A Fast, Reciprocal Pathway between the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
... can drive responses. In the cat, where LGN input to layer 6 may differ in density compared with the primate, physiological studies report that all layer 6 neurons, including corticogeniculate neurons, receive subthreshold geniculocortical input that rarely drives suprathreshold spikes (Ferster and L ...
... can drive responses. In the cat, where LGN input to layer 6 may differ in density compared with the primate, physiological studies report that all layer 6 neurons, including corticogeniculate neurons, receive subthreshold geniculocortical input that rarely drives suprathreshold spikes (Ferster and L ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... the unit changed its spiking activity from a rate of 1.7 spikes/s during the baseline period to 7.9 spikes/s (two-tailed t test, p < 10 -3). The neuron did not change its firing rate in response to other faces, or to other black and white drawings (we are not claiming that this is the only possible ...
... the unit changed its spiking activity from a rate of 1.7 spikes/s during the baseline period to 7.9 spikes/s (two-tailed t test, p < 10 -3). The neuron did not change its firing rate in response to other faces, or to other black and white drawings (we are not claiming that this is the only possible ...
Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and
... activity, and respiratory activity. Furthermore, c-Fos expression occurs only after sustained stimulation of neurons and so this method cannot be used to identify cell populations activated by brief alerting stimuli. Nevertheless, even though many questions remain unanswered, recent studies have pro ...
... activity, and respiratory activity. Furthermore, c-Fos expression occurs only after sustained stimulation of neurons and so this method cannot be used to identify cell populations activated by brief alerting stimuli. Nevertheless, even though many questions remain unanswered, recent studies have pro ...
Forebrain glutamatergic neurons mediate leptin action on
... antidepressants. Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, has antidepressant-like properties. However, the functional role of leptin receptor (Lepr) signaling in glutamatergic neurons remains to be elucidated. In this study, we generated conditional knockout mice in which the long form of Lepr was abla ...
... antidepressants. Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, has antidepressant-like properties. However, the functional role of leptin receptor (Lepr) signaling in glutamatergic neurons remains to be elucidated. In this study, we generated conditional knockout mice in which the long form of Lepr was abla ...
psychology 2
... • Parts of a Neuron – dendrites: branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons – soma: the cell body of the neuron, responsible for maintaining the life of the cell – axon: long, tube-like structure that carries the neural message to other cells ...
... • Parts of a Neuron – dendrites: branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons – soma: the cell body of the neuron, responsible for maintaining the life of the cell – axon: long, tube-like structure that carries the neural message to other cells ...
A táplálékfelvétel, a só- és vízháztartás neuroanatómiája
... - endogenous cannabinoid system may modulate the appetitive value of the food by affecting the activity of brain reward systems - high concentration of CB1 mRNA in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus - 2-AG is present in hypothalamic areas involved in feeding - CB1 receptor KO mice eat less and lo ...
... - endogenous cannabinoid system may modulate the appetitive value of the food by affecting the activity of brain reward systems - high concentration of CB1 mRNA in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus - 2-AG is present in hypothalamic areas involved in feeding - CB1 receptor KO mice eat less and lo ...
The Journal of Neuroscience http://jneurosci.msubmit.net Ana
... structural maintenance of neuronal dendritic arborizations and synaptic connectivity requires neurotrophic support, we investigated the potential role of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin enriched in the hippocampus and released from neurons in an activitydependent manner, as ...
... structural maintenance of neuronal dendritic arborizations and synaptic connectivity requires neurotrophic support, we investigated the potential role of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin enriched in the hippocampus and released from neurons in an activitydependent manner, as ...
On the relevance of time in neural computation and learning
... These data (and many other recordings) also show that typical =ring rates of biological neurons are relatively low – typically well below 100 Hz. They are especially low in higher cortical areas of more advanced species. On the other hand complex multi-layer biological neural systems with at least 1 ...
... These data (and many other recordings) also show that typical =ring rates of biological neurons are relatively low – typically well below 100 Hz. They are especially low in higher cortical areas of more advanced species. On the other hand complex multi-layer biological neural systems with at least 1 ...
Presence of vesicular glutamate transporter-2 in
... contain immunoreactivity for the GABAergic marker, VGAT. In contrast with GHRH neurons, nearly all of the cell bodies of hypophysiotropic SS neurons in the PVa and in the medial parvicellular subdivision of the PVH express VGLUT2 mRNA and their projections to the ME contain immunoreactivity for VGLU ...
