Mechanisms of Sleep Control - UCLA Integrative Center for
... The most caudal region implicated in NREM sleep control is the region of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Low-frequency stimulation of this structure can produce short-latency sleep onset (Magnes et al., 1961). Stimulation of the baroreceptor afferents to this area can also produce rapid sleep ons ...
... The most caudal region implicated in NREM sleep control is the region of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Low-frequency stimulation of this structure can produce short-latency sleep onset (Magnes et al., 1961). Stimulation of the baroreceptor afferents to this area can also produce rapid sleep ons ...
Presynaptic Inhibition of Exteroceptive Afferents by Proprioceptive
... modified within the terminals of the sensory neurons themselves,by meansof presynaptic inhibition. Presynaptic inhibition alters the ability of an action potential to causetransmitter releaseand, in both vertebrates and invertebrates, may result from the activation of other sensory afferents in the ...
... modified within the terminals of the sensory neurons themselves,by meansof presynaptic inhibition. Presynaptic inhibition alters the ability of an action potential to causetransmitter releaseand, in both vertebrates and invertebrates, may result from the activation of other sensory afferents in the ...
Essential Roles for GSK-3s and GSK-3
... GSK-3 activity led to a defect in axon development in hippocampal neurons. However, Wnts also reportedly stimulate the extension of postcrossing commissural axons (Lyuksyutova et al., 2003). Further, two recent studies showed that formation of multiple long axons was induced in hippocampal cultures ...
... GSK-3 activity led to a defect in axon development in hippocampal neurons. However, Wnts also reportedly stimulate the extension of postcrossing commissural axons (Lyuksyutova et al., 2003). Further, two recent studies showed that formation of multiple long axons was induced in hippocampal cultures ...
Circadian clocks in crustaceans: identified neuronal and cellular systems
... The core concept of the biological clock builds upon autonomously oscillating neurons or sets of neurons showing circadian rhythms of activity. If certain rhythmicity is lost after accidental loss or experimental inactivation of the respective cells, thereby showing to be both necessary and sufficie ...
... The core concept of the biological clock builds upon autonomously oscillating neurons or sets of neurons showing circadian rhythms of activity. If certain rhythmicity is lost after accidental loss or experimental inactivation of the respective cells, thereby showing to be both necessary and sufficie ...
![[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003492398_1-2708bc56966b4cab721b0073b5bc49ec-300x300.png)
[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the
... was affected by the spontaneous firing rate. In the presence of the Na+ channel antagonist, TTX (0.5 µM), glutamate increased [Ca2+]c by activating different glutamate receptors depending on the glutamate concentration used. Addition of glutamate at low concentrations (<3 µM) raised [Ca2+]c mainly b ...
... was affected by the spontaneous firing rate. In the presence of the Na+ channel antagonist, TTX (0.5 µM), glutamate increased [Ca2+]c by activating different glutamate receptors depending on the glutamate concentration used. Addition of glutamate at low concentrations (<3 µM) raised [Ca2+]c mainly b ...
Axon Initial Segment Cytoskeleton: Architecture, Development, and
... Figure 1: Architecture of the axon initial segment (AIS) and its key protein components. ((a), top) Neuron polarity. Polarized neurons receive synaptic inputs in the somatodendritic domain (green), which transmits the signals through the axon hillock to the axon initial segment (red). The AIS integr ...
... Figure 1: Architecture of the axon initial segment (AIS) and its key protein components. ((a), top) Neuron polarity. Polarized neurons receive synaptic inputs in the somatodendritic domain (green), which transmits the signals through the axon hillock to the axon initial segment (red). The AIS integr ...
Chapter 2 Reivew of Lierature
... abuse could alter gene expression in the brain. These include altered rates of transcription of genes, altered processing of primary RNA transcripts into mature mRNAs, altered translation of these mRNAs into proteins, altered processing of proteins, and altered trafficking of mature proteins to thei ...
... abuse could alter gene expression in the brain. These include altered rates of transcription of genes, altered processing of primary RNA transcripts into mature mRNAs, altered translation of these mRNAs into proteins, altered processing of proteins, and altered trafficking of mature proteins to thei ...
