Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human
... during the session. For each voxel in the volume, the linear trend in the fMRI time series was subtracted to remove any slow signal drift, typical in fMRI signals, and the time series was divided by its mean intensity, converting the data from the arbitrary intensity scale from the MRI scanner to un ...
... during the session. For each voxel in the volume, the linear trend in the fMRI time series was subtracted to remove any slow signal drift, typical in fMRI signals, and the time series was divided by its mean intensity, converting the data from the arbitrary intensity scale from the MRI scanner to un ...
Decreased cohesin in the brain leads to defective synapse
... A bnormal epigenetic regulation can cause the nervous system to develop abnormally. Here, we sought to understand the mechanism by which this occurs by investigating the protein complex cohesin, which is considered to regulate gene expression and, when defective, is associated with higher-level brai ...
... A bnormal epigenetic regulation can cause the nervous system to develop abnormally. Here, we sought to understand the mechanism by which this occurs by investigating the protein complex cohesin, which is considered to regulate gene expression and, when defective, is associated with higher-level brai ...
Galanin-like peptide: a key player in the homeostatic regulation of
... receptor-expressing neurons that express neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related protein and galanin.32,36–38 GALP has been shown to be coexpressed with a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which is derived from pro-opiomelanocortin in neurons in the ARC,36 with orexin-1 receptor immunoreactivity also bein ...
... receptor-expressing neurons that express neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related protein and galanin.32,36–38 GALP has been shown to be coexpressed with a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which is derived from pro-opiomelanocortin in neurons in the ARC,36 with orexin-1 receptor immunoreactivity also bein ...
Resonance properties of different neuronal populations in the
... field potential supports the model of phases of encoding and retrieval. The phasic changes in current sinks result from the synaptic transmissions. In vitro studies revealed that stimulation on the peak of theta wave causes LTP, while stimulation on the trough causes long-term depression (LTD). LTP ...
... field potential supports the model of phases of encoding and retrieval. The phasic changes in current sinks result from the synaptic transmissions. In vitro studies revealed that stimulation on the peak of theta wave causes LTP, while stimulation on the trough causes long-term depression (LTD). LTP ...
Propagation of Epileptiform Events across the Corpus Callosum in a
... [4–7]. These studies suggest that the callosal circuits serve as routes for seizure generalization. Callosal circuits can also demonstrate synaptic potentiation, implying a neuronal plasticity in these circuits that may play an active role in epileptogenesis [8,9]. The role of the callosum in genera ...
... [4–7]. These studies suggest that the callosal circuits serve as routes for seizure generalization. Callosal circuits can also demonstrate synaptic potentiation, implying a neuronal plasticity in these circuits that may play an active role in epileptogenesis [8,9]. The role of the callosum in genera ...
Lateral Hypothalamus Contains Two Types of Palatability
... stimulus delivery design remained the same from day to day, the electrodes were sometimes moved in 0.075 mm increments between recording days to sample more of the LH neuropil, and to obtain fresh units for each recording session. Across all recording days, the electrodes were moved up to a total of ...
... stimulus delivery design remained the same from day to day, the electrodes were sometimes moved in 0.075 mm increments between recording days to sample more of the LH neuropil, and to obtain fresh units for each recording session. Across all recording days, the electrodes were moved up to a total of ...
The Wick in the Candle of Learning
... cats and monkeys) will expend resources to find out information they are curious about, much as rats will work for a food reward (Loewenstein, 1994). On the basis of this observation, we hypothesized that the striatum would be linked to curiosity because a growing body of evidence suggests that acti ...
... cats and monkeys) will expend resources to find out information they are curious about, much as rats will work for a food reward (Loewenstein, 1994). On the basis of this observation, we hypothesized that the striatum would be linked to curiosity because a growing body of evidence suggests that acti ...
Subunit Composition of N-Methyl-D
... development (Carmignoto and Vicini, 1992). A few studies have examined the subunit composition of native NMDA receptors with emphasis on the compositions of NMDA receptors containing NR1, NR2A, and NR2B subunits using immunoprecipitations with subunit-specific antibodies. Results from these studies ...
... development (Carmignoto and Vicini, 1992). A few studies have examined the subunit composition of native NMDA receptors with emphasis on the compositions of NMDA receptors containing NR1, NR2A, and NR2B subunits using immunoprecipitations with subunit-specific antibodies. Results from these studies ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... patterns used in the DMS trials and the visual cues. Some response properties such as DMS pattern-related stimulus selectivity were similar. However, TE and perirhinal neurons also show strikingly different response properties. The latency distribution of perirhinal responses is centered 66 ms later ...
