Involvement of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Hippocampal
... performance of affected mice in behavioral tasks related to spatial memory. Moreover, lack of TNFα increased the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), following performance of the learning task. Our results suggest that TNFα actively influences hi ...
... performance of affected mice in behavioral tasks related to spatial memory. Moreover, lack of TNFα increased the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), following performance of the learning task. Our results suggest that TNFα actively influences hi ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tdx.cat) y a través del Repositorio Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de prop ...
... ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tdx.cat) y a través del Repositorio Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de prop ...
Layer III Neurons Control Synchronized Waves in the Immature
... Correlated spiking activity prevails in immature cortical networks and is believed to contribute to neuronal circuit maturation; however, its spatiotemporal organization is not fully understood. Using wide-field calcium imaging from acute whole-brain slices of rat pups on postnatal days 1– 6, we fou ...
... Correlated spiking activity prevails in immature cortical networks and is believed to contribute to neuronal circuit maturation; however, its spatiotemporal organization is not fully understood. Using wide-field calcium imaging from acute whole-brain slices of rat pups on postnatal days 1– 6, we fou ...
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
Functional circuitry underlying visual neglect
... lesion deactivations are increased; (iii) changes in 2DG uptake were not identified in the contralateral cortex; and (iv) reversal of the lesion-induced neglect component of blindness is associated with a reduction of contralesional 2DG uptake to normal or subnormal levels. These data are in accord ...
... lesion deactivations are increased; (iii) changes in 2DG uptake were not identified in the contralateral cortex; and (iv) reversal of the lesion-induced neglect component of blindness is associated with a reduction of contralesional 2DG uptake to normal or subnormal levels. These data are in accord ...
Document
... More in details, NGF consists of three subunits, a, b and g which interact to form a 7S complex of approximately 27 kDa in weight. The 7S complex contains two identical 118 amino acid b chains, which are solely responsible for the trophic activity of NGF. Mature b-NGF is synthesized from prepro-b NG ...
... More in details, NGF consists of three subunits, a, b and g which interact to form a 7S complex of approximately 27 kDa in weight. The 7S complex contains two identical 118 amino acid b chains, which are solely responsible for the trophic activity of NGF. Mature b-NGF is synthesized from prepro-b NG ...
The GABAergic system in schizophrenia
... schizophrenia in which a state of ‘ NMDA receptor hypofunction ’ is caused by either intrinsically hypofunctioning NMDA receptors or through excitotoxic loss of NMDA receptor-bearing GABAergic neurons. This state results in excessive dopaminergic input into corticolimbic regions (also see Carlsson e ...
... schizophrenia in which a state of ‘ NMDA receptor hypofunction ’ is caused by either intrinsically hypofunctioning NMDA receptors or through excitotoxic loss of NMDA receptor-bearing GABAergic neurons. This state results in excessive dopaminergic input into corticolimbic regions (also see Carlsson e ...
Orientation Preference Patterns in Mammalian Visual Cortex: A Wire
... the fact that each individual neuron is well tuned for orientation. The situation in rat V1 raises a question about the relation between the tuning of neuronal response and the tuning of the connection function. Although they are related, these two tunings do not have to coincide. This is because co ...
... the fact that each individual neuron is well tuned for orientation. The situation in rat V1 raises a question about the relation between the tuning of neuronal response and the tuning of the connection function. Although they are related, these two tunings do not have to coincide. This is because co ...
Clustered Organization of Neurons with Similar Extra
... To determine the ERF properties of cells in the primary visual cortex of the cat, we used visual stimuli of sinusoidal gratings that drift at the optimal spatiotemporal frequency for the neuron. We first located the center of the CRF by moving rectangular grating patches along the axes perpendicular ...
... To determine the ERF properties of cells in the primary visual cortex of the cat, we used visual stimuli of sinusoidal gratings that drift at the optimal spatiotemporal frequency for the neuron. We first located the center of the CRF by moving rectangular grating patches along the axes perpendicular ...
Temperature Integration at the AC Thermosensory Neurons
... et al., 2011). We therefore used Drosophila to address this question because they offer a relatively simple biological system coupled with powerful genetic and physiological tools that can provide the groundwork for the subsequent analysis of more complex systems (Olsen and Wilson, 2008; Griffith, 2 ...
