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Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Are
Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Are

... (GI) system. Although the NTS integrates peripheral satiety signals and relays this signal to central feeding centers, little is known about which NTS neurons are involved or what mechanisms are responsible. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are good candidates for GI integration, because disruptio ...
download file
download file

... exhibit facilitation to rapidly repeated sounds. Neurons in PAF do not exhibit strong selectivity for rate or direction of narrowband one octave FM sweeps. These results indicate that PAF, like nonprimary visual fields, processes sensory information on larger spectral and longer temporal scales than ...
9 Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
9 Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential

... Measurements of these ionic membrane currents can be used to calculate the voltage and time dependence of changes in membrane conductances caused by the opening and closing of Na+ and K+ channels. This information provides insights into the properties of these two types of channels. A typical voltag ...
View/Open - DukeSpace
View/Open - DukeSpace

... corresponds roughly to a zone (F7) delineated by Matelli, Luppino, and Rizzolatti using cytoarchitectonics, ...
FREE Sample Here
FREE Sample Here

... MOD: Module 2-1 Neurons: The Body’s Wiring OBJ: 2.3 KEY: Evaluate/Explain NOT: www Which of the following is NOT true of action potentials? A) They are generated according to an all-or-none principle. B) They all travel at the same speed. C) They are electrical charges that shoot down the axon. D) T ...
Role of the Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
Role of the Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia

... the cortical network (Cx), the BG, and the SC. The Cx performs evidence accumulation, as observed, for example, in the lateral intraparietal area and frontal eye field, and is described in previous work (Wang, 2002). The present model extends an earlier one (Lo and Wang, 2006) by including the indir ...
Saccade Target Selection in the Superior - Smith
Saccade Target Selection in the Superior - Smith

... Saccadic eye movements rapidly shift the fovea from one area of interest to another in the visual scene. The superior ...
Inhibitory control in high functioning autism: Decreased activation
Inhibitory control in high functioning autism: Decreased activation

... inhibition as the common factor. However, people with autism have difficulty in tasks that impose a working memory load in addition to requiring response inhibition (Hughes 1996; Hughes and Russell 1993; Minshew et al. 1999; Russell 1997) or when they are required to shift from one response set to a ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit

... ECoG and LFPs also depended on BG recording site. Partial coherence analyses showed that, during SWA, STN and SNr shared the same temporal coupling with cortex, thereby forming a single functional axis. Cortex was also tightly, but independently, correlated with GP in a separate functional axis. Dur ...
Epileptiform Activity Can Be Initiated in Various Neocortical Layers
Epileptiform Activity Can Be Initiated in Various Neocortical Layers

... true of neocortical slices from randomly chosen regions including frontal, temporal, and occipital areas. This result indicates that initiation sites for generating epileptiform activity can be formed spontaneously regardless of the region of cortex. The initiation site in each stained cortical slic ...
Chapter 3
Chapter 3

... c. peripheral nervous system. d. somatic nervous system. ...
Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine
Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine

... (nAChRs) in the PFC to enhance working memory and attention and Bunney, 1983; Ungless et al., 2004), we do acknowledge that there are (Levin, 1992; Granon et al., 1995; Levin et al., 2006; Counotte et al., the technical limitations in the determination of the identities of our 2011; Guillem et al., ...
Olfaction
Olfaction

... an odorant following exposure to another odorant q  Presumed to occur because the two odors share one or more olfactory receptors for their transduction, but the order of odorants also plays a role ...
- Northumbria Research Link
- Northumbria Research Link

... previously been used in hypoxia (36). Briefly, EEG is a compound extracellular measure that quantifies electrical fluctuations arising from the ionic flow of current within cerebral brain (37). Recorded using a configuration of multiple electrodes placed over the scalp, the EEG is typically describe ...
cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses
cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses

... tissue density, such as the increased presence of cellular structures. The possible mechanisms to affect MD include capillaries, synapses, spines and macromolecular proteins; properties of myelin, membrane and axon; the shape of neurons or glia; or enhanced tissue organization, but MD is not specific ...
concurrent, distributed control of saccade initiation in the frontal eye
concurrent, distributed control of saccade initiation in the frontal eye

... equivalent of the saccade neurons with buildup activity observed in the SC. FEF is also populated by fixation neurons that seem to parallel their counterparts in the SC84 . Hanes and Wurtz 69 showed that it was not possible to elicit saccades with microstimulation of the FEF, following reversible d ...
Olfactory tract transection in neonatal rats: Evidence for Mitral cell
Olfactory tract transection in neonatal rats: Evidence for Mitral cell

... regeneration as the possible mechanism leading to the functional recovery following nerve transection has been reported2. Munirathinam et al3. have demonstrated the axonal regeneration following olfactory tract transection. However, the study did not provide any evidence for the functional restorati ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry

... software (MicroBright-Field, Colchester, VT) using an Olympus Optical (Hamburg, Germany) BX50 microscope at a final magnification of 10003 (using a 1003, 1.25 NA objective). The reconstructions provided the basis for the quantitative morphological analysis (see below). The soma was reconstructed by dr ...
Sample
Sample

... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function Wiley
Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function Wiley

... effects of a neurotransmitter and second, since only the excitatory effects of ACh at the neuromuscular junction fulfil the original definition of a neurotransmitter in transmitting excitation, either acetylcholine cannot be considered to be a neurotransmitter in the heart, despite its effects, or t ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature

... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and
Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and

... Mirror neurons for mouth actions in F5 a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or ...
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool

... The strength of the potential field can be quantified by a single measure termed Global Field Power (GFP; (Lehmann and Skrandies, 1980)). GFP is equal to the standard deviation across electrodes at a given instant in time. Because it is a global measure of response strength, GFP provides no informatio ...
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus

... contents of the LFP are actually modulated by stimulus conditions. We studied the neural activity recorded in V1 of anesthetized and paralyzed monkeys to a series of grating patterns of ascending stimulus contrasts. The simultaneously sampled LFP and spike responses from these recordings were analyz ...
Reverse pharmacology of orexin
Reverse pharmacology of orexin

... these cells during wakefulness. Orexin neurons might activate another type of cholinergic neurons in the PPT and LDT, which are active in wakefulness as well as the REM-sleep period. Recent work also shows that orexin inhibits cholinergic neurons in the PPT via activation of GABAergic local interneu ...
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Activity-dependent plasticity

A defining feature of the brain is its capacity to undergo changes based on activity-dependent functions, also called activity-dependent plasticity. Its ability to remodel itself forms the basis of the brain’s capacity to retain memories, improve motor function, and enhance comprehension and speech amongst other things. It is this trait to retain and form memories that is functionally linked to plasticity and therefore many of the functions individuals perform on a daily basis. This plasticity is the result of changed gene expression that occurs because of organized cellular mechanisms.The brain’s ability to adapt toward active functions has allowed humans to specialize in specific processes based on relative use and activity. For example, a right-handed person may perform any movement poorly with his/her left hand but continuous practice with the less dominant hand can make both hands just as able. Another example is if someone was born with a neurological disorder such as autism or had a stroke that resulted in a disorder, then they are capable of retrieving much of their lost function by practicing and “rewiring” the brain in order to incorporate these lost manners. Thanks to the pioneers within this field, many of these advances have become available to most people and many more will continue to arrive as new features of plasticity are discovered.
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