Sample
... 18) A group of axons bundled together coated in myelin that travels together through the body is called: A) myelin sheaths. B) nerves. C) the spinal cord. D) a neural network. Correct: Correct. Bundles of myelin-coated axons travel together in cables called nerves. Incorrect: Incorrect. Myelin sheat ...
... 18) A group of axons bundled together coated in myelin that travels together through the body is called: A) myelin sheaths. B) nerves. C) the spinal cord. D) a neural network. Correct: Correct. Bundles of myelin-coated axons travel together in cables called nerves. Incorrect: Incorrect. Myelin sheat ...
University of Groningen Gustatory neural processing in the
... neurons in awake rats, after gustatory stimulation with the standard four taste stimuli 114 and a number of additional stimuli that were chemically or behaviorally related to the standard stimuli 115. Taste neurons in the NTS most often responded best to sucrose (41%), less frequently to citric acid ...
... neurons in awake rats, after gustatory stimulation with the standard four taste stimuli 114 and a number of additional stimuli that were chemically or behaviorally related to the standard stimuli 115. Taste neurons in the NTS most often responded best to sucrose (41%), less frequently to citric acid ...
Module 10 - Neuronal Signalling
... Within each region, neurons are connected to each other to form neural circuits of bewildering complexity. To function in such circuits, each neuron must receive and process information entering from one set of neurons and then relay signals to other neurons in the circuit. The neuronal processes of ...
... Within each region, neurons are connected to each other to form neural circuits of bewildering complexity. To function in such circuits, each neuron must receive and process information entering from one set of neurons and then relay signals to other neurons in the circuit. The neuronal processes of ...
thyroid hormones in brain development and
... circulation, and in part is formed locally by 5’-deiodination of T4, mediated by Dio2 in the astrocytes, in proportions that depend on the developmental stage. T4 and T3 are degraded by Dio3 present in neurons. Entry of T4 and T3 in brain is facilitated by specific transmembrane transporters, mainly ...
... circulation, and in part is formed locally by 5’-deiodination of T4, mediated by Dio2 in the astrocytes, in proportions that depend on the developmental stage. T4 and T3 are degraded by Dio3 present in neurons. Entry of T4 and T3 in brain is facilitated by specific transmembrane transporters, mainly ...
Relationship of Prefrontal Connections to Inhibitory Systems in Superior Temporal
... evidence in both human and non-human primates that all prefrontal cortices have a role in inhibitory control, albeit within the domain of their specialization (for reviews see Shimamura, 1995; Roberts and Wallis, 2000). The phenomenon of inhibitory control is exemplified at the functional level in th ...
... evidence in both human and non-human primates that all prefrontal cortices have a role in inhibitory control, albeit within the domain of their specialization (for reviews see Shimamura, 1995; Roberts and Wallis, 2000). The phenomenon of inhibitory control is exemplified at the functional level in th ...
Multimodal Integration in Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Provides an
... signals underlies the accurate computation of body motion. Furthermore, the same neurons that encode body motion (i.e., bimodal neurons) most likely encode vestibular signals in a body-referenced coordinate frame, since the integration of proprioceptive and vestibular information is required for bot ...
... signals underlies the accurate computation of body motion. Furthermore, the same neurons that encode body motion (i.e., bimodal neurons) most likely encode vestibular signals in a body-referenced coordinate frame, since the integration of proprioceptive and vestibular information is required for bot ...
SLEEP
... ‘the rules of dreaming are not general, and therefore cannot satisfy all persons, but often, according to times and persons, they admit of varied interpretations.’ ...
... ‘the rules of dreaming are not general, and therefore cannot satisfy all persons, but often, according to times and persons, they admit of varied interpretations.’ ...
- Columbia University Medical Center
... are also expressed by proprioceptive sensory neurons, raising the possibility that cadherins regulate additional steps in the development of sensory-motor circuits. Introduction Many hundreds of neuronal cell types are generated during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a ...
... are also expressed by proprioceptive sensory neurons, raising the possibility that cadherins regulate additional steps in the development of sensory-motor circuits. Introduction Many hundreds of neuronal cell types are generated during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a ...
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Reelin Signaling in the Adult
... demonstrate a specific context in which Reelin signaling may be initiated in the intact brain and further emphasize that extracellular proteolysis of Reelin by tPA and other yet-to-be identified proteases is important to consider when trying to understand how altered Reelin processing and/or express ...
