The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex
... mm2 that was predicted by Rockel et al. (10) from which a nominal value of 147,000/mm2 was corrected for 18% shrinkage in each of two dimensions (P ⫽ 0.1903, one sample t test). Because exclusion of Tupaia sp. from the analyses did not modify the results (data not shown), all comparisons henceforth ...
... mm2 that was predicted by Rockel et al. (10) from which a nominal value of 147,000/mm2 was corrected for 18% shrinkage in each of two dimensions (P ⫽ 0.1903, one sample t test). Because exclusion of Tupaia sp. from the analyses did not modify the results (data not shown), all comparisons henceforth ...
- Wiley Online Library
... in eye position. Our reason for doing so is that the amplitude/angle of eye movements expressed in degrees will depend on the distance as well as the angle between the infrared (IR) camera and the subject’s eyes, which in turn depends on the flexibility of the IR recording system mounted on-top of th ...
... in eye position. Our reason for doing so is that the amplitude/angle of eye movements expressed in degrees will depend on the distance as well as the angle between the infrared (IR) camera and the subject’s eyes, which in turn depends on the flexibility of the IR recording system mounted on-top of th ...
Serotonin 1B Receptor Modulates Frequency Response Curves and
... Neuromodulatory signals such as serotonin are broadly released in the brain in response to changes in internal state (Trulson and Jacobs 1979, 1981) but transform the response properties of sensory neurons in highly specific ways (Hurley et al. 2004; Mooney et al. 1996; Xiang and Prince 2003). This ...
... Neuromodulatory signals such as serotonin are broadly released in the brain in response to changes in internal state (Trulson and Jacobs 1979, 1981) but transform the response properties of sensory neurons in highly specific ways (Hurley et al. 2004; Mooney et al. 1996; Xiang and Prince 2003). This ...
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model
... spheres in two dimensions; compare [41]. We find that the spacing of this pattern is determined by the inhibitory smoothness, whereas the orientation and the phase of the grid depend in decreasing order on the random initialization of the input tuning, the trajectories and the initial synaptic weigh ...
... spheres in two dimensions; compare [41]. We find that the spacing of this pattern is determined by the inhibitory smoothness, whereas the orientation and the phase of the grid depend in decreasing order on the random initialization of the input tuning, the trajectories and the initial synaptic weigh ...
A Self-Organizing Neural Network for Contour Integration through Synchronized Firing
... Pettet, McKee, & Grzywacz, 1998; Geisler & Super, 2000) and computational models (Yen & Finkel, 1997; Li, 1998; Yen & Finkel, 1998; Geisler & Super, 2000) suggest that contour integration in the visual cortex may be due to interaction of neurons with similar orientation tuning. The models perform in ...
... Pettet, McKee, & Grzywacz, 1998; Geisler & Super, 2000) and computational models (Yen & Finkel, 1997; Li, 1998; Yen & Finkel, 1998; Geisler & Super, 2000) suggest that contour integration in the visual cortex may be due to interaction of neurons with similar orientation tuning. The models perform in ...
STATE-DEPENDENT OPIOID CONTROL OF PAIN
... neurons in several serially-connected relays within this circuit. These neurons modulate nociceptor-driven behaviours6–8 and the synaptic mechanisms by which opioids directly regulate their activity have been determined9–11. Furthermore, through the use of selective opioid receptor antagonists, usef ...
... neurons in several serially-connected relays within this circuit. These neurons modulate nociceptor-driven behaviours6–8 and the synaptic mechanisms by which opioids directly regulate their activity have been determined9–11. Furthermore, through the use of selective opioid receptor antagonists, usef ...
Current Challenges Facing the Translation of Brain
... communication of neural signals at the site of injury, leading to motor, sensory and autonomic deficits. For these types of injuries, there are no effective post-acute restorative treatments. Research in stem cell therapy to regenerate damaged neurons that could restore damaged pathways is currently ...
... communication of neural signals at the site of injury, leading to motor, sensory and autonomic deficits. For these types of injuries, there are no effective post-acute restorative treatments. Research in stem cell therapy to regenerate damaged neurons that could restore damaged pathways is currently ...