... patterns used in the DMS trials and the visual cues. Some response properties such as DMS pattern-related stimulus selectivity were similar. However, TE and perirhinal neurons also show strikingly different response properties. The latency distribution of perirhinal responses is centered 66 ms later ...
Neural mechanisms of stimulus generalization in auditory fear
... elicit responses characteristically elicited by threatening stimuli. In this behavioral paradigm, the amygdala has been identified has a key neural substrate for associative fear learning, and the site where unconditioned stimuli (US) and conditioned (CS) auditory stimuli come to be associated. Audi ...
... elicit responses characteristically elicited by threatening stimuli. In this behavioral paradigm, the amygdala has been identified has a key neural substrate for associative fear learning, and the site where unconditioned stimuli (US) and conditioned (CS) auditory stimuli come to be associated. Audi ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
Do superior colliculus projection zones in the inferior pulvinar
... Histology and anatomical analysis Twelve to 24 h after perfusion, the cortex and brainstem (including the thalamus) were cut into 40–50-µm sections on a freezing microtome. A block of flattened cortex containing the MT and other visual areas was cut parallel to the surface, and divided into three se ...
... Histology and anatomical analysis Twelve to 24 h after perfusion, the cortex and brainstem (including the thalamus) were cut into 40–50-µm sections on a freezing microtome. A block of flattened cortex containing the MT and other visual areas was cut parallel to the surface, and divided into three se ...
morphology and synaptic connections of ultrafine primary axons
... laminae I and II. These studies have led to two different interpretations as to how these axons are distributed in these laminae. One interpretation is based on light (La Motte, 1977) and electron microscopical (EM) (Ralston and Ralston, 1979) degeneration studies as well as on studies in which phys ...
... laminae I and II. These studies have led to two different interpretations as to how these axons are distributed in these laminae. One interpretation is based on light (La Motte, 1977) and electron microscopical (EM) (Ralston and Ralston, 1979) degeneration studies as well as on studies in which phys ...
Afferent Fiber Remodeling in the Somatosensory Thalamus of Mice
... evidence from the neural circuit level to the systems level, the linkage between particular neural circuitry remodeling and the somatotopic reorganization that would ultimately lead to abnormal ectopic sensation remains unclear. This is mainly because the somatotopic information that remodeled axon ...
... evidence from the neural circuit level to the systems level, the linkage between particular neural circuitry remodeling and the somatotopic reorganization that would ultimately lead to abnormal ectopic sensation remains unclear. This is mainly because the somatotopic information that remodeled axon ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... principal sleep-promoting cell group within the POA and BFB (Sherin et al., 1996). More recent c-fos studies found other sleep-promoting cell groups, as well as waking-promoting ones, in the POA and BFB (Gong et al., 2000; Gvilia et al., 2006; Modirrousta et al., 2004). However, c-fos expression stu ...
... principal sleep-promoting cell group within the POA and BFB (Sherin et al., 1996). More recent c-fos studies found other sleep-promoting cell groups, as well as waking-promoting ones, in the POA and BFB (Gong et al., 2000; Gvilia et al., 2006; Modirrousta et al., 2004). However, c-fos expression stu ...
Dokument_1 - KLUEDO - Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
... ascending pathway, which connects the spiral ganglion and the auditory cortex, is schematically shown in Figure 1.1. For detailed descriptions of the neuroanatomy of the auditory pathways, see Irvine (1986; 1992), Webster et al. (1992), Cant (1997), and ...
... ascending pathway, which connects the spiral ganglion and the auditory cortex, is schematically shown in Figure 1.1. For detailed descriptions of the neuroanatomy of the auditory pathways, see Irvine (1986; 1992), Webster et al. (1992), Cant (1997), and ...
Neurobiological mechanisms of puberty in higher primates
... pulsatility in this neuronal network, the so-called GnRH pulse generator, is intrinsic to the GnRH neurons themselves (Wetsel et al., 1992; Terasawa et al., 1999, 2002), the ability of rat retrochiasmatic hypothalamic explants (where GnRH axons have been severed from their cell bodies) to sustain pu ...
... pulsatility in this neuronal network, the so-called GnRH pulse generator, is intrinsic to the GnRH neurons themselves (Wetsel et al., 1992; Terasawa et al., 1999, 2002), the ability of rat retrochiasmatic hypothalamic explants (where GnRH axons have been severed from their cell bodies) to sustain pu ...
