Prefrontal Neurons Coding Suppression of Specific Saccades
... tients with frontal lobe damage. Despite the clinical importance of suppression, most studies of the frontal lobe (e.g., Hasegawa et al., 1998, 2000a, 2004) in monkeys have dealt with the generation of movement rather than its suppression. The saccadic system provides an excellent model for the supp ...
... tients with frontal lobe damage. Despite the clinical importance of suppression, most studies of the frontal lobe (e.g., Hasegawa et al., 1998, 2000a, 2004) in monkeys have dealt with the generation of movement rather than its suppression. The saccadic system provides an excellent model for the supp ...
Disrupted small-world networks in schizophrenia
... suggested altered small-world properties in schizophrenia based on resting-state fMRI data. However, a key problem with that study is that only two networks (one for each group) were constructed; thus the results were descriptive and no statistical conclusion was able to be drawn. Micheloyannis et a ...
... suggested altered small-world properties in schizophrenia based on resting-state fMRI data. However, a key problem with that study is that only two networks (one for each group) were constructed; thus the results were descriptive and no statistical conclusion was able to be drawn. Micheloyannis et a ...
Visuospatial processing and the right
... bell ringing on [his] way into the lab.’’ The speaking left hemisphere, observing the response controlled by the mute right, interpreted the response in a context consistent with its knowledge. Since it had no knowledge of the picture of the bell tower it found a feasible reason to account for the s ...
... bell ringing on [his] way into the lab.’’ The speaking left hemisphere, observing the response controlled by the mute right, interpreted the response in a context consistent with its knowledge. Since it had no knowledge of the picture of the bell tower it found a feasible reason to account for the s ...
Neuronal Migration and Ventral Subtype Identity in the
... Little is known about the molecular mechanisms and intrinsic factors that are responsible for the emergence of neuronal subtype identity. Several transcription factors that are expressed mainly in precursors of the ventral telencephalon have been shown to control neuronal specification, but it has b ...
... Little is known about the molecular mechanisms and intrinsic factors that are responsible for the emergence of neuronal subtype identity. Several transcription factors that are expressed mainly in precursors of the ventral telencephalon have been shown to control neuronal specification, but it has b ...
Reinforcement learning, conditioning, and the brain
... consensus exists as to which is best from a computational perspective (Kaelbling et al., 1996). The brain may implement both approaches and trade off control between them (Daw, Niv, & Dayan, 2005, 2006), as discussed in more detail below. Value Functions The credit-assignment problem is a key proble ...
... consensus exists as to which is best from a computational perspective (Kaelbling et al., 1996). The brain may implement both approaches and trade off control between them (Daw, Niv, & Dayan, 2005, 2006), as discussed in more detail below. Value Functions The credit-assignment problem is a key proble ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... to a grating covering its classical receptive field was lower (Fig. 1A, right) than in the example recorded with V1 intact, but the degree of suppression caused by the presence of an annular grating beyond the classical receptive field was much less (Fig. 1B, right). The spontaneous activity (Fig. 1 ...
... to a grating covering its classical receptive field was lower (Fig. 1A, right) than in the example recorded with V1 intact, but the degree of suppression caused by the presence of an annular grating beyond the classical receptive field was much less (Fig. 1B, right). The spontaneous activity (Fig. 1 ...
Nicotinic Receptors in Addiction Pathways
... ganglionic nAChRs, which mediate fast synaptic transmission, central neuronal nAChRs frequently serve a modulatory role and signal at a distance from the site of transmitter release (Dani and Balfour, 2011). Nonetheless, nAChRs have critical physiologic roles in regulating neuronal signaling, partic ...
... ganglionic nAChRs, which mediate fast synaptic transmission, central neuronal nAChRs frequently serve a modulatory role and signal at a distance from the site of transmitter release (Dani and Balfour, 2011). Nonetheless, nAChRs have critical physiologic roles in regulating neuronal signaling, partic ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... and arcuate nuclei. The staining techniques have revealed NOS activity in the neuronal perikarya and processes, indicating that NO produced in the neuron may be released by the entire cell surface, including the neurosecretory terminals of the hypothalamic neurosecretory pathways [71]. Indeed, occur ...
