Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials Trigger a Plateau Potential in Rat
... Otsuka, Takeshi, Fujio Murakami, and Wen-Jie Song. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials trigger a plateau potential in rat subthalamic neurons at hyperpolarized states. J Neurophysiol 86: 1816 –1825, 2001. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) directly innervates the output structures of the basal ganglia, pl ...
... Otsuka, Takeshi, Fujio Murakami, and Wen-Jie Song. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials trigger a plateau potential in rat subthalamic neurons at hyperpolarized states. J Neurophysiol 86: 1816 –1825, 2001. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) directly innervates the output structures of the basal ganglia, pl ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... 2010; Threlfell et al., 2012) evidence suggests that a major source of this synaptic excitation are the projections from the intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN). Indeed, thalamic input appears necessary for the pause response of TANs in nonhuman primates (Matsumoto et al., 2001). In vivo, electrical ...
... 2010; Threlfell et al., 2012) evidence suggests that a major source of this synaptic excitation are the projections from the intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN). Indeed, thalamic input appears necessary for the pause response of TANs in nonhuman primates (Matsumoto et al., 2001). In vivo, electrical ...
Reverse pharmacology of orexin
... these cells during wakefulness. Orexin neurons might activate another type of cholinergic neurons in the PPT and LDT, which are active in wakefulness as well as the REM-sleep period. Recent work also shows that orexin inhibits cholinergic neurons in the PPT via activation of GABAergic local interneu ...
... these cells during wakefulness. Orexin neurons might activate another type of cholinergic neurons in the PPT and LDT, which are active in wakefulness as well as the REM-sleep period. Recent work also shows that orexin inhibits cholinergic neurons in the PPT via activation of GABAergic local interneu ...
Effect of Tactile Inputs on Thalamic Responses to Noxious
... see Gebhart and Ness 1991). Recent studies, however, have found that the dorsal column-medial lemniscus (DC-ML) system may also play an important role in nociceptive processing, in particular for visceral pain (Al-Chaer 1996a– c; Berkley et al. 1993; Rigamonti et al. 1978). A large number of neurons ...
... see Gebhart and Ness 1991). Recent studies, however, have found that the dorsal column-medial lemniscus (DC-ML) system may also play an important role in nociceptive processing, in particular for visceral pain (Al-Chaer 1996a– c; Berkley et al. 1993; Rigamonti et al. 1978). A large number of neurons ...
Word doc - Center for Neural Science
... throughout the lemniscal auditory system (Calford et al. 1983), including in the ventral division of the medial geniculate thalamus (MGv) that provides the the main auditory input to primary ACx (Roger and Arnault 1989; Romanski and LeDoux 1993). Since MGv neurons project to cortical neurons with th ...
... throughout the lemniscal auditory system (Calford et al. 1983), including in the ventral division of the medial geniculate thalamus (MGv) that provides the the main auditory input to primary ACx (Roger and Arnault 1989; Romanski and LeDoux 1993). Since MGv neurons project to cortical neurons with th ...
nervous tissue, 030717
... Much of the text material is from, “Principles of Anatomy and Physiology” by Gerald J. Tortora and Bryan Derrickson (2009, 2011, and 2014). I don’t claim authorship. Other sources are noted when they are used. The lecture slides are mapped to the three editions of the textbook based on the color-cod ...
... Much of the text material is from, “Principles of Anatomy and Physiology” by Gerald J. Tortora and Bryan Derrickson (2009, 2011, and 2014). I don’t claim authorship. Other sources are noted when they are used. The lecture slides are mapped to the three editions of the textbook based on the color-cod ...
Comparison of Primate Prefrontal and Inferior Temporal
... needed to represent the category of the currently visible test stimulus and several laboratories (Logothetis et al., 1995; Booth and Rolls, 1998; Kowhether it was a categorical match to the sample stimulus. To analyze batake et al., 1998; Baker et al., 2002). No attempt was made to prescreen categor ...
... needed to represent the category of the currently visible test stimulus and several laboratories (Logothetis et al., 1995; Booth and Rolls, 1998; Kowhether it was a categorical match to the sample stimulus. To analyze batake et al., 1998; Baker et al., 2002). No attempt was made to prescreen categor ...
angol tézisfüzet0531
... Involvement of the brainstem noradrenergic and adrenergic cell groups in the NPYimmunoreactive innervation of CRH neurons NPY-, DBH- and PNMT-IR axons densely innervated the parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN. However, the distribution of the three fiber networks showed regional differences. NPY- ...
... Involvement of the brainstem noradrenergic and adrenergic cell groups in the NPYimmunoreactive innervation of CRH neurons NPY-, DBH- and PNMT-IR axons densely innervated the parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN. However, the distribution of the three fiber networks showed regional differences. NPY- ...
