Brain asymmetry is encoded at the level of axon terminal morphology
... Background: Functional lateralization is a conserved feature of the central nervous system (CNS). However, underlying left-right asymmetries within neural circuitry and the mechanisms by which they develop are poorly described. Results: In this study, we use focal electroporation to examine the morp ...
... Background: Functional lateralization is a conserved feature of the central nervous system (CNS). However, underlying left-right asymmetries within neural circuitry and the mechanisms by which they develop are poorly described. Results: In this study, we use focal electroporation to examine the morp ...
Simulating Populations of Neurons - Leeds VLE
... an understanding as to how the software NEST used learning rules to simulate different models connected in various networks. Skills and techniques learnt from the Computational Modelling module (COMP5320M) were used to analyse and pre-process data obtained from simulations. This project provided the ...
... an understanding as to how the software NEST used learning rules to simulate different models connected in various networks. Skills and techniques learnt from the Computational Modelling module (COMP5320M) were used to analyse and pre-process data obtained from simulations. This project provided the ...
Basal Ganglia objectives - NBio401
... expressing medium spiny neurons in the striatum that are the start of the indirect pathway. ...
... expressing medium spiny neurons in the striatum that are the start of the indirect pathway. ...
Cross-modal Circuitry Between Auditory and
... phenomenon will provide insight not only into the incidence of this particular pattern of sensory convergence, but will also contribute to our understanding of the basic principles of multisensory convergence and integration in general. The anterior ectosylvian sulcus (AES) is one of but a few corti ...
... phenomenon will provide insight not only into the incidence of this particular pattern of sensory convergence, but will also contribute to our understanding of the basic principles of multisensory convergence and integration in general. The anterior ectosylvian sulcus (AES) is one of but a few corti ...
Hindbrain Glucoprivation Effects on Gastric Vagal Reflex Circuits
... were secured in a stereotaxic frame. A midline incision was made in the scalp and the cervical musculature was retracted. The foramen magnum was opened; removal of the dura and arachnoid membranes exposed the caudal portion of the floor of the fourth ventricle. Extracellular electrophysiological rec ...
... were secured in a stereotaxic frame. A midline incision was made in the scalp and the cervical musculature was retracted. The foramen magnum was opened; removal of the dura and arachnoid membranes exposed the caudal portion of the floor of the fourth ventricle. Extracellular electrophysiological rec ...
Segregated cholinergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area
... (Ch1-Ch8) and confirmed that only PPN and LDT provide cholinergic innervation of the VTA (Supplementary Fig. 3). In both PPN- and LDT-injected rats, we detected fluorescentlylabeled axons in the VTA, the borders of which were defined by the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive (TH+) n ...
... (Ch1-Ch8) and confirmed that only PPN and LDT provide cholinergic innervation of the VTA (Supplementary Fig. 3). In both PPN- and LDT-injected rats, we detected fluorescentlylabeled axons in the VTA, the borders of which were defined by the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive (TH+) n ...
as a PDF
... osmotic pressure or the sodium concentration of plasma and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). It should be pointed out that equiosmolar NaCl hypertonic solution is a more effective stimulus than nonsaline hypertonic solutions (345). Lesions in the region of the anteroventral portion of the third ventricle ...
... osmotic pressure or the sodium concentration of plasma and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). It should be pointed out that equiosmolar NaCl hypertonic solution is a more effective stimulus than nonsaline hypertonic solutions (345). Lesions in the region of the anteroventral portion of the third ventricle ...
Tuning Curve Shift by Attention Modulation in Cortical Neurons: a
... J1 = 6.38, A0 = 0 and A1 = 0.5. With this choice of parameters tuning curves in the second layer have approximately the same tuning width than receptive fields in the recurrent model, and are ~3.5 times larger than first-layer RFs. Notice also that by choosing T = 0 and S0 = 0, neurons in the first lay ...
