Read Here
... School and Dartmouth Giesel School of Medicine. Triple-transgenic animals were generated by breeding Tac1::IRES-cre (Harris et al., 2014) mice to either double-transgenic Pet1::Flpe (Jensen et al., 2008), RC:: FPDi (Ray et al., 2011) mice, Pet1::Flpe, RC::FrePe (Brust et al., 2014) mice, or Pet1::Fl ...
... School and Dartmouth Giesel School of Medicine. Triple-transgenic animals were generated by breeding Tac1::IRES-cre (Harris et al., 2014) mice to either double-transgenic Pet1::Flpe (Jensen et al., 2008), RC:: FPDi (Ray et al., 2011) mice, Pet1::Flpe, RC::FrePe (Brust et al., 2014) mice, or Pet1::Fl ...
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CHAINS
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
Might the olfactory bulb be an origin of olfactory auras in focal
... of auras because the hippocampus does not project axons directly to neocortex to bring such perceptions to conscious awareness, though it is a repository of olfactory memory as with other memories. Multiple olfactory cortical areas transmit signals to hypothalamic neurons of corticotrophin-releasing ...
... of auras because the hippocampus does not project axons directly to neocortex to bring such perceptions to conscious awareness, though it is a repository of olfactory memory as with other memories. Multiple olfactory cortical areas transmit signals to hypothalamic neurons of corticotrophin-releasing ...
On-line Optical Operant Conditioning of Cortical Activity
... Figure 1.2 Organization of motor cortex and related areas ............................................ 17 Figure 1.3 Operant conditioning with Skinner box ............................................................. 19 Figure ...
... Figure 1.2 Organization of motor cortex and related areas ............................................ 17 Figure 1.3 Operant conditioning with Skinner box ............................................................. 19 Figure ...
Stochastic neural network dynamics: synchronisation and control
... from different dendritic branches almost simultaneously. Consequently, inputs must arrive within a short time period to significantly raise the electrical potential at the soma; the timing within this interval affects the magnitude of contribution from each input. When the overall electrical input f ...
... from different dendritic branches almost simultaneously. Consequently, inputs must arrive within a short time period to significantly raise the electrical potential at the soma; the timing within this interval affects the magnitude of contribution from each input. When the overall electrical input f ...
UNC-119 suppresses axon branching
... mutants (Mello et al., 1991). F1 progeny with a wild-type vulval phenotype were selected and scored for GFP expression using fluorescence microscopy. unc-119(ed3); lin-15(n765ts) oxEx150 [pKK11; EK L15] and lin-15(n765ts) oxEx267[pKK11; EK L15] were generated in this manner. We generated unc-119(ed3 ...
... mutants (Mello et al., 1991). F1 progeny with a wild-type vulval phenotype were selected and scored for GFP expression using fluorescence microscopy. unc-119(ed3); lin-15(n765ts) oxEx150 [pKK11; EK L15] and lin-15(n765ts) oxEx267[pKK11; EK L15] were generated in this manner. We generated unc-119(ed3 ...
Planarian shows decision-making behavior in response to multiple
... As an animal survives under exposure to many kinds of stimuli, its nervous system detects sensory cues and converts this information into adaptive movement. For behaviors in response to a simple stimulus, sensory neurons sometimes communicate directly with motor neurons; however, when animals are ex ...
... As an animal survives under exposure to many kinds of stimuli, its nervous system detects sensory cues and converts this information into adaptive movement. For behaviors in response to a simple stimulus, sensory neurons sometimes communicate directly with motor neurons; however, when animals are ex ...
Spike-Wave Complexes and Fast Components of Cortically
... We used this type of faradic stimulation because cortical seizures often contain ripples at 100–120 Hz, both intracellularly and at the EEG level (see Figs. 8 and 14 in Steriade et al. 1998a), and such fast oscillations may have a strong impact on postsynaptic neurons. Intracellularly recorded neuro ...
... We used this type of faradic stimulation because cortical seizures often contain ripples at 100–120 Hz, both intracellularly and at the EEG level (see Figs. 8 and 14 in Steriade et al. 1998a), and such fast oscillations may have a strong impact on postsynaptic neurons. Intracellularly recorded neuro ...