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by
... Neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) play a critical role in the regulation of autonomic functions. Previous studies indicated that central activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has beneficial effects on homeostasis, most likely via modulation of the autonomic output. Sirtuins are NAD+ - ...
... Neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) play a critical role in the regulation of autonomic functions. Previous studies indicated that central activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has beneficial effects on homeostasis, most likely via modulation of the autonomic output. Sirtuins are NAD+ - ...
Dopaminergic and Glutamatergic Dysfunctions
... delusions, hallucinations, thought disorder, and disorganized behavior. Negative symptoms refer to a diminishment or absence of characteristics of normal function. They may appear months or years before positive symptoms. They include loss of interest in everyday activities, apparent lack of emotion ...
... delusions, hallucinations, thought disorder, and disorganized behavior. Negative symptoms refer to a diminishment or absence of characteristics of normal function. They may appear months or years before positive symptoms. They include loss of interest in everyday activities, apparent lack of emotion ...
projecting to oculomotor regions of the pons Activity of monkey
... burst neurons in the PPRF. When this inhibition is released, burst neurons generate the pulse of activity required by oculomotoneurons to drive the eye to a new location at high velocity (Luschei and Fuchs 1972; Keller 1974 ). Oculomotor inputs to the cerebellum are used to monitor and regulate sacc ...
... burst neurons in the PPRF. When this inhibition is released, burst neurons generate the pulse of activity required by oculomotoneurons to drive the eye to a new location at high velocity (Luschei and Fuchs 1972; Keller 1974 ). Oculomotor inputs to the cerebellum are used to monitor and regulate sacc ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... both groups were allowed a 6 month recovery after IH exposures before examining sleep–wake behaviors. Surgical implantation of electrodes and electrophysiological recordings followed previously described methods (Veasey et al., 2000, 2004a). After 3d postoperative recovery, mice were connected to co ...
... both groups were allowed a 6 month recovery after IH exposures before examining sleep–wake behaviors. Surgical implantation of electrodes and electrophysiological recordings followed previously described methods (Veasey et al., 2000, 2004a). After 3d postoperative recovery, mice were connected to co ...
Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus
... are reflected in their functional properties and the behaviors in which they are involved, ranging from motor to cognitive functions, and the regulation of brain states. A clue to understand this functional versatility arises from the internal organization of the PPN. Thus, two main areas of the PPN ...
... are reflected in their functional properties and the behaviors in which they are involved, ranging from motor to cognitive functions, and the regulation of brain states. A clue to understand this functional versatility arises from the internal organization of the PPN. Thus, two main areas of the PPN ...
Glucose-sensing neurons: Are they physiologically relevant?
... fashion [29]. McNay et al. show that steady state extracellular glucose levels in the hippocampus of awake adult Spraque –Dawley rats are approximately 1 mM, whereas adult and aged Fischer 344 rats have significantly higher hippocampal glucose levels of 1.2 mM [30]. In contrast, striatal glucose lev ...
... fashion [29]. McNay et al. show that steady state extracellular glucose levels in the hippocampus of awake adult Spraque –Dawley rats are approximately 1 mM, whereas adult and aged Fischer 344 rats have significantly higher hippocampal glucose levels of 1.2 mM [30]. In contrast, striatal glucose lev ...
Frontal Eye Field Sends Delay Activity Related to Movement
... a simple tonic visual response. We found that the FEF sends to the SC a wide assortment of delay activity signals that are related in various ways to movement, memory, and vision. This suggests that the delay activity sent from the FEF to the SC contributes to several different functions during sacc ...
... a simple tonic visual response. We found that the FEF sends to the SC a wide assortment of delay activity signals that are related in various ways to movement, memory, and vision. This suggests that the delay activity sent from the FEF to the SC contributes to several different functions during sacc ...
H-reflex down-conditioning greatly increases the number of
... increases the number of identifiable GABAergic terminals on the motoneuron soma [47]. These terminals might act on metabotrophic receptors to induce the threshold shift underlying downconditioning. Inhibitory terminals on the motoneuron derive mainly from interneurons spinal lamina VI-IX [5,19,22,26 ...
... increases the number of identifiable GABAergic terminals on the motoneuron soma [47]. These terminals might act on metabotrophic receptors to induce the threshold shift underlying downconditioning. Inhibitory terminals on the motoneuron derive mainly from interneurons spinal lamina VI-IX [5,19,22,26 ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... decoded as Cartesian coordinates by neurons at successive processing stages. The implications of this Cartesian coordinate system are discussed with respect to optimal coding strategies and developmental constraints on the cellular implementation of this coding scheme. Key words: sensory maps; insec ...