... J1 = 6.38, A0 = 0 and A1 = 0.5. With this choice of parameters tuning curves in the second layer have approximately the same tuning width than receptive fields in the recurrent model, and are ~3.5 times larger than first-layer RFs. Notice also that by choosing T = 0 and S0 = 0, neurons in the first lay ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... 1999). The representation of the lower contralateral quadrant is particularly emphasized, from the fovea to the far periphery (see Fig. 3A). Interestingly, this part of the visual field shows psychophysical advantages for hand action control. In fact, when the visual stimulus is in the lower visual fi ...
... 1999). The representation of the lower contralateral quadrant is particularly emphasized, from the fovea to the far periphery (see Fig. 3A). Interestingly, this part of the visual field shows psychophysical advantages for hand action control. In fact, when the visual stimulus is in the lower visual fi ...
(15 pages pdf)
... 5Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA *Correspondence: [email protected] DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.031 2Division ...
... 5Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA *Correspondence: [email protected] DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.031 2Division ...
Central and peripheral chemoreceptors evoke distinct responses in
... from 114 PRG, 198 VRC and 166 midline neurons in six decerebrate vagotomized cats; 356 were recorded during sequential stimulation of both receptor classes via brief CO2-saturated saline injections in vertebral (central) and carotid arteries (peripheral). Seventy neurons responded to both stimuli. M ...
... from 114 PRG, 198 VRC and 166 midline neurons in six decerebrate vagotomized cats; 356 were recorded during sequential stimulation of both receptor classes via brief CO2-saturated saline injections in vertebral (central) and carotid arteries (peripheral). Seventy neurons responded to both stimuli. M ...
The Neurons of the Medial Geniculate Body in the Mustached Bat
... Address reprint requests to Jeffery A. Winer, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Room 289, Life Sciences Addition, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200. ...
... Address reprint requests to Jeffery A. Winer, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Room 289, Life Sciences Addition, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200. ...
The neurochemistry of the GnRH pulse generator
... significantly less GnRH and glutamate but more taurin and GABA (Fig. 8). When these hypothalami were under the continuous influence of Buserelin also under in vitvo superfusion conditions, their GnRH release remained low whereas the hypothalamus of in vivo Buserelin-treated animals released increasi ...
... significantly less GnRH and glutamate but more taurin and GABA (Fig. 8). When these hypothalami were under the continuous influence of Buserelin also under in vitvo superfusion conditions, their GnRH release remained low whereas the hypothalamus of in vivo Buserelin-treated animals released increasi ...
Duration Sensitivity to Other Response Properties of the Rat
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
This article was originally published in the
... attention. This idea is supported by the finding that blood flow to PCC increases when spatial attention is shifted contralaterally, whereas blood flow to ACC increases in a nonselective fashion. Cingulate cortex is unique among attentional control areas by virtue of its strong connections to limbic ...
... attention. This idea is supported by the finding that blood flow to PCC increases when spatial attention is shifted contralaterally, whereas blood flow to ACC increases in a nonselective fashion. Cingulate cortex is unique among attentional control areas by virtue of its strong connections to limbic ...
the inferior colliculus of the rat: quantitative
... understand the functional role of inhibition in the rat’s IC and to provide a comparative basis for studies concerned with pathologies of GABA- and Gly-mediated inhibitory transmission such as age-related hearing loss, tinnitus or audiogenic seizures (Caspary et al., 1999; Bauer et al., 2000; Faingo ...
... understand the functional role of inhibition in the rat’s IC and to provide a comparative basis for studies concerned with pathologies of GABA- and Gly-mediated inhibitory transmission such as age-related hearing loss, tinnitus or audiogenic seizures (Caspary et al., 1999; Bauer et al., 2000; Faingo ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... accuracy [1,2], and this accuracy decays proportionally with delay [3–5]. The ability to estimate short time intervals plays an important role in everyday behaviour. Timing is essential for predicting and planning actions. A good example is the temporal accuracy required to hit a ball in a tennis ga ...
... accuracy [1,2], and this accuracy decays proportionally with delay [3–5]. The ability to estimate short time intervals plays an important role in everyday behaviour. Timing is essential for predicting and planning actions. A good example is the temporal accuracy required to hit a ball in a tennis ga ...
