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... and control various aspects of neuronal activity to decipher their correlation to behavior. The Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2) packages glutamate into presynaptic vesicles for axonal terminal release. In this thesis, VGLUT2 was used to specifically target cell populations within the basa ...
... and control various aspects of neuronal activity to decipher their correlation to behavior. The Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2) packages glutamate into presynaptic vesicles for axonal terminal release. In this thesis, VGLUT2 was used to specifically target cell populations within the basa ...
Frontostriatal mechanisms in instruction-based learning
... task and the number of response alternatives it might take quite a while to figure out what is correct under which circumstances. In contrast, humans can adopt and behaviorally implement novel stimulus-response (S-R) rules almost instantaneously if explicitly instructed. Most experimental laboratorie ...
... task and the number of response alternatives it might take quite a while to figure out what is correct under which circumstances. In contrast, humans can adopt and behaviorally implement novel stimulus-response (S-R) rules almost instantaneously if explicitly instructed. Most experimental laboratorie ...
Studying the topological organization of the cerebral blood flow
... The ASL technique has been utilized to measure dynamic, spontaneous CBF changes in resting state (Biswal et al., 1997; Chuang et al., 2008; De Luca et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2009). The pioneer study developed by Biswal et al. (1997) demonstrated that the spontaneous low frequency (b0.1 Hz) flow weight ...
... The ASL technique has been utilized to measure dynamic, spontaneous CBF changes in resting state (Biswal et al., 1997; Chuang et al., 2008; De Luca et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2009). The pioneer study developed by Biswal et al. (1997) demonstrated that the spontaneous low frequency (b0.1 Hz) flow weight ...
Bystander Attenuation Of Neuronal And Astrocyte
... irreversible. The mechanism of injury with which CMV causes these significant but variable neurologic sequelae is largely unknown. Understanding the pathogenesis is pivotal in formulating improved modality of treatment and prevention. This project aims to study the impact of CMV infection on the cal ...
... irreversible. The mechanism of injury with which CMV causes these significant but variable neurologic sequelae is largely unknown. Understanding the pathogenesis is pivotal in formulating improved modality of treatment and prevention. This project aims to study the impact of CMV infection on the cal ...
Dissociation of Mnemonic Coding and Other Functional Neuronal
... the presentation of a variety of visual, auditory, and somatosensory stimuli. The aim was to study the relationship between mnemonic neuronal processing and other functional neuronal responsiveness at the single-neuron level in the prefrontal cortex. Recordings were performed in both experimental si ...
... the presentation of a variety of visual, auditory, and somatosensory stimuli. The aim was to study the relationship between mnemonic neuronal processing and other functional neuronal responsiveness at the single-neuron level in the prefrontal cortex. Recordings were performed in both experimental si ...
Features of Neuronal Synchrony in Mouse Visual Cortex
... been hypothesized to play a role in defining cell assemblies representing particular constellations of stimulus features. In many systems and species, synchronization is accompanied by an oscillatory response modulation at frequencies in the ␥-band. The cellular mechanisms underlying these phenomena ...
... been hypothesized to play a role in defining cell assemblies representing particular constellations of stimulus features. In many systems and species, synchronization is accompanied by an oscillatory response modulation at frequencies in the ␥-band. The cellular mechanisms underlying these phenomena ...
Stimulus-Dependent Synchronization of Neuronal Responses in the
... To examine our hypothesis, we recorded simultaneously with two electrodes neuronal responses from different sites. The stimuli were configurated so that cells at the two recording sites were either activated by a common stimulus (single-bar condition) or by two different bars, whereby each bar activ ...
... To examine our hypothesis, we recorded simultaneously with two electrodes neuronal responses from different sites. The stimuli were configurated so that cells at the two recording sites were either activated by a common stimulus (single-bar condition) or by two different bars, whereby each bar activ ...
Sample pages PDF
... located against the skull and above the orbits. Like the dorsolateral cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex is tightly connected to the cingulate cortex, as well as the rest of the associative cortex, the amygdala, and the dorsomedial and ventral anterior nuclei of the thalamus [18]. This cortex projects ...
... located against the skull and above the orbits. Like the dorsolateral cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex is tightly connected to the cingulate cortex, as well as the rest of the associative cortex, the amygdala, and the dorsomedial and ventral anterior nuclei of the thalamus [18]. This cortex projects ...
