Descending Pathways in Motor Control
... a pathway in a selective manner that allows additional insight into function. Unfortunately, a completed checklist of all these features is still not available for any of the major mammalian descending pathways. We now have advanced anatomical details for many of them, but the functional roles of ea ...
... a pathway in a selective manner that allows additional insight into function. Unfortunately, a completed checklist of all these features is still not available for any of the major mammalian descending pathways. We now have advanced anatomical details for many of them, but the functional roles of ea ...
Topical Review
... optic nerve.19 –22 In these sites, sprouting neurons activate specific molecular elements of a growth program to elaborate a growth cone, extend an axon and form new synapses. Nervous system injury also induces glial and meningeal growth-inhibitory proteins that block axonal sprouting.23 The unequiv ...
... optic nerve.19 –22 In these sites, sprouting neurons activate specific molecular elements of a growth program to elaborate a growth cone, extend an axon and form new synapses. Nervous system injury also induces glial and meningeal growth-inhibitory proteins that block axonal sprouting.23 The unequiv ...
Beyond the classical receptive field: The effect of contextual stimuli
... Long-range interaction and contextual neurons Our perception relies on the interaction between proximal and distant points in visual space, requiring short- and long-range neural connections among neurons responding to different regions within the retinotopic map. Evidently, the classical center-sur ...
... Long-range interaction and contextual neurons Our perception relies on the interaction between proximal and distant points in visual space, requiring short- and long-range neural connections among neurons responding to different regions within the retinotopic map. Evidently, the classical center-sur ...
Viewpoint - Columbia University
... that were recorded in LIP. There is no evidence for any such coupling. The RF’s of the recorded neurons were at a variety of locations within the visual field. In trials when the target appeared in the RF of a recorded neuron, large transient firing rates induced in other regions of LIP by distracto ...
... that were recorded in LIP. There is no evidence for any such coupling. The RF’s of the recorded neurons were at a variety of locations within the visual field. In trials when the target appeared in the RF of a recorded neuron, large transient firing rates induced in other regions of LIP by distracto ...
Emerging role of the brain in the homeostatic regulation of
... and susceptibility to diet-induced obesity.61,62 The adipose tissue-derived hormone leptin was discovered by positional cloning of the obesity locus (ob) in 1994.63 Leptin is now considered a representative adiposity signal.64 The receptors activated by leptin are highly expressed in several regions ...
... and susceptibility to diet-induced obesity.61,62 The adipose tissue-derived hormone leptin was discovered by positional cloning of the obesity locus (ob) in 1994.63 Leptin is now considered a representative adiposity signal.64 The receptors activated by leptin are highly expressed in several regions ...
Grasping the Intentions of Others with One`s Own Mirror Neuron
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...
Chapter 20
... autonomic motor pathway). 6. Structure of the Parasympathetic Division: (p. 641) i. Cell bodies of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in brain stem nuclei and the lateral gray horns of the second through fourth sacral segments of the spinal cord. ii. The cranial parasympathetic outflo ...
... autonomic motor pathway). 6. Structure of the Parasympathetic Division: (p. 641) i. Cell bodies of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in brain stem nuclei and the lateral gray horns of the second through fourth sacral segments of the spinal cord. ii. The cranial parasympathetic outflo ...
A comparison of the distribution and morphology of ChAT
... Renewed interest in the structure and function of the spinal cholinergic neuronal system has been increased in recent years by the study associated with impairment of cholinergic functions. Indeed, a reduced activity of cholinergic motoneurons (Oda, ...
... Renewed interest in the structure and function of the spinal cholinergic neuronal system has been increased in recent years by the study associated with impairment of cholinergic functions. Indeed, a reduced activity of cholinergic motoneurons (Oda, ...
Brain Oscillations Control Timing of Single
... Neurosciences, Semel Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, 4Division of Neurosurgery and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, ...
... Neurosciences, Semel Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, 4Division of Neurosurgery and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, ...
31 Relating the Activity of Sensory Neurons to Perception
... in a motion-direction discrimination task. To our knowledge, this is the only connection between sensory neurons and perception for which all of the questions below can be answered in the affirmative. In each section, we will describe the evidence linking MT with motion perception and also provide r ...