... contain immunoreactivity for the GABAergic marker, VGAT. In contrast with GHRH neurons, nearly all of the cell bodies of hypophysiotropic SS neurons in the PVa and in the medial parvicellular subdivision of the PVH express VGLUT2 mRNA and their projections to the ME contain immunoreactivity for VGLU ...
D2 receptor overexpression in the striatum leads to a deficit in
... he original dopamine (DA) hypothesis of schizophrenia proposed that hyperactivity of dopaminergic transmission leads to the symptoms of schizophrenia. This hypothesis was supported by the observation that all antipsychotic drugs block D2 receptors (D2Rs) (1, 2). Imaging studies provided a direct evi ...
... he original dopamine (DA) hypothesis of schizophrenia proposed that hyperactivity of dopaminergic transmission leads to the symptoms of schizophrenia. This hypothesis was supported by the observation that all antipsychotic drugs block D2 receptors (D2Rs) (1, 2). Imaging studies provided a direct evi ...
13 Nervous System
... Types of Memory: Short-term memory and long-term memory are dependent upon the prefrontal area. Long-term memory includes semantic memory (numbers, words, etc.) and episodic memory (persons, events, etc.) Skill memory is involved in performing motor activities. Long-term Memory Storage and Retrieval ...
... Types of Memory: Short-term memory and long-term memory are dependent upon the prefrontal area. Long-term memory includes semantic memory (numbers, words, etc.) and episodic memory (persons, events, etc.) Skill memory is involved in performing motor activities. Long-term Memory Storage and Retrieval ...
Imaging Brain Slices
... (Kettunen et al., 2002). With this method, an apparently higher concentration of calcium indicators can be injected into neurons than using acetoxymethyl ester (AM) loading, and a large number of neurons can be visualized. Calistic also allows the simultaneous measurement of morphological and calciu ...
... (Kettunen et al., 2002). With this method, an apparently higher concentration of calcium indicators can be injected into neurons than using acetoxymethyl ester (AM) loading, and a large number of neurons can be visualized. Calistic also allows the simultaneous measurement of morphological and calciu ...
PART IV INTEGRATION AND COORDINATION IN HUMANS
... Types of Memory: Short-term memory and long-term memory are dependent upon the prefrontal area. Long-term memory includes semantic memory (numbers, words, etc.) and episodic memory (persons, events, etc.) Skill memory is involved in performing motor activities. Long-term Memory Storage and Retrieval ...
... Types of Memory: Short-term memory and long-term memory are dependent upon the prefrontal area. Long-term memory includes semantic memory (numbers, words, etc.) and episodic memory (persons, events, etc.) Skill memory is involved in performing motor activities. Long-term Memory Storage and Retrieval ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... are targets of monosynaptic input from layer 4, paired whole-cell voltage recordFigure 3. Latency of L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections. A, Reconstruction of the dendrites and axon of the presynaptic L4 ings were made in acute slices of P20 –P29 neuron (red, blue) and the dendrite of the postsynapti ...
... are targets of monosynaptic input from layer 4, paired whole-cell voltage recordFigure 3. Latency of L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections. A, Reconstruction of the dendrites and axon of the presynaptic L4 ings were made in acute slices of P20 –P29 neuron (red, blue) and the dendrite of the postsynapti ...
The Cholinergic Hypothesis of Age and Alzheimer`s Disease
... result, the authors suggested that: 1) it is unlikely that a cholinergic marker could be used as an early indicator of AD; 2) it is unlikely that a cholinergic deficit could be identified prior to the patient becoming symptomatic; and 3) only the patients with more severe disease should be a target ...
... result, the authors suggested that: 1) it is unlikely that a cholinergic marker could be used as an early indicator of AD; 2) it is unlikely that a cholinergic deficit could be identified prior to the patient becoming symptomatic; and 3) only the patients with more severe disease should be a target ...
Nonlinear brain dynamics as macroscopic manifestation of
... functions of organized nervous tissue. … Here is the dilemma. Nerve impulses are transmitted from cell to cell through definite intercellular connections. Yet all behavior seems to be determined by masses of excitation. ... What sort of nervous organization might be capable of responding to a patter ...
... functions of organized nervous tissue. … Here is the dilemma. Nerve impulses are transmitted from cell to cell through definite intercellular connections. Yet all behavior seems to be determined by masses of excitation. ... What sort of nervous organization might be capable of responding to a patter ...