... decoded as Cartesian coordinates by neurons at successive processing stages. The implications of this Cartesian coordinate system are discussed with respect to optimal coding strategies and developmental constraints on the cellular implementation of this coding scheme. Key words: sensory maps; insec ...
Formation of a full complement of cranial proprioceptors requires
... Neurotrophins are a family of trophic factors essential for the survival and differentiation of neurons. This family includes nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT4). NT3 is essential for the development of proprioception in ...
... Neurotrophins are a family of trophic factors essential for the survival and differentiation of neurons. This family includes nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT4). NT3 is essential for the development of proprioception in ...
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... lecular protein complexes that form these channels comprise numerous subunits with distinct structural and functional features. All mammalian VDICs contain one (Nav, Cav) or four (Kv) transmembrane pore-forming and voltage-sensing subunit(s) termed ␣ (for Nav and Kv) or ␣1 (for Cav). These polypepti ...
... lecular protein complexes that form these channels comprise numerous subunits with distinct structural and functional features. All mammalian VDICs contain one (Nav, Cav) or four (Kv) transmembrane pore-forming and voltage-sensing subunit(s) termed ␣ (for Nav and Kv) or ␣1 (for Cav). These polypepti ...
Neural substrates for conditioned taste aversion in the rat.
... in the thoracolumbar spinal cord [146]. This spinal visceronociceptive information is known to project to the parabrachial nucleus [70], a nucleus receiving also gustatory information. Several researchers [8.141.169] have shown that reliable CTAs can be established when the CS presentation coincides ...
... in the thoracolumbar spinal cord [146]. This spinal visceronociceptive information is known to project to the parabrachial nucleus [70], a nucleus receiving also gustatory information. Several researchers [8.141.169] have shown that reliable CTAs can be established when the CS presentation coincides ...
The Study of Brain Activity in Sleep
... suggested that sleep may be involved in the regulation of learning and brain plasticity. In particular… The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis suggests that wake activities are associated with a potentiation of synaptic connections, and that sleep may have a role in re-normalizing synapses (down-scalin ...
... suggested that sleep may be involved in the regulation of learning and brain plasticity. In particular… The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis suggests that wake activities are associated with a potentiation of synaptic connections, and that sleep may have a role in re-normalizing synapses (down-scalin ...
Introduction - Bowling Green State University
... The mesolimbic dopaminergic system has received considerable attention in the literature due to its involvement in a range of psychological processes and neuropsychiatric diseases. In fact, after the development of the dopaminergic theory of schizophrenia (Carlsson 1974, 1978, 1988, Meltzer & Stahl ...
... The mesolimbic dopaminergic system has received considerable attention in the literature due to its involvement in a range of psychological processes and neuropsychiatric diseases. In fact, after the development of the dopaminergic theory of schizophrenia (Carlsson 1974, 1978, 1988, Meltzer & Stahl ...
Seven principles in the regulation of adult neurogenesis
... level for the remaining time of life. The one existing estimate for humans, even though only based on the number of doublecortinexpressing cells as surrogate measure, shows a very similar pattern (Knoth et al., 2010). The characteristic early decline is often taken as evidence that adult neurogenesi ...
... level for the remaining time of life. The one existing estimate for humans, even though only based on the number of doublecortinexpressing cells as surrogate measure, shows a very similar pattern (Knoth et al., 2010). The characteristic early decline is often taken as evidence that adult neurogenesi ...
the Report - The Lasker Foundation
... examination due to the presence of at least one amblyopia risk factor early in life. These risk factors include deprivation (induced by congenital cataract or ptosis, for example), manifest strabismus of any type (esotropia, exotropia, hypertropia), or anisometropia (asymmetric refractive error) of ...
... examination due to the presence of at least one amblyopia risk factor early in life. These risk factors include deprivation (induced by congenital cataract or ptosis, for example), manifest strabismus of any type (esotropia, exotropia, hypertropia), or anisometropia (asymmetric refractive error) of ...
ATTENTIONAL MODULATION OF VISUAL PROCESSING John H
... attention is directed to a location inside the receptive field (RF), the neuron’s contrast-response threshold is reduced, enabling it to respond to stimuli that would otherwise be too faint to elicit a response. For stimuli presented at intermediate contrasts, spatial attention increases the firing ...
... attention is directed to a location inside the receptive field (RF), the neuron’s contrast-response threshold is reduced, enabling it to respond to stimuli that would otherwise be too faint to elicit a response. For stimuli presented at intermediate contrasts, spatial attention increases the firing ...