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... hyper-excitation of the circuit; inhibition is therefore required to modulate this excitation. Within all layers, excitatory and inhibitory neurons form recurrent connections. Between cortical layers, information flow has a strong directional tendency: from L4 up to L2/3 and then down to L5/6. There ...
... hyper-excitation of the circuit; inhibition is therefore required to modulate this excitation. Within all layers, excitatory and inhibitory neurons form recurrent connections. Between cortical layers, information flow has a strong directional tendency: from L4 up to L2/3 and then down to L5/6. There ...
A Brief History of the Reticular Formation
... triggering signal. Since the red nucleus receives most of its inputs from the cerebellum it very likely is responsible for modulating these body state signals. After all, the body must be in an upright posture before walking to begin or in a state which the cerebellum can transform to an upright pos ...
... triggering signal. Since the red nucleus receives most of its inputs from the cerebellum it very likely is responsible for modulating these body state signals. After all, the body must be in an upright posture before walking to begin or in a state which the cerebellum can transform to an upright pos ...
Learning-related postburst afterhyperpolarization reduction in CA1
... Transgenic mice with a constitutively active form of CREB have recently been shown to have CA1 pyramidal neurons with significantly reduced AHPs (28). Interestingly, EBC is also significantly impaired by disruption of the cAMP/PKA pathway in the cerebellum (29), a structure known to be critically in ...
... Transgenic mice with a constitutively active form of CREB have recently been shown to have CA1 pyramidal neurons with significantly reduced AHPs (28). Interestingly, EBC is also significantly impaired by disruption of the cAMP/PKA pathway in the cerebellum (29), a structure known to be critically in ...
Non-coding-regulatory regions of human brain genes delineated by
... hippocampus, and claustrum has also been detected during development [21]. In adult rodent brain, Maoa transcription is detected in neurons populating the cerebral cortices, the hippocampal formation (HPF), and the cerebellar granule cell layer [22]. Maoa knockout models implicate this gene as a reg ...
... hippocampus, and claustrum has also been detected during development [21]. In adult rodent brain, Maoa transcription is detected in neurons populating the cerebral cortices, the hippocampal formation (HPF), and the cerebellar granule cell layer [22]. Maoa knockout models implicate this gene as a reg ...
Are there differences between the secretion characteristics of NGF
... discordant results have been reported for high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF from virus-transduced primary cultures of hippocampal neurons and AtT-20 and PC12 cells (Goodman et al., 1996). These authors observed that the high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF was dependent on extracellular ...
... discordant results have been reported for high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF from virus-transduced primary cultures of hippocampal neurons and AtT-20 and PC12 cells (Goodman et al., 1996). These authors observed that the high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF was dependent on extracellular ...
REVIEWS - Institute for Applied Psychometrics
... Figure 3 | The pacemaker–accumulator model and dopaminergic and cholinergic synapses. a | Shows an information-processing (IP) model of time perception8 implementing the scalar expectancy theory43. In the model, a dopaminergic pacemaker sends ‘pulses’ to an accumulator during the training period, an ...
... Figure 3 | The pacemaker–accumulator model and dopaminergic and cholinergic synapses. a | Shows an information-processing (IP) model of time perception8 implementing the scalar expectancy theory43. In the model, a dopaminergic pacemaker sends ‘pulses’ to an accumulator during the training period, an ...
Technologies émergentes de mémoire résistive pour les systèmes
... such as large-scale data driven computing, robotics, intelligent autonomous systems to name a few, bio-inspired computing paradigms are being investigated as the next generation (post-Moore, non-Von Neumann) ultra-low power computing solutions. In this work we discuss the role that different emergin ...
... such as large-scale data driven computing, robotics, intelligent autonomous systems to name a few, bio-inspired computing paradigms are being investigated as the next generation (post-Moore, non-Von Neumann) ultra-low power computing solutions. In this work we discuss the role that different emergin ...