Intelligent agents capable of developing memory of their environment
... artificial neural networks (ANNs) (numbers of neurons and their connections) [Boers and Kuiper, 1992]. They evolved the rules of an L-system that generated feed-forward neural networks. They found that this method produced more modular neural networks that performed better than networks with a prede ...
... artificial neural networks (ANNs) (numbers of neurons and their connections) [Boers and Kuiper, 1992]. They evolved the rules of an L-system that generated feed-forward neural networks. They found that this method produced more modular neural networks that performed better than networks with a prede ...
Neuronal correlates of decision
... a currently applied sensory stimulus to a referent stored in longterm memory. Instead, the subjects must compare a current stimulus (f2) to a referent that varies on a trial-by-trial basis (f1). This opens the possibility of observing components of the response that covary with the referent. Briefly ...
... a currently applied sensory stimulus to a referent stored in longterm memory. Instead, the subjects must compare a current stimulus (f2) to a referent that varies on a trial-by-trial basis (f1). This opens the possibility of observing components of the response that covary with the referent. Briefly ...
Overview - Sinauer Associates
... (Box 5A). These have led to the identification of more than 100 different neurotransmitters, which can be classified into two broad categories: small-molecule neurotransmitters and neuropeptides (see Chapter 6). Having more than one transmitter diversifies the physiological repertoire of synapses. ...
... (Box 5A). These have led to the identification of more than 100 different neurotransmitters, which can be classified into two broad categories: small-molecule neurotransmitters and neuropeptides (see Chapter 6). Having more than one transmitter diversifies the physiological repertoire of synapses. ...
Cicc4e_02-FINAL_PPT
... How do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems allow people and animals to interact with their surroundings and control the body’s automatic functions? How do the hormones released by glands interact with the nervous system and affect behavior? How do psychologists study the brain and how it works ...
... How do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems allow people and animals to interact with their surroundings and control the body’s automatic functions? How do the hormones released by glands interact with the nervous system and affect behavior? How do psychologists study the brain and how it works ...
Paraneoplastic Antigen-Like 5 Gene (PNMA5) Is
... pathway, the expression gradually increased in the excitatory neurons from the primary to higher visual areas. This differential expression pattern was very similar to that of retinol-binding protein (RBP) mRNA, another association-area-enriched gene that we reported previously. Additional expressio ...
... pathway, the expression gradually increased in the excitatory neurons from the primary to higher visual areas. This differential expression pattern was very similar to that of retinol-binding protein (RBP) mRNA, another association-area-enriched gene that we reported previously. Additional expressio ...
RHYTHM GENERATION IN SPINAL CULTURES: IS IT THE
... spontaneous rhythms seen in the spinal cord of the chick embryo have been modelled on the computer based on the two parameters of hyperexcitability and activity dependent depression (Tabak et al., 2001). Since theses rhythms share many properties with the bursting induced in spinal cultures by disin ...
... spontaneous rhythms seen in the spinal cord of the chick embryo have been modelled on the computer based on the two parameters of hyperexcitability and activity dependent depression (Tabak et al., 2001). Since theses rhythms share many properties with the bursting induced in spinal cultures by disin ...
invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
... degradation (fault tolerance), and some locality to the representation, so that some single neurons which receive inputs from such a representation can obtain sufficient information without requiring an enormous fan in, that is number of synapses (Rolls et al., 1996a). (The number of synapses per ne ...
... degradation (fault tolerance), and some locality to the representation, so that some single neurons which receive inputs from such a representation can obtain sufficient information without requiring an enormous fan in, that is number of synapses (Rolls et al., 1996a). (The number of synapses per ne ...
The Basal Ganglia
... that the limbic system may split its striatal projections into a hippocampus–matrix system and an amygdala–patches system; a similar division has been found for the nucleus accumbens. The best summary is in Gerfen (1992). • Of the midbrain DA cells, the SNc (A9) projects mainly to the patches and A ...
... that the limbic system may split its striatal projections into a hippocampus–matrix system and an amygdala–patches system; a similar division has been found for the nucleus accumbens. The best summary is in Gerfen (1992). • Of the midbrain DA cells, the SNc (A9) projects mainly to the patches and A ...
Efferent connections of the parabigeminal nucleus to the amygdala
... the Pbg to Am might be an element of a third disynaptic connection from the SC to the Am, since this nucleus receives a significant input from the SC (Baleydier and Magnin, 1979; Graybiel, 1978, reviewed in Usunoff et al., 2006). In order to understand whether the neurons of this small nucleus, with ...