... demonstrate a specific context in which Reelin signaling may be initiated in the intact brain and further emphasize that extracellular proteolysis of Reelin by tPA and other yet-to-be identified proteases is important to consider when trying to understand how altered Reelin processing and/or express ...
GABAergic neuron distribution in the pedunculopontine nucleus
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
2011-Morrison and Nakamura_review
... degrees by different species. Although the experimental basis to be described for the model in Figure 2 has been determined largely from studies in rodents and often under anesthetized conditions, the fundamental neural circuits elucidated through this work are expected to exist across a wide variet ...
... degrees by different species. Although the experimental basis to be described for the model in Figure 2 has been determined largely from studies in rodents and often under anesthetized conditions, the fundamental neural circuits elucidated through this work are expected to exist across a wide variet ...
Learned Movements Elicited by Direct Stimulation of Cerebellar
... the forelimb CS alone, which caused extinction of forelimb-elicited CRs. When MCP stimulation was then applied, no CRs were present. Thus, the responses elicited by MCP stimulation were dependent on the animal’s being conditioned to a peripheral CS. Third, the reverse of the previous experiment was ...
... the forelimb CS alone, which caused extinction of forelimb-elicited CRs. When MCP stimulation was then applied, no CRs were present. Thus, the responses elicited by MCP stimulation were dependent on the animal’s being conditioned to a peripheral CS. Third, the reverse of the previous experiment was ...
Stereoscopic Processing of Absolute and Relative Disparity in
... signal should be a consequence of the reduction in response from adapted neurons selective for the attribute being tested. The major advantage of this approach is that it targets specific subpopulations of neurons, as response differences can be referred back to adaptation-tagged neurons (Grill-Spec ...
... signal should be a consequence of the reduction in response from adapted neurons selective for the attribute being tested. The major advantage of this approach is that it targets specific subpopulations of neurons, as response differences can be referred back to adaptation-tagged neurons (Grill-Spec ...
Connections Between the Retrosplenial Cortex and the
... The retrosplenial cortex is situated at the crossroads between the hippocampal formation and many areas of the neocortex, but few studies have examined the connections between the hippocampal formation and the retrosplenial cortex in detail. Each subdivision of the retrosplenial cortex projects to a ...
... The retrosplenial cortex is situated at the crossroads between the hippocampal formation and many areas of the neocortex, but few studies have examined the connections between the hippocampal formation and the retrosplenial cortex in detail. Each subdivision of the retrosplenial cortex projects to a ...
Here follows a list of recently published papers
... cell body represent ongoing experience, while dendrites help to store that experience as a memory http://t.co/avwjFHZA7z Deficiency of prion protein: impaired autophagic flux in neurons http://bit.ly/1mFLiM3 CA3 size predicts the precision of memory recall http://bit.ly/1mukcG9 " A Role for Tac2, Nk ...
... cell body represent ongoing experience, while dendrites help to store that experience as a memory http://t.co/avwjFHZA7z Deficiency of prion protein: impaired autophagic flux in neurons http://bit.ly/1mFLiM3 CA3 size predicts the precision of memory recall http://bit.ly/1mukcG9 " A Role for Tac2, Nk ...
Spike-based Winner-Take-All Computation in a Multi
... capability of biological systems with the real world. Taking inspiration from key principles of biological information processing systems to improve our artificial systems is a logical step. Many differences between biological and artificial computational architectures have been pointed out, such as ...
... capability of biological systems with the real world. Taking inspiration from key principles of biological information processing systems to improve our artificial systems is a logical step. Many differences between biological and artificial computational architectures have been pointed out, such as ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... neurons), which project to the thalamus, and subcerebral projection neurons (corticospinal and related corticobrainstem), which project more caudally to the tectum, pons, and spinal cord. These distinct subtypes of cortical projection neurons are born in a tightly orchestrated sequence and reside at ...
... neurons), which project to the thalamus, and subcerebral projection neurons (corticospinal and related corticobrainstem), which project more caudally to the tectum, pons, and spinal cord. These distinct subtypes of cortical projection neurons are born in a tightly orchestrated sequence and reside at ...
the human entorhinal cortex
... The human entorhinal cortex is located in the ventromedial portion of the temporal lobe and consists of eight subfields. It has reciprocal connections with the hippocampus and various other cortical and subcortical structures, and thus forms an integral component of the medial temporal lobe memory s ...
