The Molecular Basis of Odor Coding in the Drosophila Antenna
... To further confirm the apparent matches between receptors and ORNs, we represented the tuning of the 24 receptors and the 13 ORNs as vectors in 10-dimensional space, with the dimensions of the space corresponding to the response magnitudes for the 10 volatile test odorants. We then compared the vect ...
... To further confirm the apparent matches between receptors and ORNs, we represented the tuning of the 24 receptors and the 13 ORNs as vectors in 10-dimensional space, with the dimensions of the space corresponding to the response magnitudes for the 10 volatile test odorants. We then compared the vect ...
Somatodendritic dopamine release - Philosophical Transactions of
... neuronal output from the basal ganglia [4], and loss of DA leads to basal ganglia dysfunction and the consequent motor deficits of Parkinson’s disease (PD) [5–8]. Forebrain DA innervation originates in midbrain DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) [ ...
... neuronal output from the basal ganglia [4], and loss of DA leads to basal ganglia dysfunction and the consequent motor deficits of Parkinson’s disease (PD) [5–8]. Forebrain DA innervation originates in midbrain DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) [ ...
PDF
... posture. Stimulation at this site therefore did not specify a fixed set of muscle activations. Instead, the mapping from cortex to muscles depended on arm position in a way that was consistent with specifying a final posture. For most sites (279/324, 86%) tested in the precentral gyrus and the anter ...
... posture. Stimulation at this site therefore did not specify a fixed set of muscle activations. Instead, the mapping from cortex to muscles depended on arm position in a way that was consistent with specifying a final posture. For most sites (279/324, 86%) tested in the precentral gyrus and the anter ...
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... target areas. The basal forebrain cholinergic system is of special interest because it degenerates in a variety of common neurologic diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease, to an extent ...
... target areas. The basal forebrain cholinergic system is of special interest because it degenerates in a variety of common neurologic diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease, to an extent ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... mammalian species (Table 3). Reactive synaptogenesis has often been suggested as a possible explanation for vestibular compensation; although there is evidence to support its occurrence in frog (for example, 66,67), the evidence from lower mammalian species (for example, 5 ,68) suggests that these c ...
... mammalian species (Table 3). Reactive synaptogenesis has often been suggested as a possible explanation for vestibular compensation; although there is evidence to support its occurrence in frog (for example, 66,67), the evidence from lower mammalian species (for example, 5 ,68) suggests that these c ...
connect_review_20150316 - Royal Holloway, University of London
... A current challenge for visual neuroscience is to explain how perception of complex and meaningful objects is achieved. High-level vision is associated with anatomically-focal, functionally-defined brain areas in human occipitotemporal cortex, usually localized using functional magnetic resonance im ...
... A current challenge for visual neuroscience is to explain how perception of complex and meaningful objects is achieved. High-level vision is associated with anatomically-focal, functionally-defined brain areas in human occipitotemporal cortex, usually localized using functional magnetic resonance im ...
in Primate STT Cells Differentially Modulate Brief
... Dickenson 1998). A behavioral study found that the nociceptive responses in the second phase of the formalin test were potentiated by a group II agonist but slightly reduced by a group III agonist (Fisher and Coderre 1996). The present electrophysiological study of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) ...
... Dickenson 1998). A behavioral study found that the nociceptive responses in the second phase of the formalin test were potentiated by a group II agonist but slightly reduced by a group III agonist (Fisher and Coderre 1996). The present electrophysiological study of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) ...
Functional Properties of Parietal Visual Neurons: Mechanisms of
... different parts of its receptive field; often all those preferred directions are aimed inward toward or outward away from the point of fixation, in opposite directions along the 2 halves of single meridians. The intensities of response differ along different meridians, producing asymmetries in their ...
... different parts of its receptive field; often all those preferred directions are aimed inward toward or outward away from the point of fixation, in opposite directions along the 2 halves of single meridians. The intensities of response differ along different meridians, producing asymmetries in their ...