Coincidence Detection or Temporal Integration?
... In cats, SII cortex receives direct projections from the ventrobasal complex (Spreafico et al., 1981; Burton and Kopf, 1984). We recorded neurons in SII cortex instead of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex because receptive fields in SII cortex are larger, and this increased the probability of encoun ...
... In cats, SII cortex receives direct projections from the ventrobasal complex (Spreafico et al., 1981; Burton and Kopf, 1984). We recorded neurons in SII cortex instead of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex because receptive fields in SII cortex are larger, and this increased the probability of encoun ...
Functional Properties of Corticotectal Neurons in the Monkey`s
... (9). Bruce and Goldberg (7) recently reported that only - 19% of frontal eye field neurons have purely postsaccadic activity. The majority of neurons recorded from by Bruce and Goldberg in awake behaving monkeys had some form of activity that preceded visually guided saccadic eye movements, includin ...
... (9). Bruce and Goldberg (7) recently reported that only - 19% of frontal eye field neurons have purely postsaccadic activity. The majority of neurons recorded from by Bruce and Goldberg in awake behaving monkeys had some form of activity that preceded visually guided saccadic eye movements, includin ...
cortical limbic system: a computational model. PhD thesis. htt
... moments. This third factor is modelled by phasic dopaminergic activity which enables long term potentiation to occur during the acquisition of stimulus-reward associations. When a stimulus no longer predicts reward, tonic dopaminergic activity is generated. This enables long term depression. Weak de ...
... moments. This third factor is modelled by phasic dopaminergic activity which enables long term potentiation to occur during the acquisition of stimulus-reward associations. When a stimulus no longer predicts reward, tonic dopaminergic activity is generated. This enables long term depression. Weak de ...
Fig. 1
... demonstrated that axon specification and neuronal polarization occurs during the first 24 h [7], when our study shows a significant change in Hsp90 expression levels. Hence, we studied the morphology and polarization of cultured hippocampal neurons at 3 DIV with or without the previous addition of an H ...
... demonstrated that axon specification and neuronal polarization occurs during the first 24 h [7], when our study shows a significant change in Hsp90 expression levels. Hence, we studied the morphology and polarization of cultured hippocampal neurons at 3 DIV with or without the previous addition of an H ...
Layer II/III of the Prefrontal Cortex: Inhibition by the Serotonin
... al., 2002) during the early postnatal period is sufficient to produce an anxiety-like phenotype in adulthood. Despite the strong association between prefrontal 5-HT1A receptors and adult psychopathology, it has yet to be established whether the 5-HT1A receptor modulates the prefrontal cortex during ...
... al., 2002) during the early postnatal period is sufficient to produce an anxiety-like phenotype in adulthood. Despite the strong association between prefrontal 5-HT1A receptors and adult psychopathology, it has yet to be established whether the 5-HT1A receptor modulates the prefrontal cortex during ...
Hikosaka O - lsr
... Recent studies have revealed that dopamine neurons may receive these reward-related signals from the LHb. A functional MRI (fMRI) study in which human subjects performed a motion-prediction task13 showed that the habenula (in addition to the anterior cingulate cortex and insula) was activated when a ...
... Recent studies have revealed that dopamine neurons may receive these reward-related signals from the LHb. A functional MRI (fMRI) study in which human subjects performed a motion-prediction task13 showed that the habenula (in addition to the anterior cingulate cortex and insula) was activated when a ...
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the control
... (Walker and Davis, 1997), indicating that regulation of glutamatergic transmission in this region is an important target for anxiolytic and ...
... (Walker and Davis, 1997), indicating that regulation of glutamatergic transmission in this region is an important target for anxiolytic and ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... shapes, sizes, and orientations. We studied the activity of 132 task-related neurons during the hand-manipulation tasks in the light and in the dark, as well as during object fixation. Seventy-seven percent (101/132) of the hand-manipulation-related neurons were visually responsive, showing either l ...
... shapes, sizes, and orientations. We studied the activity of 132 task-related neurons during the hand-manipulation tasks in the light and in the dark, as well as during object fixation. Seventy-seven percent (101/132) of the hand-manipulation-related neurons were visually responsive, showing either l ...