Structure-Function Relationships in Rat Brainstem Subnucleus
... Fig. 13g), at which point more narrow angles were subtended, although never to the extent that one bouton linked more than two connectors; or (2) it was impossible to use a greater than 90” connector, such as at an extreme jagged edge of a terminal cluster (e.g., the dorsolateral edge of the arbor i ...
... Fig. 13g), at which point more narrow angles were subtended, although never to the extent that one bouton linked more than two connectors; or (2) it was impossible to use a greater than 90” connector, such as at an extreme jagged edge of a terminal cluster (e.g., the dorsolateral edge of the arbor i ...
Why Are Olfactory Systems of Different Animals So Similar?
... to be an excellent model for anatomical and electrophysiological studies because of its large brain and large, accessible antennae; in contrast, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is more suitable for molecular and genetic studies, but because of its small size fewer anatomical and electrophysiol ...
... to be an excellent model for anatomical and electrophysiological studies because of its large brain and large, accessible antennae; in contrast, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is more suitable for molecular and genetic studies, but because of its small size fewer anatomical and electrophysiol ...
BMC Neuroscience
... There is general agreement that commissural projections originate mostly from the homotopic area, and to a lesser extent from neighboring areas [e.g., [6-9]], and involve predominantly neurons in supragranular layers [reviewed in [10-12]]. It has been suggested that geographic distance is a determin ...
... There is general agreement that commissural projections originate mostly from the homotopic area, and to a lesser extent from neighboring areas [e.g., [6-9]], and involve predominantly neurons in supragranular layers [reviewed in [10-12]]. It has been suggested that geographic distance is a determin ...
Propofol Inhibits Neuronal Firing Activities in the Caudal
... Some neuronal firings are of high frequency and some are of low frequency. This indicates that different types of neurons exist in the CVLM and possibly display different firing patterns or functions. For example, much evidence demonstrates that projecting neurons in the CVLM can transmit electrical ...
... Some neuronal firings are of high frequency and some are of low frequency. This indicates that different types of neurons exist in the CVLM and possibly display different firing patterns or functions. For example, much evidence demonstrates that projecting neurons in the CVLM can transmit electrical ...
Temporal modulation of the dynamics of neuronal networks with
... Second, we further investigated the impact of dACC temporal signals on the downstream decoder by developing mean- eld equations to analyze network dynamics. We used an adapting single neuron model that mimics the response of cortical neurons to realistic dynamic synaptic-like currents. We approximat ...
... Second, we further investigated the impact of dACC temporal signals on the downstream decoder by developing mean- eld equations to analyze network dynamics. We used an adapting single neuron model that mimics the response of cortical neurons to realistic dynamic synaptic-like currents. We approximat ...
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... the corticopontine projection (A) which carries this higher-order from, the cerebellum. The pontocerebellarprojedon is mostly crossed information (as well as sensorimotor inputs) from the cerebral cortex to (70-80yo). so that the right pons is connected more strongiy with the the nuclei situated in ...
... the corticopontine projection (A) which carries this higher-order from, the cerebellum. The pontocerebellarprojedon is mostly crossed information (as well as sensorimotor inputs) from the cerebral cortex to (70-80yo). so that the right pons is connected more strongiy with the the nuclei situated in ...
Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets
... 4 transmembrane domains that form the ion channel, and an extracellular C-terminus. The superfamily can be divided into subfamilies which include the ionotropic glutamate receptors, the cys-loop receptor family, and ATP-gated channels. As reviewed by Connolly and Wafford [42] and Kozuska and Paulsen ...
... 4 transmembrane domains that form the ion channel, and an extracellular C-terminus. The superfamily can be divided into subfamilies which include the ionotropic glutamate receptors, the cys-loop receptor family, and ATP-gated channels. As reviewed by Connolly and Wafford [42] and Kozuska and Paulsen ...
A Critical Review of Secondary Neurodegeneration
... molecular structure that allows it to assume a large variety of configurations within the central nervous system, each of which appears to result in quite distinct biological effects [13,14]. This issue of specificity with respect to configuration state of amyloid-β is not simply academic matter for ...
... molecular structure that allows it to assume a large variety of configurations within the central nervous system, each of which appears to result in quite distinct biological effects [13,14]. This issue of specificity with respect to configuration state of amyloid-β is not simply academic matter for ...