5-HT Receptor Regulation of Neurotransmitter Release
... as prefrontal neocortical dopamine or neocortical acetylcholine release, respectively. Conversely, attenuated GABA release in response to activation of inhibitory 5-HT heteroreceptors, e.g., 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B receptors on GABAergic interneurons is involved in paradoxical facilitation of hippocampal a ...
... as prefrontal neocortical dopamine or neocortical acetylcholine release, respectively. Conversely, attenuated GABA release in response to activation of inhibitory 5-HT heteroreceptors, e.g., 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B receptors on GABAergic interneurons is involved in paradoxical facilitation of hippocampal a ...
Histamine in the Nervous System
... gray matter contain a significant component of brain histamine, a pool that turns over much more slowly than neuronal histamine (144, 268, 577). Mast cells can rapidly enter the brain, particularly under pathological conditions (751). Their number also varies greatly between species, regions, time o ...
... gray matter contain a significant component of brain histamine, a pool that turns over much more slowly than neuronal histamine (144, 268, 577). Mast cells can rapidly enter the brain, particularly under pathological conditions (751). Their number also varies greatly between species, regions, time o ...
Thalamocortical neuron loss and localized astrocytosis in the Cln3
... thalamus and hypothalamus; 400 Am cerebellum) was superimposed over Nissl-stained sections and the number of points covering the relevant areas counted using 2.5 objective. Regional volumes were expressed in Am3 and the mean volume of each region calculated for control and homozygous Cln3 Dex7/8 mi ...
... thalamus and hypothalamus; 400 Am cerebellum) was superimposed over Nissl-stained sections and the number of points covering the relevant areas counted using 2.5 objective. Regional volumes were expressed in Am3 and the mean volume of each region calculated for control and homozygous Cln3 Dex7/8 mi ...
Same Spinal Interneurons Mediate Reflex Actions of Group Ib and
... might contribute to centrally initiated movements mediated by RS neurons. With respect to group II interneurons it has already been established that they are affected by commissural interneurons activated by contralateral group II afferents (Arya et al. 1991; Bajwa et al. 1992) but it remained unkno ...
... might contribute to centrally initiated movements mediated by RS neurons. With respect to group II interneurons it has already been established that they are affected by commissural interneurons activated by contralateral group II afferents (Arya et al. 1991; Bajwa et al. 1992) but it remained unkno ...
Examination of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
... present in the anterior pituitary, intestine, placenta and thyroid gland [16, 20]. In rats, D1 is also present in the cerebral cortex with relatively low activity, but in humans, D1 is absent from the CNS [21, 22]. The main source of extra-thyroidal T3 is type 2 deiodinase (D2) that converts T4 to T ...
... present in the anterior pituitary, intestine, placenta and thyroid gland [16, 20]. In rats, D1 is also present in the cerebral cortex with relatively low activity, but in humans, D1 is absent from the CNS [21, 22]. The main source of extra-thyroidal T3 is type 2 deiodinase (D2) that converts T4 to T ...
Electrophysiological markers of Rapid Eye Movements in
... spatial and temporal limitations of non-invasive electrophysiological or imaging studies, it is hard to be conclusive. In addition, other imaging or neurosurgical studies challenged the idea that only brainstem was involved in REMs generation (Doricchi, Iaria et al. 2007; Hong, Harris et al. 2009). ...
... spatial and temporal limitations of non-invasive electrophysiological or imaging studies, it is hard to be conclusive. In addition, other imaging or neurosurgical studies challenged the idea that only brainstem was involved in REMs generation (Doricchi, Iaria et al. 2007; Hong, Harris et al. 2009). ...
Glial cell biology in Drosophila and vertebrates
... Corresponding author: Freeman, M.R. ([email protected]). ...
... Corresponding author: Freeman, M.R. ([email protected]). ...
neuropathology of dopamine systems in schizophrenia
... dopaminergic neurons. This pigmentation is due to the presence of neuromelanin, which is a byproduct of the metabolism of dopamine, giving the SN its distinct dark color (Double et al., 2000; Zecca et al., 2008). Within this mesodiencephalic dopaminergic complex, the VTA is located medial to the SN, ...
... dopaminergic neurons. This pigmentation is due to the presence of neuromelanin, which is a byproduct of the metabolism of dopamine, giving the SN its distinct dark color (Double et al., 2000; Zecca et al., 2008). Within this mesodiencephalic dopaminergic complex, the VTA is located medial to the SN, ...
