research suggests that an inactive mirror-neuron system may explain the deep troubles with language, learning and empathy that do so much to isolate the autistic person. The findings i ...
The rhinal cortices: a wall of inhibition between the
... large amplitude biphasic IPSPs that curtail the monosynaptic EPSPs and prevent neuronal firing (Fig. 4A; Biella et al., 2001). In fact, neocortical as well as local area 36 stimuli seldom induced neuronal discharge in PRC cells. Neuronal firing could be induced by low-intensity local stimulation in ...
... large amplitude biphasic IPSPs that curtail the monosynaptic EPSPs and prevent neuronal firing (Fig. 4A; Biella et al., 2001). In fact, neocortical as well as local area 36 stimuli seldom induced neuronal discharge in PRC cells. Neuronal firing could be induced by low-intensity local stimulation in ...
The Nervous System
... from, and within the central nervous system. They are held in place by glia, or glial cells (from the Greek for “glue”), which make up 90 percent of the brain’s cells. For a long time, people thought that glial cells merely provided scaffolding for the more important and exciting neurons. We now kno ...
... from, and within the central nervous system. They are held in place by glia, or glial cells (from the Greek for “glue”), which make up 90 percent of the brain’s cells. For a long time, people thought that glial cells merely provided scaffolding for the more important and exciting neurons. We now kno ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Vestibular Pathways to the Extraocular
... of 1.3–1.7 ms in which equilibrium potentials were slightly more negative than resting potentials. The inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) reversed with large amplitudes after the injection of chloride ions suggesting a proximal soma-dendritic location of terminals exhibiting high efficacy in ...
... of 1.3–1.7 ms in which equilibrium potentials were slightly more negative than resting potentials. The inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) reversed with large amplitudes after the injection of chloride ions suggesting a proximal soma-dendritic location of terminals exhibiting high efficacy in ...
Linking Cognitive Neuroscience and Molecular Genetics: New Perspectives from Williams... Ursula Bellugi and Marie St. George (Eds.)
... mental activity activates or suppress these neural systems. This information, together with older information from the study of patients with neurological damage, have shown, for example, that the frontal lobes are involved in many aspects of working memory, and that the primary visual cortex partic ...
... mental activity activates or suppress these neural systems. This information, together with older information from the study of patients with neurological damage, have shown, for example, that the frontal lobes are involved in many aspects of working memory, and that the primary visual cortex partic ...
Evolution of Specialized Pyramidal Neurons in
... number of primary dendritic shafts that leave the soma asymmetrically at almost any point around its surface [Braak and Braak, 1976; Scheibel et al., 1977; Scheibel and Scheibel, 1978; Meyer, 1987]. Although these dendrites project into all cortical layers, most horizontal dendritic arbors occupy la ...
... number of primary dendritic shafts that leave the soma asymmetrically at almost any point around its surface [Braak and Braak, 1976; Scheibel et al., 1977; Scheibel and Scheibel, 1978; Meyer, 1987]. Although these dendrites project into all cortical layers, most horizontal dendritic arbors occupy la ...
Encoding of Rules by Neurons in the Human Dorsolateral Prefrontal
... humans is still poorly understood, in part because of the lack of availability of single-neuronal recordings. In addition, it is challenging to establish whether abstract rules are similarly represented in humans who often process sensory cues under complex analogical contexts that may not be easily ...
... humans is still poorly understood, in part because of the lack of availability of single-neuronal recordings. In addition, it is challenging to establish whether abstract rules are similarly represented in humans who often process sensory cues under complex analogical contexts that may not be easily ...
Basal ganglia contributions to motor control: a - Research
... to this problem has been to investigate how the BG circuit ‘transforms’ the information it receives from cortical and thalamic inputs. Ultimately, this amounts to determining the nature and timing of information encoded in the activity of BG output neurons. Current understanding regarding this point ...
... to this problem has been to investigate how the BG circuit ‘transforms’ the information it receives from cortical and thalamic inputs. Ultimately, this amounts to determining the nature and timing of information encoded in the activity of BG output neurons. Current understanding regarding this point ...
A Neural Circuit Basis for Spatial Working Memory
... memory-related persistent activity in a recurrent network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons during spatial working memory. This review summarizes recent results and discusses issues of current debate. It is argued that understanding collective neural dynamics in a recurrent microcircuit provides ...
... memory-related persistent activity in a recurrent network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons during spatial working memory. This review summarizes recent results and discusses issues of current debate. It is argued that understanding collective neural dynamics in a recurrent microcircuit provides ...