... in a motion-direction discrimination task. To our knowledge, this is the only connection between sensory neurons and perception for which all of the questions below can be answered in the affirmative. In each section, we will describe the evidence linking MT with motion perception and also provide r ...
Properties of Single Neurons Responsive to Light Mechanical
... rod, on the end of which was attached a piece of acetate plastic, 0.3 mm wide x 5.0 or 7.5 mm long, was used. These “edge” stimuli were applied normal to the skin surface, both parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of the digit on which the RF was located. Cylindrical stimuli were also applied ...
... rod, on the end of which was attached a piece of acetate plastic, 0.3 mm wide x 5.0 or 7.5 mm long, was used. These “edge” stimuli were applied normal to the skin surface, both parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of the digit on which the RF was located. Cylindrical stimuli were also applied ...
HB-GAM (pleiotrophin) reverses inhibition of neural
... that might modulate functions of the CNS matrix in the juvenile brain which displays high plasticity in comparison to the adult brain. HB-GAM/pleiotrophin was initially isolated as a heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting factor for central neurons8,9. Its expression peaks during the first 3–4 ...
... that might modulate functions of the CNS matrix in the juvenile brain which displays high plasticity in comparison to the adult brain. HB-GAM/pleiotrophin was initially isolated as a heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting factor for central neurons8,9. Its expression peaks during the first 3–4 ...
Subconscious Stimulus Recognition and Processing During
... attentional processes in order for sleep to prevail. A competition between sleep enhancing processes and mechanisms preserving attention to stimuli seems to exist during sleep. The conclusion of all these experiments is inevitable. Information from the external environment is processed throughout st ...
... attentional processes in order for sleep to prevail. A competition between sleep enhancing processes and mechanisms preserving attention to stimuli seems to exist during sleep. The conclusion of all these experiments is inevitable. Information from the external environment is processed throughout st ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... called dendrites that receive chemical signals. Receptor proteins on the cell membranes of dendrites can attach to chemical signal molecules. Also attached to the cell body is a long conducting branch called an axon. The axon conducts electrical signals called impulses over long distances. Th ...
... called dendrites that receive chemical signals. Receptor proteins on the cell membranes of dendrites can attach to chemical signal molecules. Also attached to the cell body is a long conducting branch called an axon. The axon conducts electrical signals called impulses over long distances. Th ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... called dendrites that receive chemical signals. Receptor proteins on the cell membranes of dendrites can attach to chemical signal molecules. Also attached to the cell body is a long conducting branch called an axon. The axon conducts electrical signals called impulses over long distances. Th ...
... called dendrites that receive chemical signals. Receptor proteins on the cell membranes of dendrites can attach to chemical signal molecules. Also attached to the cell body is a long conducting branch called an axon. The axon conducts electrical signals called impulses over long distances. Th ...
Kandel ch. 42 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... Removal of the cerebellum does not alter sensory thresholds or the strength of muscle contraction. Thus the cerebellum is not necessary to basic elements of perception or movement. Rather, damage to the cerebellum disrupts the spatial accuracy and temporal coordination of movement. It impairs balanc ...
... Removal of the cerebellum does not alter sensory thresholds or the strength of muscle contraction. Thus the cerebellum is not necessary to basic elements of perception or movement. Rather, damage to the cerebellum disrupts the spatial accuracy and temporal coordination of movement. It impairs balanc ...
Direction of action is represented in the ventral premotor cortex
... cortex7–9 and is the only premotor area interconnected with area 46 in prefrontal cortex10. Neurons in the PMv receive visual and somatosensory inputs11–15 and are active during the preparation for and execution of visually guided movements11,16–19. Lesions involving the PMv disrupt movements direct ...