... and arcuate nuclei. The staining techniques have revealed NOS activity in the neuronal perikarya and processes, indicating that NO produced in the neuron may be released by the entire cell surface, including the neurosecretory terminals of the hypothalamic neurosecretory pathways [71]. Indeed, occur ...
Lecture 8 - EdUHK Moodle
... 1. Medulla: first large swelling at the top of the spinal cord, forming the lowest part of the brain – responsible for life-sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing, and heart rate 2. Pons: larger swelling above the medulla that connects the top of the brain to the bottom – plays a part in ...
... 1. Medulla: first large swelling at the top of the spinal cord, forming the lowest part of the brain – responsible for life-sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing, and heart rate 2. Pons: larger swelling above the medulla that connects the top of the brain to the bottom – plays a part in ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... Positive neurons were densely filled, in Golgi-like detail, and therefore unambiguously classified as type 1 (Yan et al., 1996; Estrada and DeFelipe, 1998). No examples of type 2 neurons, defined as small, lightly stained neurons, were evident. Within the broad category of type 1, however, further subp ...
... Positive neurons were densely filled, in Golgi-like detail, and therefore unambiguously classified as type 1 (Yan et al., 1996; Estrada and DeFelipe, 1998). No examples of type 2 neurons, defined as small, lightly stained neurons, were evident. Within the broad category of type 1, however, further subp ...
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building re ...
... Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building re ...
Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
The W cell pathway to cat primary visual cortex
... JOHN C. ANDERSON, NUNO MAÇARICO DA COSTA,* AND KEVAN A.C. MARTIN Institute for Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich, and ETH Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland ...
... JOHN C. ANDERSON, NUNO MAÇARICO DA COSTA,* AND KEVAN A.C. MARTIN Institute for Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich, and ETH Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland ...
the primate amygdala and reinforcement: a
... responses of amygdaloid neurons depend on the reinforcing value of visual stimuli, Sanghera et al. (1979) found neurons in the dorsolateral amygdala that responded primarily to foods and to the reward-associated visual stimulus in a visual discrimination task, responses that could reflect learned as ...
... responses of amygdaloid neurons depend on the reinforcing value of visual stimuli, Sanghera et al. (1979) found neurons in the dorsolateral amygdala that responded primarily to foods and to the reward-associated visual stimulus in a visual discrimination task, responses that could reflect learned as ...
Neurobiology of injury to the developing brain.
... Hypoxic stress increased total 5HT and 5HT(2A) receptor number along with an upregulation of 5HT(2A) receptor and 5HT transporter gene in the cortex. The enhanced cortical 5HT(2A) receptors may act as a modulator of ventilatory response to hypoxia. These alterations were reversed to near control by ...
... Hypoxic stress increased total 5HT and 5HT(2A) receptor number along with an upregulation of 5HT(2A) receptor and 5HT transporter gene in the cortex. The enhanced cortical 5HT(2A) receptors may act as a modulator of ventilatory response to hypoxia. These alterations were reversed to near control by ...
Mirror neurons or emulator neurons?
... account (Fig. 1a) postulates a new entry point to the motor loop during action observation. This new entry point is the mirror system, which duplicates the motor command necessary for the observed action by 'direct matching', bypassing the normal route through the motor controller (the inverse model ...
... account (Fig. 1a) postulates a new entry point to the motor loop during action observation. This new entry point is the mirror system, which duplicates the motor command necessary for the observed action by 'direct matching', bypassing the normal route through the motor controller (the inverse model ...
Rapid Changes in Synaptic Vesicle Cytochemistry
... catecholamine is either NE or 5-hydroxydopamine. In some experiments, neurons are grown at low densities and shown to have cholinergic function by electrophysiological criteria. After incubation in NE, only 6% of the synaptic vesicles have dense cores. In contrast, similar neurons depolarized (80 mM ...
