Axons, but not cell bodies, are activated by electrical stimulation in
... cortical area or pathway. However, when it is used to elicit postsynaptic effects, the presynaptic neuronal elements activated by electrical stimulation have never been clearly identified: it could be the excitable dendrites, the cell body, the axon initial segment, or the axonal branches. To identi ...
... cortical area or pathway. However, when it is used to elicit postsynaptic effects, the presynaptic neuronal elements activated by electrical stimulation have never been clearly identified: it could be the excitable dendrites, the cell body, the axon initial segment, or the axonal branches. To identi ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... a fundamental mechanism linking sensory representations of the actions of others to motor plans. Furthermore, social psychology studies have documented the automaticity of imitation and mimicry in humans, a feature that also maps well onto some recently disclosed neurophysiological bases of imitatio ...
... a fundamental mechanism linking sensory representations of the actions of others to motor plans. Furthermore, social psychology studies have documented the automaticity of imitation and mimicry in humans, a feature that also maps well onto some recently disclosed neurophysiological bases of imitatio ...
Otx Genes and the Genetic Control of Brain
... subregions that are characterized by diverse cell types deriving from a neuroepithelial sheet of cells in the embryo. During brain development, distinct regions in this cell layer are specified following a precise patterning mechanism conferring to different cell types the appropriate regional ident ...
... subregions that are characterized by diverse cell types deriving from a neuroepithelial sheet of cells in the embryo. During brain development, distinct regions in this cell layer are specified following a precise patterning mechanism conferring to different cell types the appropriate regional ident ...
The dynamic cytoskeleton: backbone of dendritic spine plasticity
... Model for dynamism of f-actin and microtubules in dendritic spines. (a) Model of a dendritic spine showing the possible arrangement of actin filaments in the spine head, neck and dendritic shaft. Actin takes the form of short filaments with several of the filaments having their barbed (fast growing) ...
... Model for dynamism of f-actin and microtubules in dendritic spines. (a) Model of a dendritic spine showing the possible arrangement of actin filaments in the spine head, neck and dendritic shaft. Actin takes the form of short filaments with several of the filaments having their barbed (fast growing) ...
PDF file
... recognition in cluttered backgrounds. The appearance-based feature descriptors are quite selective for a target shape but limited in tolerance to the object transformations. The histogram-based descriptors, for an example, the SIFT features, show great tolerance to the object transformations but suc ...
... recognition in cluttered backgrounds. The appearance-based feature descriptors are quite selective for a target shape but limited in tolerance to the object transformations. The histogram-based descriptors, for an example, the SIFT features, show great tolerance to the object transformations but suc ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Ignoring the criticism on the “golden rule” for a moment, three elements are important when trying to asses the relationship between a tumor and an eloquent cortical area. Using Anatomical Landmarks to Identify the Location of Functional Areas First, in case of undistorted anatomy, eloquent cortical ...
... Ignoring the criticism on the “golden rule” for a moment, three elements are important when trying to asses the relationship between a tumor and an eloquent cortical area. Using Anatomical Landmarks to Identify the Location of Functional Areas First, in case of undistorted anatomy, eloquent cortical ...
12 - PHSchool.com
... The cerebral cortex is composed of gray matter: neuron cell bodies, dendrites, associated glia and blood vessels, but no fiber tracts. It contains billions of neurons arranged in six layers. Although it is only 2–4 mm (about 1/8 inch) thick, it accounts for roughly 40% of total brain mass. Its many ...
... The cerebral cortex is composed of gray matter: neuron cell bodies, dendrites, associated glia and blood vessels, but no fiber tracts. It contains billions of neurons arranged in six layers. Although it is only 2–4 mm (about 1/8 inch) thick, it accounts for roughly 40% of total brain mass. Its many ...
Layer-Specific Markers as Probes for Neuron Type Identity in
... appropriate panels of markers, it is now possible to map cortical layers and areas with remarkable precision in mice (20, 40Y42). Eventually, it seems likely that molecular markers will be used to define all cortical neuron types, although that capability is still a distant goal. Many different fami ...
... appropriate panels of markers, it is now possible to map cortical layers and areas with remarkable precision in mice (20, 40Y42). Eventually, it seems likely that molecular markers will be used to define all cortical neuron types, although that capability is still a distant goal. Many different fami ...