Neuronal Activity in Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata during Target
... kHz. Single, biphasic pulses 150 sec in duration were used. Current intensities varied with the searching currents ranging between 200 and 1000 A. Antidromic currents varied between 50 and 400 A (Lemon, 1984). Neurons identified as antidromic had a short (⬍2.0 msec) and consistent latency and wer ...
... kHz. Single, biphasic pulses 150 sec in duration were used. Current intensities varied with the searching currents ranging between 200 and 1000 A. Antidromic currents varied between 50 and 400 A (Lemon, 1984). Neurons identified as antidromic had a short (⬍2.0 msec) and consistent latency and wer ...
The Olfactory Sensory Map in Drosophila
... not the environment per se that is mapped, but the various parts of the body, allowing an animal to determine with precision where it is being touched by a physical stimulus. The auditory system maps sound frequencies along a tonotopic axis in the cochlea and the auditory cortex, allowing sound to b ...
... not the environment per se that is mapped, but the various parts of the body, allowing an animal to determine with precision where it is being touched by a physical stimulus. The auditory system maps sound frequencies along a tonotopic axis in the cochlea and the auditory cortex, allowing sound to b ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
The Diversity of Cortical Interneurons
... It is well established that neurons in the cortex are divided broadly into two major classes: glutamatergic excitatory projection neurons (pyramidal cells) and -aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory local circuit neurons (interneurons). Henceforth, I will refer to interneurons as GABAergic local ...
... It is well established that neurons in the cortex are divided broadly into two major classes: glutamatergic excitatory projection neurons (pyramidal cells) and -aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory local circuit neurons (interneurons). Henceforth, I will refer to interneurons as GABAergic local ...
From Lesions to Leptin: Review Hypothalamic Control of Food
... levels are normalized by refeeding or by leptin administration (Qu et al., 1996). Injection of either MCH or ORX into the lateral ventricle causes rats to eat (Qu et al., 1996; Sakurai et al., 1998). Moreover, targeted deletion of the MCH gene results in decreased food intake and body weight compare ...
... levels are normalized by refeeding or by leptin administration (Qu et al., 1996). Injection of either MCH or ORX into the lateral ventricle causes rats to eat (Qu et al., 1996; Sakurai et al., 1998). Moreover, targeted deletion of the MCH gene results in decreased food intake and body weight compare ...
Warm pleasant feelings in the brain
... from each individualTs dataset were then entered into second-level (group), random effects analyses accounting for both scan-to-scan and subject-to-subject variability. More precisely, the sets of individual statistical maps corresponding to a specific effect of interest were entered as covariates i ...
... from each individualTs dataset were then entered into second-level (group), random effects analyses accounting for both scan-to-scan and subject-to-subject variability. More precisely, the sets of individual statistical maps corresponding to a specific effect of interest were entered as covariates i ...
What is the function of the claustrum? - Christof Koch
... Figure 4. Neuronal cell types in the human claustrum as seen in Golgi preparations. (a) The dominant cell type (type I). They both receive input from cortex and send their axons back there. Their dendrites are covered with spines. (b), (c) At least two types of neurons whose dendrites are devoid of ...
... Figure 4. Neuronal cell types in the human claustrum as seen in Golgi preparations. (a) The dominant cell type (type I). They both receive input from cortex and send their axons back there. Their dendrites are covered with spines. (b), (c) At least two types of neurons whose dendrites are devoid of ...
Autism: A Review of Biological Bases, Assessment, and
... the presynaptic end of a tether between two cells during synapse development (Graf, Zhang, Jin, Linhoff, & Craig, 2005). SHANK3 is a scaffolding protein that assists in dendrite growth and positioning within excitatory synapses (Roussignol et al., 2005). Disruptions in the formation or transportatio ...
... the presynaptic end of a tether between two cells during synapse development (Graf, Zhang, Jin, Linhoff, & Craig, 2005). SHANK3 is a scaffolding protein that assists in dendrite growth and positioning within excitatory synapses (Roussignol et al., 2005). Disruptions in the formation or transportatio ...