... et al., 2011). We therefore used Drosophila to address this question because they offer a relatively simple biological system coupled with powerful genetic and physiological tools that can provide the groundwork for the subsequent analysis of more complex systems (Olsen and Wilson, 2008; Griffith, 2 ...
Article Full Text PDF
... survival. M-cells are highly integrative cells for motor behavior, and a part of the ‘‘brainstem escape network’’ (Eaton et al., 1991). M-cells are unique in the vertebrate central nervous system because they are readily identifiable both morphologically and physiologically (Faber and Korn, 1978). I ...
... survival. M-cells are highly integrative cells for motor behavior, and a part of the ‘‘brainstem escape network’’ (Eaton et al., 1991). M-cells are unique in the vertebrate central nervous system because they are readily identifiable both morphologically and physiologically (Faber and Korn, 1978). I ...
Methods of Studying The Nervous System
... event is always measured during a specific interval of time • For example: an ERP of P300 (positive amplitude at 300 miliseconds) always occurs when a stimulus has semantic meaning to a subject Pinel's Biopsychology, 5th Ed. ...
... event is always measured during a specific interval of time • For example: an ERP of P300 (positive amplitude at 300 miliseconds) always occurs when a stimulus has semantic meaning to a subject Pinel's Biopsychology, 5th Ed. ...
Cerebellar fastigial nucleus: from anatomic construction to
... the motion of the head and body in space [48–50]. By integrating the space information, rostral FN explicitly computes an internal estimate of body motion and determines spatial orientation to modulate movements related to posture and gait [48–50]. On the other hand, the bi-synaptic projections from ...
... the motion of the head and body in space [48–50]. By integrating the space information, rostral FN explicitly computes an internal estimate of body motion and determines spatial orientation to modulate movements related to posture and gait [48–50]. On the other hand, the bi-synaptic projections from ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... explanation for the differences between monkeys and humans that have led some researchers to question the existence of a ‘mirror neuron system’. Second, it is consistent with evidence indicating that mirror neurons contribute to a range of social cognitive functions, but do not play a dominant, spec ...
... explanation for the differences between monkeys and humans that have led some researchers to question the existence of a ‘mirror neuron system’. Second, it is consistent with evidence indicating that mirror neurons contribute to a range of social cognitive functions, but do not play a dominant, spec ...
Dual inhibition of the dactyl opener muscle in lobster
... within the boxes are abbreviations for the names of the innervating motoneurons. Lines illustrate the innervation paths of the axons of each of the motoneurons. The opener muscle receives innervation from the common inhibitor (CI), the opener excitor (OE) and the specific opener inhibitor (OI). Plac ...
... within the boxes are abbreviations for the names of the innervating motoneurons. Lines illustrate the innervation paths of the axons of each of the motoneurons. The opener muscle receives innervation from the common inhibitor (CI), the opener excitor (OE) and the specific opener inhibitor (OI). Plac ...
Open-loop organization of thalamic reticular nucleus and dorsal
... synapse, since this synapse induces large postsynaptic currents but is highly depressing (Chung et al. 2002; Gil et al. 1999; Stratford et al. 1996), a burst of action potentials arriving after a period of quiescence (as required by the voltage- and time sensitivity of T-type calcium channels) would ...
... synapse, since this synapse induces large postsynaptic currents but is highly depressing (Chung et al. 2002; Gil et al. 1999; Stratford et al. 1996), a burst of action potentials arriving after a period of quiescence (as required by the voltage- and time sensitivity of T-type calcium channels) would ...
Neurobiology of ADHD Gail Tripp , Review
... Imaging studies have delineated gross anatomical changes in brain dimensions associated with ADHD, and a number of excellent reviews exist (Bush et al., 2005; Durston, 2003; Kieling et al., 2008; Swanson et al., 2007). The most consistent finding is an overall reduction in total brain size that persi ...
... Imaging studies have delineated gross anatomical changes in brain dimensions associated with ADHD, and a number of excellent reviews exist (Bush et al., 2005; Durston, 2003; Kieling et al., 2008; Swanson et al., 2007). The most consistent finding is an overall reduction in total brain size that persi ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... in the primary visual cortex 17–19. Similar computations20 had been proposed previously to explain light adaptation in the retina21–24, size invariance in the fly visual system25 and associative memory in the hippocampus26. Evidence that has accumulated since then suggests that normalization plays a ...