Dynamics of sensory thalamocortical synaptic networks during
... compelling questions in neuroscience. Central to information processing, are neural networks that interconnect the thalamus and the neocortex. Rather than being static, these neural pathways are highly dynamic and modifiable on a moment to moment basis. These dynamic changes occur in response to beh ...
... compelling questions in neuroscience. Central to information processing, are neural networks that interconnect the thalamus and the neocortex. Rather than being static, these neural pathways are highly dynamic and modifiable on a moment to moment basis. These dynamic changes occur in response to beh ...
Ulanovsky et al., 2003
... Coleman Memorial Laboratory, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA ...
... Coleman Memorial Laboratory, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA ...
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni
... sensory stimulation from the conscious visual perception, and therefore providing a gateway to consciousness. How does the brain work when it deals with such ambiguous sensory stimuli? We addressed this question theoretically by employing a biophysically realistic attractor network, by consistently ...
... sensory stimulation from the conscious visual perception, and therefore providing a gateway to consciousness. How does the brain work when it deals with such ambiguous sensory stimuli? We addressed this question theoretically by employing a biophysically realistic attractor network, by consistently ...
Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in
... Figure 1 Activity of LAn neurons during acquisition of fear conditioning. (a) Freezing behavior during the 20-s context (CX) and CSa periods before (pre) and after (post) fear conditioning (*P = 0.004, **P = 0.0007, Newman-Keuls post hoc test). (b) Normalized stimulus-evoked responses (y axis) aver ...
... Figure 1 Activity of LAn neurons during acquisition of fear conditioning. (a) Freezing behavior during the 20-s context (CX) and CSa periods before (pre) and after (post) fear conditioning (*P = 0.004, **P = 0.0007, Newman-Keuls post hoc test). (b) Normalized stimulus-evoked responses (y axis) aver ...
Circuits through prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and ventral anterior
... the VA injection were calculated in three dimensions using the interaural line as reference. To inject neural tracers, 1 week later the monkeys were sedated with ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg, intramuscularly), and given a general anesthetic (sodium pentobarbital, intravenously, to effect) or gas ...
... the VA injection were calculated in three dimensions using the interaural line as reference. To inject neural tracers, 1 week later the monkeys were sedated with ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg, intramuscularly), and given a general anesthetic (sodium pentobarbital, intravenously, to effect) or gas ...
Estradiol, Substance P, and the PI3K-Akt
... Glutamate is the primary signaling molecule in this system, but there are many others involved. Substance P is a tachykinin neuropeptide that acts as both an inflammatory mediator in the periphery and a signaling molecule at the dorsal horn. It contributes to the development of hyperalgesia and cent ...
... Glutamate is the primary signaling molecule in this system, but there are many others involved. Substance P is a tachykinin neuropeptide that acts as both an inflammatory mediator in the periphery and a signaling molecule at the dorsal horn. It contributes to the development of hyperalgesia and cent ...
Representation of Sounds in Auditory Cortex of Awake
... The brain is the most complex computational device known to Man. Not only does it mediate our orientation in both external (physical) and internal worlds, but—even more astonishingly—the brain enables study of itself. Yet, this amazing device is composed of only a limited set of neurons and their co ...
... The brain is the most complex computational device known to Man. Not only does it mediate our orientation in both external (physical) and internal worlds, but—even more astonishingly—the brain enables study of itself. Yet, this amazing device is composed of only a limited set of neurons and their co ...
The habenular nuclei - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... complex. The habenulae form part of the dorsal diencephalic conduction (DDC) system, a highly conserved pathway found in all vertebrates. In this review, we shall describe the neuroanatomy of the DDC, consider its physiology and behavioural involvement, and discuss examples of neural asymmetries wit ...
... complex. The habenulae form part of the dorsal diencephalic conduction (DDC) system, a highly conserved pathway found in all vertebrates. In this review, we shall describe the neuroanatomy of the DDC, consider its physiology and behavioural involvement, and discuss examples of neural asymmetries wit ...
Orexins and fear: implications for the treatment of - e
... Modulation of fear memory by orexins Several recent reports have revealed a role of the orexin system in the regulation of emotional memories. This physiological function is consistent with the existence of bidirectional projections between orexin neurons and brain areas involved in the modulation ...