Direct Inhibition Evoked by Whisker Stimulation in Somatic Sensory
... of neurons without prior excitation (I-only inhibition). Reconstruction of the recording sites indicates that I-only inhibition occurs most frequently when the recording site is clearly in the septum or at the barrel-septum junction. The same cells that respond with I-only inhibition to one whisker ...
... of neurons without prior excitation (I-only inhibition). Reconstruction of the recording sites indicates that I-only inhibition occurs most frequently when the recording site is clearly in the septum or at the barrel-septum junction. The same cells that respond with I-only inhibition to one whisker ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... on one retina during the dichoptic period, the neuronal responses of these cells are very similar to those when the effective stimulus is presented monocularly. This supports the view that the neurons in the MTL primarily represent the percept rather than the visual input per se. Given that the dich ...
... on one retina during the dichoptic period, the neuronal responses of these cells are very similar to those when the effective stimulus is presented monocularly. This supports the view that the neurons in the MTL primarily represent the percept rather than the visual input per se. Given that the dich ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... a fundamental mechanism linking sensory representations of the actions of others to motor plans. Furthermore, social psychology studies have documented the automaticity of imitation and mimicry in humans, a feature that also maps well onto some recently disclosed neurophysiological bases of imitatio ...
... a fundamental mechanism linking sensory representations of the actions of others to motor plans. Furthermore, social psychology studies have documented the automaticity of imitation and mimicry in humans, a feature that also maps well onto some recently disclosed neurophysiological bases of imitatio ...
Name__________________________________ The Spinal Cord
... A reflex arc represents the simplest type of nerve pathway found in the brain. It may consist of only 2 or 3 neurons. The pathway is an automatic, unconscious response to a change in the external environment and does not involve the brain. The main steps of a reflex are receptor, sensory neuron, spi ...
... A reflex arc represents the simplest type of nerve pathway found in the brain. It may consist of only 2 or 3 neurons. The pathway is an automatic, unconscious response to a change in the external environment and does not involve the brain. The main steps of a reflex are receptor, sensory neuron, spi ...
Discharge Rate of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons Is
... behavior and attention deficits (Jankovic 2001). Although each of these syndromes is unique and may have a distinct pathophysiology (Mink 2003), evidence from various studies suggests that a common characteristic of the different types of dyskinesia is inappropriate dopaminergic activity. Drugs that ...
... behavior and attention deficits (Jankovic 2001). Although each of these syndromes is unique and may have a distinct pathophysiology (Mink 2003), evidence from various studies suggests that a common characteristic of the different types of dyskinesia is inappropriate dopaminergic activity. Drugs that ...
Comparative analysis of the baseline spike activity of
... random interspike intervals accounted for only 1.3% of cells (Fig. 2, I). Analysis of histograms of interspike intervals for neurons in the fastigial nucleus in normal conditions showed a predominance of polymodal neurons (64.5%) (Fig. 3, B, III). There were significantly fewer mono- and bimodal neu ...
... random interspike intervals accounted for only 1.3% of cells (Fig. 2, I). Analysis of histograms of interspike intervals for neurons in the fastigial nucleus in normal conditions showed a predominance of polymodal neurons (64.5%) (Fig. 3, B, III). There were significantly fewer mono- and bimodal neu ...
Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neurons Target Non
... “long-loop” inhibitory feedback to regulate dopamine neuron activity (Einhorn et al., 1988; Rahman and McBride, 2000). However, it is unresolved whether the axon terminals of the MSNs synapse onto NAc-projecting dopamine neurons or a different class of VTA neuron. The nature of the synaptic connecti ...
... “long-loop” inhibitory feedback to regulate dopamine neuron activity (Einhorn et al., 1988; Rahman and McBride, 2000). However, it is unresolved whether the axon terminals of the MSNs synapse onto NAc-projecting dopamine neurons or a different class of VTA neuron. The nature of the synaptic connecti ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... be from the effects of impalement (Wilson and Groves 1981). Extracellular recording combined with iontophoretic application of excitatory neurotransmitters has also revealed a large population of silent spiny neurons in awake behaving animals (Kiyatkin and Rebec 1996). Membrane potential shifts from ...
... be from the effects of impalement (Wilson and Groves 1981). Extracellular recording combined with iontophoretic application of excitatory neurotransmitters has also revealed a large population of silent spiny neurons in awake behaving animals (Kiyatkin and Rebec 1996). Membrane potential shifts from ...