Dexamethasone Rapidly Increases GABA Release in the Dorsal
... Glucocorticoids influence vagal parasympathetic output to the viscera via mechanisms that include modulation of neural circuitry in the dorsal vagal complex, a principal autonomic regulatory center. Glucocorticoids can modulate synaptic neurotransmitter release elsewhere in the brain by inducing rel ...
... Glucocorticoids influence vagal parasympathetic output to the viscera via mechanisms that include modulation of neural circuitry in the dorsal vagal complex, a principal autonomic regulatory center. Glucocorticoids can modulate synaptic neurotransmitter release elsewhere in the brain by inducing rel ...
Anatomic Studies on the Superior Colliculus
... the increased pathway, since the regular uncrossed pathway is so small compared with the sprouted pathway and the amount of axonal branching required would be enormous. There is no indication of such an involved pattern of branching of degenerating axons, nor is there indication of a major spread of ...
... the increased pathway, since the regular uncrossed pathway is so small compared with the sprouted pathway and the amount of axonal branching required would be enormous. There is no indication of such an involved pattern of branching of degenerating axons, nor is there indication of a major spread of ...
Astrocyteneuron interaction in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal
... FIGURE 2: Comparison of the effects of ATP and Bz-ATP on neurons and astrocytes in the SG of the thoracolumbar spinal cord; effects of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid transmitters. Whole-cell patch clamp measurements were used. A: Concentration– response relationship for Bz-ATP (a) and ATP (b) ...
... FIGURE 2: Comparison of the effects of ATP and Bz-ATP on neurons and astrocytes in the SG of the thoracolumbar spinal cord; effects of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid transmitters. Whole-cell patch clamp measurements were used. A: Concentration– response relationship for Bz-ATP (a) and ATP (b) ...
A neurocomputational model of the mammalian fear
... detailed neurocomputational model. The fear system has been extensively studied; the key brain regions involved have been identified, and theories have been developed regarding their functions [37]. It is a particularly interesting case study because of how well linked it is to learning and memory; ...
... detailed neurocomputational model. The fear system has been extensively studied; the key brain regions involved have been identified, and theories have been developed regarding their functions [37]. It is a particularly interesting case study because of how well linked it is to learning and memory; ...
Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms
... • Cells in the pons send messages to the spinal cord which inhibit motor neurons that control the body’s large muscles. – Prevents motor movement during REM sleep. • REM is also regulated by serotonin and acetylcholine. – Drugs that stimulate Ach receptors quickly move people to REM. – Serotonin int ...
... • Cells in the pons send messages to the spinal cord which inhibit motor neurons that control the body’s large muscles. – Prevents motor movement during REM sleep. • REM is also regulated by serotonin and acetylcholine. – Drugs that stimulate Ach receptors quickly move people to REM. – Serotonin int ...
A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... neuron’s response latency. In other words: a response at time t = x ms was related to a stimulus direction at t = (x – latency) ms. Unless otherwise determined, this latency was set to a fixed value of t = 100 ms, i.e. the assumed average response latency for a sample of 305 neurons (210 and 95 direc ...
... neuron’s response latency. In other words: a response at time t = x ms was related to a stimulus direction at t = (x – latency) ms. Unless otherwise determined, this latency was set to a fixed value of t = 100 ms, i.e. the assumed average response latency for a sample of 305 neurons (210 and 95 direc ...
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
... cally disinhibiting the branches targeted by this pathway (Fig. 1c), i.e. by a disinhibition pattern ...
... cally disinhibiting the branches targeted by this pathway (Fig. 1c), i.e. by a disinhibition pattern ...
Modulation of Responses of Feline Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract
... was reduced to 8 –10 nA if the electrodes showed a tendency to block. During the recovery period, the drugcontaining electrode was either withdrawn or, if the cell was to be exposed to the same drug again after the recovery period, a retaining negative current of 20 – 40 nA was passed. From several ...
... was reduced to 8 –10 nA if the electrodes showed a tendency to block. During the recovery period, the drugcontaining electrode was either withdrawn or, if the cell was to be exposed to the same drug again after the recovery period, a retaining negative current of 20 – 40 nA was passed. From several ...