Nicotine addiction and comorbidity with alcohol abuse and mental
... activates α4β2* nAChRs on the DA neurons for only a short time before those nAChRs desensitize, that brief enhanced depolarization of the postsynaptic DA neurons is sufficient to produce LTP when paired with the boosted glutamate release caused by presynaptic α7* nAChRs. While those nicotine-induced ...
... activates α4β2* nAChRs on the DA neurons for only a short time before those nAChRs desensitize, that brief enhanced depolarization of the postsynaptic DA neurons is sufficient to produce LTP when paired with the boosted glutamate release caused by presynaptic α7* nAChRs. While those nicotine-induced ...
Serotonin Modulates Developmental Microglia
... everywhere in the brain and at various ages (data not shown). For the quantitative analysis, we focused on dLGN in the thalamus, in which axons from RGCs form synaptic connections with relay neurons in order to establish the retinogeniculate pathway of the visual system. We selected this region of i ...
... everywhere in the brain and at various ages (data not shown). For the quantitative analysis, we focused on dLGN in the thalamus, in which axons from RGCs form synaptic connections with relay neurons in order to establish the retinogeniculate pathway of the visual system. We selected this region of i ...
Axonal Membranes and Their Domains: Assembly and Function of
... and transmit electrical signals critical for normal brain function. Here, we review the intricate organization of axonal membrane domains that facilitate rapid action potential conduction underlying communication between complex neuronal circuits. Two critical excitable domains of vertebrate axons a ...
... and transmit electrical signals critical for normal brain function. Here, we review the intricate organization of axonal membrane domains that facilitate rapid action potential conduction underlying communication between complex neuronal circuits. Two critical excitable domains of vertebrate axons a ...
Mechanisms of developmental neurite pruning
... review, we provide an overview of some classical examples in developmental neuronal remodeling and use these examples to discuss various cellular and molecular pathways that have emerged from classical and more recent studies, which have been performed mostly in the mouse and the fly. We do not aim ...
... review, we provide an overview of some classical examples in developmental neuronal remodeling and use these examples to discuss various cellular and molecular pathways that have emerged from classical and more recent studies, which have been performed mostly in the mouse and the fly. We do not aim ...
Learning and memory in zebrafish larvae
... habituation as well. (The source of this discrepancy may be the specific NMDAR antagonist used by the two groups; Roberts and colleagues observed that MK801, a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist, used by Wolman and colleagues, did disrupt rapid habituation, whereas DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid ...
... habituation as well. (The source of this discrepancy may be the specific NMDAR antagonist used by the two groups; Roberts and colleagues observed that MK801, a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist, used by Wolman and colleagues, did disrupt rapid habituation, whereas DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid ...
Sleep/Neurology-The Orexin System
... The global AD group had orexin levels that were positively correlated with total tau proteins and strictly related to sleep impairment Cognitive impairment (as measured by MMSE) was correlated with sleep structure deterioration (reduction in SWS and increased amounts of WASO) ...
... The global AD group had orexin levels that were positively correlated with total tau proteins and strictly related to sleep impairment Cognitive impairment (as measured by MMSE) was correlated with sleep structure deterioration (reduction in SWS and increased amounts of WASO) ...
Developmental structure in brain evolution
... Abstract: How does evolution grow bigger brains? It has been widely assumed that growth of individual structures and functional systems in response to niche-specific cognitive challenges is the most plausible mechanism for brain expansion in mammals. Comparison of multiple regressions on allometric ...
... Abstract: How does evolution grow bigger brains? It has been widely assumed that growth of individual structures and functional systems in response to niche-specific cognitive challenges is the most plausible mechanism for brain expansion in mammals. Comparison of multiple regressions on allometric ...
Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Are
... (GI) system. Although the NTS integrates peripheral satiety signals and relays this signal to central feeding centers, little is known about which NTS neurons are involved or what mechanisms are responsible. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are good candidates for GI integration, because disruptio ...
... (GI) system. Although the NTS integrates peripheral satiety signals and relays this signal to central feeding centers, little is known about which NTS neurons are involved or what mechanisms are responsible. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are good candidates for GI integration, because disruptio ...