... Modulation of fear memory by orexins Several recent reports have revealed a role of the orexin system in the regulation of emotional memories. This physiological function is consistent with the existence of bidirectional projections between orexin neurons and brain areas involved in the modulation ...
07.11 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... number of technical limitations. Chief among these is the multisynaptic nature of these pathways and the general inability of conventional tracers to label more than the direct inputs and outputs of an area. To overcome this and other problems, we have used a new approach, retrograde transneuronal t ...
... number of technical limitations. Chief among these is the multisynaptic nature of these pathways and the general inability of conventional tracers to label more than the direct inputs and outputs of an area. To overcome this and other problems, we have used a new approach, retrograde transneuronal t ...
Comparison of the Distributions of lpsilaterally and Contralaterally
... hemifield is interconnected with many other cortical areas in both hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) ...
... hemifield is interconnected with many other cortical areas in both hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) ...
Motif distribution, dynamical properties, and computational
... other anatomical constraints like evolutionary processes or development, but are also advantageous for generic computational operations that are carried out throughout the neocortex. Over the past years detailed statistical data became available that are based on two different experimental methods: ...
... other anatomical constraints like evolutionary processes or development, but are also advantageous for generic computational operations that are carried out throughout the neocortex. Over the past years detailed statistical data became available that are based on two different experimental methods: ...
Descartes` Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
... between impaired rationality and specific brain damage, I examine recent investigations of his modern counterparts and review perti nent findings from neuropsychological research in humans and animals. Further, I propose that human reason depends on several brain systems, working in concert across ...
... between impaired rationality and specific brain damage, I examine recent investigations of his modern counterparts and review perti nent findings from neuropsychological research in humans and animals. Further, I propose that human reason depends on several brain systems, working in concert across ...
High-frequency stimulation in Parkinson`s disease: more
... effect of HFS on STN neuronal membranes (the depolarization block hypothesis) and (ii) ‘preferential’ activation of GABAergic inhibitory afferents to STN neurons. A depolarizing block means that the membrane is so depolarized that spikes become smaller and smaller and finally can no longer be evoked ...
... effect of HFS on STN neuronal membranes (the depolarization block hypothesis) and (ii) ‘preferential’ activation of GABAergic inhibitory afferents to STN neurons. A depolarizing block means that the membrane is so depolarized that spikes become smaller and smaller and finally can no longer be evoked ...
Contextual modulation of primary visual cortex by auditory signals
... one another in V1 and V2, suggesting at least a partially overlapping neural code between real sound and imagined sound in visual cortex. We also tested if we could train our classifier to learn the relationship between response patterns and certain sounds, and then apply this rule to predict the ca ...
... one another in V1 and V2, suggesting at least a partially overlapping neural code between real sound and imagined sound in visual cortex. We also tested if we could train our classifier to learn the relationship between response patterns and certain sounds, and then apply this rule to predict the ca ...
Review Mitochondrial movement and positioning in axons
... mitochondrial motility in the axon? Since the activity of the growth cone has a pronounced influence on the behavior of mitochondria (Morris and Hollenbeck, 1993), we have focused on signals that affect axonal outgrowth, particularly neurotrophins. Neurotrophins are trophic factors that act via the ...
... mitochondrial motility in the axon? Since the activity of the growth cone has a pronounced influence on the behavior of mitochondria (Morris and Hollenbeck, 1993), we have focused on signals that affect axonal outgrowth, particularly neurotrophins. Neurotrophins are trophic factors that act via the ...
Differential effects of 10-Hz and 40
... cuing tasks—one to assess endogenous attention and one to assess exogenous attention. Experimental sessions were conducted in an electrically-shielded, sound-attenuated booth, and stimuli were presented on a cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor positioned 75 cm from the participant, using Presentation sof ...
... cuing tasks—one to assess endogenous attention and one to assess exogenous attention. Experimental sessions were conducted in an electrically-shielded, sound-attenuated booth, and stimuli were presented on a cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor positioned 75 cm from the participant, using Presentation sof ...