... in the primary visual cortex 17–19. Similar computations20 had been proposed previously to explain light adaptation in the retina21–24, size invariance in the fly visual system25 and associative memory in the hippocampus26. Evidence that has accumulated since then suggests that normalization plays a ...
The Control of Voluntary Eye Movements: New Perspectives
... voluntary eye movements. First, recent experiments have shown that pursuit and saccades are not controlled by entirely different neural pathways but are controlled by similar networks of cortical and subcortical regions and, in some cases, by the same neurons. Second, pursuit and saccades are not au ...
... voluntary eye movements. First, recent experiments have shown that pursuit and saccades are not controlled by entirely different neural pathways but are controlled by similar networks of cortical and subcortical regions and, in some cases, by the same neurons. Second, pursuit and saccades are not au ...
Sound processing by local neural populations in the
... is transduced into an electrical signal. This signal propagates along various stations of the auditory pathway, through the thalamus, eventually reaching the auditory cortex (AC). The AC is the primary cortical region devoted to processing of sounds, and as such, it is believed to be involved in hig ...
... is transduced into an electrical signal. This signal propagates along various stations of the auditory pathway, through the thalamus, eventually reaching the auditory cortex (AC). The AC is the primary cortical region devoted to processing of sounds, and as such, it is believed to be involved in hig ...
Nap, a Novel Member of the Pentraxin Family, Promotes Neurite
... as a function of the activity of specific neuronal circuits. This capacity is believed to underlie learning and memory as well as aspects of postnatal development of the brain (Shatz, 1990). Cellular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent plasticity are known to be initiated by rapid, transmitter- ...
... as a function of the activity of specific neuronal circuits. This capacity is believed to underlie learning and memory as well as aspects of postnatal development of the brain (Shatz, 1990). Cellular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent plasticity are known to be initiated by rapid, transmitter- ...
Stimulation of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Decreases
... 1985). A similar antidromic response latency of 20.9 ⫾ 1.5 msec was observed for BL neurons after stimulation of mPFC. As the electrode descended through CeM and then BL, there was an abrupt transition in the ability to antidromically activate cells, first from the brainstem and then from mPFC (Fig. ...
... 1985). A similar antidromic response latency of 20.9 ⫾ 1.5 msec was observed for BL neurons after stimulation of mPFC. As the electrode descended through CeM and then BL, there was an abrupt transition in the ability to antidromically activate cells, first from the brainstem and then from mPFC (Fig. ...
Increased prefrontal activity and reduced motor cortex
... within the scanner because of difficulties having equipment in the magnetic field. Simple movements, such as wrist flexions, are easily made. However, maximum contractions are more difficult as well as more likely to result in movements of the head, which then can lead to poor quality of the data. N ...
... within the scanner because of difficulties having equipment in the magnetic field. Simple movements, such as wrist flexions, are easily made. However, maximum contractions are more difficult as well as more likely to result in movements of the head, which then can lead to poor quality of the data. N ...
Dynamics of Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness Across
... guided by the landmarks on cortical surface (Fig. 1A) and stereotaxic coordinates (Saleem and Logothetis, 2012). A total of five arrays were implanted in Monkey E (two arrays in S1, one in S2, and two in PMv in the left hemisphere) and four arrays in Monkey H (two arrays in S1, one in S2, and one an ...
... guided by the landmarks on cortical surface (Fig. 1A) and stereotaxic coordinates (Saleem and Logothetis, 2012). A total of five arrays were implanted in Monkey E (two arrays in S1, one in S2, and two in PMv in the left hemisphere) and four arrays in Monkey H (two arrays in S1, one in S2, and one an ...
The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks
... behaviors, are reflected in the organization, physiology, and connections between areas of frontal cortex and in their projections through basal ganglia circuits. This comprises a series of parallel pathways. However, this model does not address how information flows between circuits thereby develop ...
... behaviors, are reflected in the organization, physiology, and connections between areas of frontal cortex and in their projections through basal ganglia circuits. This comprises a series of parallel pathways. However, this model does not address how information flows between circuits thereby develop ...