Cortical evolution and development: Conserved
... Symmetric cell divisions give rise to identical daughter cells both capable of further division; asymmetric division produces a cell that will become a differentiated mature form Topographic map The feature of retention of nearest-neighbor relationships when one array of neurons projects upon anothe ...
... Symmetric cell divisions give rise to identical daughter cells both capable of further division; asymmetric division produces a cell that will become a differentiated mature form Topographic map The feature of retention of nearest-neighbor relationships when one array of neurons projects upon anothe ...
Cortical Plasticity - Lund University Publications
... see Fig. 2.1. It is organized so that the sensory information is processed in a series of relay regions, and this is a common organizational principle for sensory systems. For touch, there are only two relays on the path between the receptors in the skin and the somatosensory cortex. The receptor ne ...
... see Fig. 2.1. It is organized so that the sensory information is processed in a series of relay regions, and this is a common organizational principle for sensory systems. For touch, there are only two relays on the path between the receptors in the skin and the somatosensory cortex. The receptor ne ...
Chapter 13 Stress and Glucocorticoid Contributions to Normal and
... maintenance of the immune system, and inhibition of nonessential processes such as reproductive function. Collectively, these functions enable “fight or flight” behaviors to remove the organism from immediate danger, while later restoring bodily homeostasis. Although many hormones are released in re ...
... maintenance of the immune system, and inhibition of nonessential processes such as reproductive function. Collectively, these functions enable “fight or flight” behaviors to remove the organism from immediate danger, while later restoring bodily homeostasis. Although many hormones are released in re ...
Expectation of reward modulates cognitive signals in the basal ganglia
... to-be-attended location or object, and reward was given consistently. Here the required cognitive processing was identical for different target locations, but the reward outcome was different. The basal ganglia may direct attention to items associated with reward, whereas the cerebral cortex, especi ...
... to-be-attended location or object, and reward was given consistently. Here the required cognitive processing was identical for different target locations, but the reward outcome was different. The basal ganglia may direct attention to items associated with reward, whereas the cerebral cortex, especi ...
Categorical perception of somesthetic stimuli: psychophysical
... stimulus speeds (categorical neurons). In a light instruction task, we tested the possibility that the categorical neurons (n = 71) were associated with the intention to press, or with the trajectory of the hand to one of the two target switches used to indicate categorization. In this situation, ea ...
... stimulus speeds (categorical neurons). In a light instruction task, we tested the possibility that the categorical neurons (n = 71) were associated with the intention to press, or with the trajectory of the hand to one of the two target switches used to indicate categorization. In this situation, ea ...
Functional differences between dorsal and ventral hippocampus
... Our results show that there is a significant difference in the biosynthetic activity from dorsal and ventral regions from both CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas. Moreover, the activity is higher in the dorsal region in basal condition. The parcellation of hippocampus into dorsal and ventral zones has be ...
... Our results show that there is a significant difference in the biosynthetic activity from dorsal and ventral regions from both CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas. Moreover, the activity is higher in the dorsal region in basal condition. The parcellation of hippocampus into dorsal and ventral zones has be ...
Subthalamic Stimulation-Induced Synaptic Responses in Substantia
... et al. 1977). In vitro, under control conditions, dopaminergic neurons in adults fire only in the pacemaker-like mode (Grace 1987). This difference suggests that afferent input to nigral dopaminergic neurons plays an important role in regulating their neuronal activity. The burst firing pattern and ...
... et al. 1977). In vitro, under control conditions, dopaminergic neurons in adults fire only in the pacemaker-like mode (Grace 1987). This difference suggests that afferent input to nigral dopaminergic neurons plays an important role in regulating their neuronal activity. The burst firing pattern and ...
mGluR-dependent persistent firing in entorhinal cortex layer III neurons SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS Motoharu Yoshida,
... Persistent firing is believed to be a crucial mechanism for memory function including working memory. Recent in vivo and in vitro findings suggest an involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in persistent firing. Using whole-cell patch-recording techniques in a rat entorhinal cortex ...
... Persistent firing is believed to be a crucial mechanism for memory function including working memory. Recent in vivo and in vitro findings suggest an involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in persistent firing. Using whole-cell patch-recording techniques in a rat entorhinal cortex ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... thalamic and recurrent cortical inputs into the layer 2 network. To isolate this response for comparison between cells, we focused analysis on the earliest synaptic response: the first 30 ms following whisker deflection. Responses were averaged over multiple trials (8 to 57 trials per cell), and the ...