Hypothalamic pathways linking energy balance and reproduction
... In both the AVPV and arcuate nucleus, KiSS-1 is regulated by sex steroids (83– 85). Estrogen and androgen receptors (ER␣ and AR, respectively) are found in a high percentage of KiSS-1-expressing neurons, and estradiol and testosterone increase KiSS-1 expression in the AVPV and decrease KiSS-1 expres ...
... In both the AVPV and arcuate nucleus, KiSS-1 is regulated by sex steroids (83– 85). Estrogen and androgen receptors (ER␣ and AR, respectively) are found in a high percentage of KiSS-1-expressing neurons, and estradiol and testosterone increase KiSS-1 expression in the AVPV and decrease KiSS-1 expres ...
View PDF
... Syndrome (CBS). It is important to note here that sometimes non-existent objects are reportedly visualized by subjects which are primarily due to residual information present in the visual cortex from past experiences [12]. Research into such observations has shown activations in V1 region of the br ...
... Syndrome (CBS). It is important to note here that sometimes non-existent objects are reportedly visualized by subjects which are primarily due to residual information present in the visual cortex from past experiences [12]. Research into such observations has shown activations in V1 region of the br ...
Oxytocin Influence on the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
... that the data from this study may have much broader behavioral implications, including alterations in affective and cognitive processes. Specifically, we will focus on converging evidence suggesting that oxytocin modulation of NTS function could influence the development of stress and anxiety-like b ...
... that the data from this study may have much broader behavioral implications, including alterations in affective and cognitive processes. Specifically, we will focus on converging evidence suggesting that oxytocin modulation of NTS function could influence the development of stress and anxiety-like b ...
Fractionation of social brain circuits in autism
... the average or above average range] individuals with an autism spectrum disorder without the presence of additional neurological conditions or known genetic disorders, then proponents of the ‘social brain’ should predict: (i) abnormal connectivity will preferentially involve social brain areas and ( ...
... the average or above average range] individuals with an autism spectrum disorder without the presence of additional neurological conditions or known genetic disorders, then proponents of the ‘social brain’ should predict: (i) abnormal connectivity will preferentially involve social brain areas and ( ...
Effects of acetylcholine on neuronal properties in entorhinal cortex James G. Heys
... 1978; Alonso and Köhler, 1984; Insausti et al., 1987). Although there are neurons in the MSDB that express a range of classical neurotransmitters and neurohormones, this review focuses on the population of putative cholinergic neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the separate popu ...
... 1978; Alonso and Köhler, 1984; Insausti et al., 1987). Although there are neurons in the MSDB that express a range of classical neurotransmitters and neurohormones, this review focuses on the population of putative cholinergic neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the separate popu ...
Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms
... • Cells in the pons send messages to the spinal cord which inhibit motor neurons that control the body’s large muscles. – Prevents motor movement during REM sleep. • REM is also regulated by serotonin and acetylcholine. – Drugs that stimulate Ach receptors quickly move people to REM. – Serotonin int ...
... • Cells in the pons send messages to the spinal cord which inhibit motor neurons that control the body’s large muscles. – Prevents motor movement during REM sleep. • REM is also regulated by serotonin and acetylcholine. – Drugs that stimulate Ach receptors quickly move people to REM. – Serotonin int ...
Document
... strengths of synaptic connections are altered. For example, long-term changes in synaptic connection may result in more postsynaptic receptors being embedded in the postsynaptic membrane, resulting in the strengthening of the synapse. Synaptic plasticity is also found to be the neural mechanism that ...
... strengths of synaptic connections are altered. For example, long-term changes in synaptic connection may result in more postsynaptic receptors being embedded in the postsynaptic membrane, resulting in the strengthening of the synapse. Synaptic plasticity is also found to be the neural mechanism that ...
The contribution of intrinsic membrane dynamics to fast network
... 100 –200 Hz sharp-wave ripples) single cortical neurons typically fire irregularly at rates that are much lower than the oscillation frequency. Recent computational studies have provided a mathematical description of such fast oscillations, using the leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron model. Here ...
... 100 –200 Hz sharp-wave ripples) single cortical neurons typically fire irregularly at rates that are much lower than the oscillation frequency. Recent computational studies have provided a mathematical description of such fast oscillations, using the leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron model. Here ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... Institute of Neuroscience (formerly Shanghai Brain Research Institute), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China ...
... Institute of Neuroscience (formerly Shanghai Brain Research Institute), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China ...