... the Pbg to Am might be an element of a third disynaptic connection from the SC to the Am, since this nucleus receives a significant input from the SC (Baleydier and Magnin, 1979; Graybiel, 1978, reviewed in Usunoff et al., 2006). In order to understand whether the neurons of this small nucleus, with ...
Visual Motion-Detection Circuits in Flies: Small
... layer (Figs. 7, 8). Scaling each cell type to a standardized medulla allows comparison of the depth of any arborizations of a neuron to any other. Interspecific comparisons can be standardized among species by using this principle. For example, in all species, the terminals of the L1 large lamina mo ...
... layer (Figs. 7, 8). Scaling each cell type to a standardized medulla allows comparison of the depth of any arborizations of a neuron to any other. Interspecific comparisons can be standardized among species by using this principle. For example, in all species, the terminals of the L1 large lamina mo ...
Role of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus in rat whisker pad
... masseter muscle on the same side of deeply anesthetized rats to label the respective projecting sensory neurons. This double-labeling technique was used to assess the co-innervation of both structures by the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (TMnu). In a separate group of anesthetized animals, the sp ...
... masseter muscle on the same side of deeply anesthetized rats to label the respective projecting sensory neurons. This double-labeling technique was used to assess the co-innervation of both structures by the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (TMnu). In a separate group of anesthetized animals, the sp ...
Columnar Organization of Dendrites and Axons of Single and
... reconstruction of the spiny stellate cell marked by the white asterisk in A. The somatodendritic configuration is shown in red; the axonal collaterals are shown in blue. The outline of the barrel is revealed by the cytochrome oxidase staining and is shaded in light gray. Inset, Half-tone picture of ...
... reconstruction of the spiny stellate cell marked by the white asterisk in A. The somatodendritic configuration is shown in red; the axonal collaterals are shown in blue. The outline of the barrel is revealed by the cytochrome oxidase staining and is shaded in light gray. Inset, Half-tone picture of ...
Interspike Intervals, Receptive Fields, and Information Encoding in
... To the degree that the neuron is a linear system, the derived RF map can also be considered to depict its “spatiotemporal impulse response”— that is, its average response to an incremental flash of light at each spatial position (Victor, 1992). Of course, V1 neurons are not linear systems, and there ...
... To the degree that the neuron is a linear system, the derived RF map can also be considered to depict its “spatiotemporal impulse response”— that is, its average response to an incremental flash of light at each spatial position (Victor, 1992). Of course, V1 neurons are not linear systems, and there ...
Document
... natural capacity to remember 1. Cortex Pharmaceuticals: Developing a new class of molecules known as ampakines, which facilitate the transmission of the neurotransmitter glutamate. ...
... natural capacity to remember 1. Cortex Pharmaceuticals: Developing a new class of molecules known as ampakines, which facilitate the transmission of the neurotransmitter glutamate. ...
Membrane Potential Fluctuations in Neural Integrator
... sensitivity and graded activity patterns. Other examples of neural integrators exist. For example, the head direction system [6] in rats is thought to integrate vestibular (and other cues) to produce a persistent signal head direction signal. In general, the mechanisms by which persistent activity a ...
... sensitivity and graded activity patterns. Other examples of neural integrators exist. For example, the head direction system [6] in rats is thought to integrate vestibular (and other cues) to produce a persistent signal head direction signal. In general, the mechanisms by which persistent activity a ...
Canonical Microcircuits for Predictive Coding
... bility—defined as the number of observed connections divided by total number of pairs recorded—and connection strength— defined in terms of postsynaptic responses. Thomson et al. (2002) used these techniques to study layers 2 to 5 (L2 to L5) of the cat and rat visual systems. The most frequently con ...
... bility—defined as the number of observed connections divided by total number of pairs recorded—and connection strength— defined in terms of postsynaptic responses. Thomson et al. (2002) used these techniques to study layers 2 to 5 (L2 to L5) of the cat and rat visual systems. The most frequently con ...
Mutations affecting the development of the embryonic zebrafish brain
... dorsal-ventral axes. The formation of the neural tube from the neural plate and the development of brain ventricles then contribute to the typical morphology of the embryonic brain. Finally, the differentiation of neurons and glia and the establishment of proper synaptic connections lead to function ...
... dorsal-ventral axes. The formation of the neural tube from the neural plate and the development of brain ventricles then contribute to the typical morphology of the embryonic brain. Finally, the differentiation of neurons and glia and the establishment of proper synaptic connections lead to function ...