... cortex7–9 and is the only premotor area interconnected with area 46 in prefrontal cortex10. Neurons in the PMv receive visual and somatosensory inputs11–15 and are active during the preparation for and execution of visually guided movements11,16–19. Lesions involving the PMv disrupt movements direct ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig. 5.15 (A) Estimate of mutual information between face stimuli and firing rate responses of C cells in the inferior-temporal cortex. The set of stimuli consisted 20 faces (stars). 8 faces (crosses), and 4 face(squares). (B) the information in the population of cells relative to the umber of stimu ...
... Fig. 5.15 (A) Estimate of mutual information between face stimuli and firing rate responses of C cells in the inferior-temporal cortex. The set of stimuli consisted 20 faces (stars). 8 faces (crosses), and 4 face(squares). (B) the information in the population of cells relative to the umber of stimu ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig. 5.15 (A) Estimate of mutual information between face stimuli and firing rate responses of C cells in the inferior-temporal cortex. The set of stimuli consisted 20 faces (stars). 8 faces (crosses), and 4 face(squares). (B) the information in the population of cells relative to the umber of stimu ...
... Fig. 5.15 (A) Estimate of mutual information between face stimuli and firing rate responses of C cells in the inferior-temporal cortex. The set of stimuli consisted 20 faces (stars). 8 faces (crosses), and 4 face(squares). (B) the information in the population of cells relative to the umber of stimu ...
Neurons in red nucleus and primary motor cortex exhibit similar
... stretch responses highlight that the long-latency response is modified by limb mechanics (Kurtzer et al., 2008, 2009, 2014), motor intention (Pruszynski et al., 2008; Dimitriou et al., 2012; Crevecoeur et al., 2013), motor learning (Cluff and Scott, 2013), and features of the goal and environment (N ...
... stretch responses highlight that the long-latency response is modified by limb mechanics (Kurtzer et al., 2008, 2009, 2014), motor intention (Pruszynski et al., 2008; Dimitriou et al., 2012; Crevecoeur et al., 2013), motor learning (Cluff and Scott, 2013), and features of the goal and environment (N ...
Study of the human hypoglossal nucleus: Normal development and
... histological examination of the autonomic nervous system was made, according to the protocol routinely followed by the ‘‘Lino Rossi Research Center for the study and prevention of the unexpected perinatal death and SIDS” of the Milan University [27,28]. In particular, after fixation in 10% phosphate- ...
... histological examination of the autonomic nervous system was made, according to the protocol routinely followed by the ‘‘Lino Rossi Research Center for the study and prevention of the unexpected perinatal death and SIDS” of the Milan University [27,28]. In particular, after fixation in 10% phosphate- ...
Endocannabinoids and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Parkinson`s
... Schyf 2013). Compounds acting on the eCB system may display such broadspectrum activity as they can influence different elements within the eCB signaling system, for example, the type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) cannabinoid receptor, or fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and these elements might fulfil ...
... Schyf 2013). Compounds acting on the eCB system may display such broadspectrum activity as they can influence different elements within the eCB signaling system, for example, the type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) cannabinoid receptor, or fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and these elements might fulfil ...
Serotonin release from the neuronal cell body and its long
... are that the latency from stimulation to the initiation of the large-scale exocytosis from any vesicle cluster depends on the distance and velocity of the vesicle transport; the dynamic interval of the fluorescence increase depends on the rate at which vesicles fuse with the membrane; and the platea ...
... are that the latency from stimulation to the initiation of the large-scale exocytosis from any vesicle cluster depends on the distance and velocity of the vesicle transport; the dynamic interval of the fluorescence increase depends on the rate at which vesicles fuse with the membrane; and the platea ...
The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex
... mm2 that was predicted by Rockel et al. (10) from which a nominal value of 147,000/mm2 was corrected for 18% shrinkage in each of two dimensions (P ⫽ 0.1903, one sample t test). Because exclusion of Tupaia sp. from the analyses did not modify the results (data not shown), all comparisons henceforth ...
... mm2 that was predicted by Rockel et al. (10) from which a nominal value of 147,000/mm2 was corrected for 18% shrinkage in each of two dimensions (P ⫽ 0.1903, one sample t test). Because exclusion of Tupaia sp. from the analyses did not modify the results (data not shown), all comparisons henceforth ...