... thalamic and recurrent cortical inputs into the layer 2 network. To isolate this response for comparison between cells, we focused analysis on the earliest synaptic response: the first 30 ms following whisker deflection. Responses were averaged over multiple trials (8 to 57 trials per cell), and the ...
Probability of Transmitter Release at Neocortical
... cells. Therefore we set out to examine the release probability at glutamatergic synaptic inputs to layer II–III pyramidal cells in the visual cortex, using the MK-801 method. Our aims were, first, to assess the distribution of probabilities of transmitter release and, second, to compare the release ...
... cells. Therefore we set out to examine the release probability at glutamatergic synaptic inputs to layer II–III pyramidal cells in the visual cortex, using the MK-801 method. Our aims were, first, to assess the distribution of probabilities of transmitter release and, second, to compare the release ...
Effect of Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity on Learning- Arc Efferent Neurons
... #Current address: Dept. of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790 (Submitted 19 June 2008; Revised 5 September 2008; In final form 24 September 2008) ...
... #Current address: Dept. of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790 (Submitted 19 June 2008; Revised 5 September 2008; In final form 24 September 2008) ...
Developmental regulation and individual differences of neuronal
... and DNA methylation, shaping gene expression patterns and genome organization, are critical intermediates for numerous genetic and environmental factors affecting neuronal functions in healthy and diseased brains (1). For example, there is increasing evidence that epigenetic alterations in the cereb ...
... and DNA methylation, shaping gene expression patterns and genome organization, are critical intermediates for numerous genetic and environmental factors affecting neuronal functions in healthy and diseased brains (1). For example, there is increasing evidence that epigenetic alterations in the cereb ...
CATEGORIES IN THE PIGEON BRAIN - Ruhr-Universität
... peri-peck time histograms for peaks of spiking activity near time point 0. Materials, recording, and spike sorting procedure have been described in greater detail by Starosta et al. (2013, 2014). Data Analysis To analyze our data, we used custom-written Matlab code. For each pigeon, we constructed a ...
... peri-peck time histograms for peaks of spiking activity near time point 0. Materials, recording, and spike sorting procedure have been described in greater detail by Starosta et al. (2013, 2014). Data Analysis To analyze our data, we used custom-written Matlab code. For each pigeon, we constructed a ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
... conductance of the membrane but does not cause any voltage change when activated on its own. In this case it is more convenient to think of the inhibition as reducing the input resistance of the cell, effectively reducing the voltage response to excitatory current. This property of inhibition can be ...
... conductance of the membrane but does not cause any voltage change when activated on its own. In this case it is more convenient to think of the inhibition as reducing the input resistance of the cell, effectively reducing the voltage response to excitatory current. This property of inhibition can be ...
(fMRI) in Brain Tumour Patients
... The aim of neurosurgery in brain tumour patients is maximum tumour resection, while at the same time minimising the risk of new functional deficits post-operatively. For optimal results, the relationship between the tumour margins and eloquent brain regions needs to be established as accurately as p ...
... The aim of neurosurgery in brain tumour patients is maximum tumour resection, while at the same time minimising the risk of new functional deficits post-operatively. For optimal results, the relationship between the tumour margins and eloquent brain regions needs to be established as accurately as p ...
Localization of Glycine Neurotransmitter Transporter (GLYT2
... amino acids from synaptic clefts by a rapid sodiumdependent uptake system (Kanner, 1989) . Recently, several cDNAs encoding neurotransmitter transporters were cloned . Only a few were shown to be neuronal, presumably acting in the classic reuptake systems (Clark et al ., 1992 ; Amara and Kuhar, 1993 ...
... amino acids from synaptic clefts by a rapid sodiumdependent uptake system (Kanner, 1989) . Recently, several cDNAs encoding neurotransmitter transporters were cloned . Only a few were shown to be neuronal, presumably acting in the classic reuptake systems (Clark et al ., 1992 ; Amara and Kuhar, 1993 ...
Feedforward and feedback inhibition in neostriatal GABAergic spiny
... afterhyperpolarization and fired rebound spikes following the offset of a hyperpolarizing current pulse delivered when the cell was depolarized (Fig. 4B), characteristics different from those of either PV+ or LTS neurons. Depolarization from rest sometimes evoked a plateau-like potential that did no ...