... The human entorhinal cortex is located in the ventromedial portion of the temporal lobe and consists of eight subfields. It has reciprocal connections with the hippocampus and various other cortical and subcortical structures, and thus forms an integral component of the medial temporal lobe memory s ...
Evidence that GABA augmentation of norepinephrine release is mediated by interneurons
... For KCl stimulation, slices were perfused as described above for a 40-min washout period at a flow rate of 1 mlr3 min. Following the washout period, up to 20 consecutive 3.0 min fractions were collected for each slice. After collection of 3 baseline samples, 20 mM KCl with either 100 m M GABA or veh ...
... For KCl stimulation, slices were perfused as described above for a 40-min washout period at a flow rate of 1 mlr3 min. Following the washout period, up to 20 consecutive 3.0 min fractions were collected for each slice. After collection of 3 baseline samples, 20 mM KCl with either 100 m M GABA or veh ...
Neural Control of the Pancreas
... functions in control conditions is not completely understood, however. Chemical ablation of pancreatic sensory nerves has been shown to increase (37) or have no effect (38) on glucosestimulated insulin secretion, suggesting that sensory nerves may exert tonic inhibition of insulin secretion. Similar ...
... functions in control conditions is not completely understood, however. Chemical ablation of pancreatic sensory nerves has been shown to increase (37) or have no effect (38) on glucosestimulated insulin secretion, suggesting that sensory nerves may exert tonic inhibition of insulin secretion. Similar ...
For Peer Review - diss.fu
... Hemisphere for injections into VTA was randomized prior to each experiment. The retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG; 2-hydroxy-4,4-diamino-stilbene, 1% in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4; Fluorochrome, Denver, CO, USA) was either injected into the MnR or the DR of the rat. In addition, all rats receive ...
... Hemisphere for injections into VTA was randomized prior to each experiment. The retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG; 2-hydroxy-4,4-diamino-stilbene, 1% in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4; Fluorochrome, Denver, CO, USA) was either injected into the MnR or the DR of the rat. In addition, all rats receive ...
Contrasting Effects of Reward Expectation on Sensory and Motor
... The mean discharge rate in each task period was compared with that in the pre-cue ‘control’ period (the 1 s duration before the cue onset) to examine whether the neuron showed significant task-related activities. If the mean discharge rate in a given period was significantly different from that in the ...
... The mean discharge rate in each task period was compared with that in the pre-cue ‘control’ period (the 1 s duration before the cue onset) to examine whether the neuron showed significant task-related activities. If the mean discharge rate in a given period was significantly different from that in the ...
Selective attention through selective neuronal synchronization
... Selective synchronization and selective attentional processing 1c). Consistent with this hypothesis, the interaction pattern of one neuronal group (A) with two other groups (B and C) can be predicted by their pattern of precise synchronization (Figure 1c). This has recently been demonstrated for in ...
... Selective synchronization and selective attentional processing 1c). Consistent with this hypothesis, the interaction pattern of one neuronal group (A) with two other groups (B and C) can be predicted by their pattern of precise synchronization (Figure 1c). This has recently been demonstrated for in ...
Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide Medial Vestibular Nucleus
... gen). Reactions were then incubated at 50°C for 1 h and 75°C for 10 min mouse line with a fluorescently labeled population distinct from that of and stored at 4°C. Positive controls [whole-brain RNA preparations GIN neurons, we examined mice generated by insertion of a modified (RNeasy kit; Qiagen, ...
... gen). Reactions were then incubated at 50°C for 1 h and 75°C for 10 min mouse line with a fluorescently labeled population distinct from that of and stored at 4°C. Positive controls [whole-brain RNA preparations GIN neurons, we examined mice generated by insertion of a modified (RNeasy kit; Qiagen, ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Skill: Factual Objective: 2.1 Answer: e. Neuroscience 4. Because the human brain is born already programmed for language, we can say that language is a(n) ________ behavioral tendency. a. essential b. critical c. innate Correct. An innate tendency is something that is ready to develop from birth, an ...
... Skill: Factual Objective: 2.1 Answer: e. Neuroscience 4. Because the human brain is born already programmed for language, we can say that language is a(n) ________ behavioral tendency. a. essential b. critical c. innate Correct. An innate tendency is something that is ready to develop from birth, an ...