Dopaminergic control of the globus pallidus and its impact
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... This function quickly reaches an asymptotic linear behavior A threshold-linear function is often used to approximate the gain function of IF-neurons Fig. 3.3 Gain function of a leaky integrateand-fire neuron for several values of the reset potential ures and refractory time tref. ...
... This function quickly reaches an asymptotic linear behavior A threshold-linear function is often used to approximate the gain function of IF-neurons Fig. 3.3 Gain function of a leaky integrateand-fire neuron for several values of the reset potential ures and refractory time tref. ...
Neural Coding of Distinct Statistical Properties of
... reward system. If both the phasic and sustained signals reported in single-cell monkey recordings can be observed in humans, this would support a unified cross-species view in which midbrain neurons obey common basic principles of neural computation and provide important new insights into human rewar ...
... reward system. If both the phasic and sustained signals reported in single-cell monkey recordings can be observed in humans, this would support a unified cross-species view in which midbrain neurons obey common basic principles of neural computation and provide important new insights into human rewar ...
Signal processing methods in Sleep Research
... After all from an evolutionary point of view sleep seems like a bad idea, yet • Sleep is universal across species. • Sleep affects the vast majority of body functions including: immune function, hormonal regulation, metabolism, and thermoregulation. • Sleep’s core function appears to be for the brai ...
... After all from an evolutionary point of view sleep seems like a bad idea, yet • Sleep is universal across species. • Sleep affects the vast majority of body functions including: immune function, hormonal regulation, metabolism, and thermoregulation. • Sleep’s core function appears to be for the brai ...
Implication of novel neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of
... the olfactory placodes (9) and migrate to their final location during the embryonic life. In addition to these data from mice, results of other experiments performed in chicks (10), rhesus macaques (11), rats (12) and humans (13) indicate that the olfactory origin of GnRH neurons is a general phenom ...
... the olfactory placodes (9) and migrate to their final location during the embryonic life. In addition to these data from mice, results of other experiments performed in chicks (10), rhesus macaques (11), rats (12) and humans (13) indicate that the olfactory origin of GnRH neurons is a general phenom ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... 20 mPa) was measured using a calibrated microphone and probe. The probe was inserted through a hole drilled in the wall of the bony external meatus, opposite the tympanum. The gap around the hole was sealed before calibrations were performed. With this method of calibration, it was not possible to m ...
... 20 mPa) was measured using a calibrated microphone and probe. The probe was inserted through a hole drilled in the wall of the bony external meatus, opposite the tympanum. The gap around the hole was sealed before calibrations were performed. With this method of calibration, it was not possible to m ...
Mice Lacking M1 and M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Have
... be restored by increasing the number of new born neurons integrated into the OB after exposing them to an olfactory enriched environment, suggesting that muscarinic modulation and adult neurogenesis could be two different mechanism used by the olfactory system to improve olfactory processing. Keywor ...
... be restored by increasing the number of new born neurons integrated into the OB after exposing them to an olfactory enriched environment, suggesting that muscarinic modulation and adult neurogenesis could be two different mechanism used by the olfactory system to improve olfactory processing. Keywor ...
as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... as projecting to the posterior pituitary but which did not participate in this bursting activity could ...
... as projecting to the posterior pituitary but which did not participate in this bursting activity could ...
The Role of Mirror Neurons in Movement
... during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the activity of these cells cannot be explained by any covert movement on the part of the monkey. The question arises as to how output cells (pyramidal tract neurons, P ...
... during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the activity of these cells cannot be explained by any covert movement on the part of the monkey. The question arises as to how output cells (pyramidal tract neurons, P ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... Treatment with insulin-like growth factor-1 partially restored interneuronal number and reduced hypertrophy in some subregions. These results provide the first evidence for the involvement of interneurons in a mouse model of NCL. Moreover, our findings suggest that at least some populations of these ...
... Treatment with insulin-like growth factor-1 partially restored interneuronal number and reduced hypertrophy in some subregions. These results provide the first evidence for the involvement of interneurons in a mouse model of NCL. Moreover, our findings suggest that at least some populations of these ...