... afterhyperpolarization and fired rebound spikes following the offset of a hyperpolarizing current pulse delivered when the cell was depolarized (Fig. 4B), characteristics different from those of either PV+ or LTS neurons. Depolarization from rest sometimes evoked a plateau-like potential that did no ...
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... to the naked eye. You cannot see that it is densely packed with structures, systems, functions, connections and interconnections, many of which are still not fully understood. Within the brain’s tissue are roughly 86 billion individual nerve cells called neurons. Each neuron is connected to between ...
... to the naked eye. You cannot see that it is densely packed with structures, systems, functions, connections and interconnections, many of which are still not fully understood. Within the brain’s tissue are roughly 86 billion individual nerve cells called neurons. Each neuron is connected to between ...
Visual behaviour mediated by retinal projections directed to the
... cells19. We investigated whether activation of the crossmodal projection evokes visual or auditory percepts in the behaving ferret (experiment 1), and, if the projection mediates visual behaviour, whether its visual acuity is comparable to normal (experiment 2). We directed retinal axons to the left ...
... cells19. We investigated whether activation of the crossmodal projection evokes visual or auditory percepts in the behaving ferret (experiment 1), and, if the projection mediates visual behaviour, whether its visual acuity is comparable to normal (experiment 2). We directed retinal axons to the left ...
CCNBook/Neuron
... The approach taken for the models in this book is to find some kind of happy (or unhappy) middle ground between biological detail and cognitive functionality. This middle ground is unhappy to the extent that researchers concerned with either end of this continuum are dissatisfied with the level of t ...
... The approach taken for the models in this book is to find some kind of happy (or unhappy) middle ground between biological detail and cognitive functionality. This middle ground is unhappy to the extent that researchers concerned with either end of this continuum are dissatisfied with the level of t ...
Understanding Structural-Functional Relationships in the Human
... because it is capable of aiding our understanding of how the relatively fixed SC architecture underlies human cognition and diverse behaviors. With the aid of current noninvasive imaging technologies (e.g., structural MRI, diffusion MRI, and functional MRI) and graph theory methods, researchers have ...
... because it is capable of aiding our understanding of how the relatively fixed SC architecture underlies human cognition and diverse behaviors. With the aid of current noninvasive imaging technologies (e.g., structural MRI, diffusion MRI, and functional MRI) and graph theory methods, researchers have ...
Hasson-JNeurosci2008.. - Center for Neural Science
... It is well established that neurons along the visual cortical pathways have increasingly larger spatial receptive fields (Hubel, 1988). This is a basic organizing principle of the visual system; neurons in higher-level visual areas receive inputs from many neurons with smaller receptive fields in ea ...
... It is well established that neurons along the visual cortical pathways have increasingly larger spatial receptive fields (Hubel, 1988). This is a basic organizing principle of the visual system; neurons in higher-level visual areas receive inputs from many neurons with smaller receptive fields in ea ...
cHaPter 3
... to the naked eye. You cannot see that it is densely packed with structures, systems, functions, connections and interconnections, many of which are still not fully understood. Within the brain’s tissue are roughly 86 billion individual nerve cells called neurons. Each neuron is connected to between ...
... to the naked eye. You cannot see that it is densely packed with structures, systems, functions, connections and interconnections, many of which are still not fully understood. Within the brain’s tissue are roughly 86 billion individual nerve cells called neurons. Each neuron is connected to between ...
Location and connectivity determine GABAergic interneuron survival in the brains... South Hampshire sheep with CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
... distinctive pattern of change for each calcium binding protein. Loss of neurons positive to parvalbumin from the affected cortex became apparent at four months of age and had become profound by 19 months. The extent of loss varied markedly between regions, as to a lesser extent did the loss of somat ...
... distinctive pattern of change for each calcium binding protein. Loss of neurons positive to parvalbumin from the affected cortex became apparent at four months of age and had become profound by 19 months. The extent of loss varied markedly between regions, as to a lesser extent did the loss of somat ...
Volatile Solvents as Drugs of Abuse: Focus on the Cortico
... become aware that solvents were euphorigenic and could possibly produce psychological dependency (Glaser and Massengale, 1962). It is now widely accepted that volatile solvents are a distinct class of abused drugs, and chronic solvent use can lead to a substance use disorder (abuse or dependence), a ...
... become aware that solvents were euphorigenic and could possibly produce psychological dependency (Glaser and Massengale, 1962). It is now widely accepted that volatile solvents are a distinct class of abused drugs, and chronic solvent use can lead to a substance use disorder (abuse or dependence), a ...