Contraction Properties of VLSI Cooperative Competitive Neural
... across all areas in the cortex [1]. It has been argued that a good candidate model for a canonical micro-circuit, potentially used as a general purpose cortical computational unit in the cortices, is the soft Winner-Take-All (WTA) circuit [1], or the more general class of Cooperative Competitive Net ...
... across all areas in the cortex [1]. It has been argued that a good candidate model for a canonical micro-circuit, potentially used as a general purpose cortical computational unit in the cortices, is the soft Winner-Take-All (WTA) circuit [1], or the more general class of Cooperative Competitive Net ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... be from the effects of impalement (Wilson and Groves 1981). Extracellular recording combined with iontophoretic application of excitatory neurotransmitters has also revealed a large population of silent spiny neurons in awake behaving animals (Kiyatkin and Rebec 1996). Membrane potential shifts from ...
... be from the effects of impalement (Wilson and Groves 1981). Extracellular recording combined with iontophoretic application of excitatory neurotransmitters has also revealed a large population of silent spiny neurons in awake behaving animals (Kiyatkin and Rebec 1996). Membrane potential shifts from ...
Neurons in the corpus callosum of the cat during postnatal
... neuronal types. The quanti®cation was corrected for double counting of adjacent sections and volume changes during CC development. Our data show that CC neurons are numerous early postnatally, and their number decreases with age. At birth, about 570 neurons are found within the CC boundaries and the ...
... neuronal types. The quanti®cation was corrected for double counting of adjacent sections and volume changes during CC development. Our data show that CC neurons are numerous early postnatally, and their number decreases with age. At birth, about 570 neurons are found within the CC boundaries and the ...
Behavioral dopamine signals
... Figure 1. Schematics of electrophysiological responses of single dopaminergic neurons to reward-related stimuli. (a) Prediction-error coding at the time of the reward: activation following an unpredicted reward (positive-prediction error; top), no response to a fully expected reward (no prediction e ...
... Figure 1. Schematics of electrophysiological responses of single dopaminergic neurons to reward-related stimuli. (a) Prediction-error coding at the time of the reward: activation following an unpredicted reward (positive-prediction error; top), no response to a fully expected reward (no prediction e ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... a fundamental mechanism linking sensory representations of the actions of others to motor plans. Furthermore, social psychology studies have documented the automaticity of imitation and mimicry in humans, a feature that also maps well onto some recently disclosed neurophysiological bases of imitatio ...
... a fundamental mechanism linking sensory representations of the actions of others to motor plans. Furthermore, social psychology studies have documented the automaticity of imitation and mimicry in humans, a feature that also maps well onto some recently disclosed neurophysiological bases of imitatio ...
Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Polymicrogyria
... temporal lobes and basal cortex of the frontal lobes throughout life. All cortical layers undergo special organization, establishing synaptic contacts with local and distant neurons; these contacts contribute to the normal horizontal and columnar stratification of the layers. Inhibition of neuronal ...
... temporal lobes and basal cortex of the frontal lobes throughout life. All cortical layers undergo special organization, establishing synaptic contacts with local and distant neurons; these contacts contribute to the normal horizontal and columnar stratification of the layers. Inhibition of neuronal ...
Mirroring others` emotions relates to empathy and
... What about the more general hypothesis that MNS may also play a significant role in social cognition? This issue remains rather controversial in the field. Some have championed a simulation theory of ‘mind reading’ grounded on mirroring mechanisms (Gallese, 2006; Gallese and Goldman, 1998; Keysers a ...
... What about the more general hypothesis that MNS may also play a significant role in social cognition? This issue remains rather controversial in the field. Some have championed a simulation theory of ‘mind reading’ grounded on mirroring mechanisms (Gallese, 2006; Gallese and Goldman, 1998; Keysers a ...
The amygdala - University of Puget Sound
... discuss later, this inhibition can be overcome when a novel stimulus is presented in association with a significant event. In this case, rather than dissipating, the responses are potentiated. Most of the inputs to the amygdala involve excitatory pathways that use glutamate as a transmitter. These i ...
... discuss later, this inhibition can be overcome when a novel stimulus is presented in association with a significant event. In this case, rather than dissipating, the responses are potentiated. Most of the inputs to the amygdala involve excitatory pathways that use glutamate as a transmitter. These i ...