... catecholamine is either NE or 5-hydroxydopamine. In some experiments, neurons are grown at low densities and shown to have cholinergic function by electrophysiological criteria. After incubation in NE, only 6% of the synaptic vesicles have dense cores. In contrast, similar neurons depolarized (80 mM ...
Development of GAP-43 mRNA in the macaque cerebral cortex
... To estimate the extent of axonal growth in various areas of the cerebral cortex, we measured the amount of GAP-43 mRNA in the cerebral cortex of developing macaque monkeys. In four areas, i.e., the prefrontal area ŽFDD ., the temporal association area ŽTE., the primary somatosensory area ŽPC., and t ...
... To estimate the extent of axonal growth in various areas of the cerebral cortex, we measured the amount of GAP-43 mRNA in the cerebral cortex of developing macaque monkeys. In four areas, i.e., the prefrontal area ŽFDD ., the temporal association area ŽTE., the primary somatosensory area ŽPC., and t ...
Saccade-Related Spread of Activity Across
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
Structural Correlates of Efficient GABAergic Transmission in the
... coupling between the presynaptic and postsynaptic action potentials (Smith et al., 1998; Henze et al., 2002; Deschenes et al., 2003). The heterogeneity of GABAergic terminals is much less explored. The available three-dimensional (3D) data suggest that most GABAergic terminals establish contacts via ...
... coupling between the presynaptic and postsynaptic action potentials (Smith et al., 1998; Henze et al., 2002; Deschenes et al., 2003). The heterogeneity of GABAergic terminals is much less explored. The available three-dimensional (3D) data suggest that most GABAergic terminals establish contacts via ...
Saccade-Related Spread of Activity Across Superior Colliculus May
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
Roles of Multiple Globus Pallidus Territories of Monkeys and
... virus type 1(HSV-1) and the rabies virus (RV) has revealed connections across synapses (Kelly and Strick, 2000; Dum and Strick, 2013) because these viruses infect neurons and are then transported across synapses in a time-dependent manner. More specifically, the injection of neurotropic viruses into ...
... virus type 1(HSV-1) and the rabies virus (RV) has revealed connections across synapses (Kelly and Strick, 2000; Dum and Strick, 2013) because these viruses infect neurons and are then transported across synapses in a time-dependent manner. More specifically, the injection of neurotropic viruses into ...
32 MaxPlanckResearch 3 | 09 Small but mighty: In mice, around ten
... to be attractive. There is hardly anything more repellent to us than a bad smell. Biologists, physicians and psychologists are well aware of just how loaded natural smells are with information – for humans and, to an even greater extent, for other mammals. When a dog sniffs the urine of another memb ...
... to be attractive. There is hardly anything more repellent to us than a bad smell. Biologists, physicians and psychologists are well aware of just how loaded natural smells are with information – for humans and, to an even greater extent, for other mammals. When a dog sniffs the urine of another memb ...
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing
... Before reviewing neurophysiological data on action recognition and discussing related models, it is important to stress that actions made by other individuals fall into two main categories. One category is constituted by actions that are present in the motor repertoire of the observers, and the othe ...
... Before reviewing neurophysiological data on action recognition and discussing related models, it is important to stress that actions made by other individuals fall into two main categories. One category is constituted by actions that are present in the motor repertoire of the observers, and the othe ...
Evolution of the Size and Functional Areas of the Human Brain
... of empirical estimates of brain/body-scaling relationships, they are sensitive to the particular sample used to derive a and c parameters. Jerison (1973) originally estimated the scaling parameter a (i.e., slope) for mammals as ∼0.67, but Martin (1981) estimated it to be 0.76 using a larger sample. ...
... of empirical estimates of brain/body-scaling relationships, they are sensitive to the particular sample used to derive a and c parameters. Jerison (1973) originally estimated the scaling parameter a (i.e., slope) for mammals as ∼0.67, but Martin (1981) estimated it to be 0.76 using a larger sample. ...