Atlantic Ocean
... Over 70,000 kilometers (43,000 miles) in length Twenty-three percent of Earth’s surface Winds through all major oceans ...
... Over 70,000 kilometers (43,000 miles) in length Twenty-three percent of Earth’s surface Winds through all major oceans ...
13.3 Ocean Water Chemistry
... a. Temperatures at the surface of the ocean vary with locations and seasons. Gases vary as well. b. Temperature of Ocean Water i. The surface of the ocean absorbs energy from the sun 1. Near the equator, surface water reaches 25°C ii. Warm water is less dense than cold water 1. Warm water forms a th ...
... a. Temperatures at the surface of the ocean vary with locations and seasons. Gases vary as well. b. Temperature of Ocean Water i. The surface of the ocean absorbs energy from the sun 1. Near the equator, surface water reaches 25°C ii. Warm water is less dense than cold water 1. Warm water forms a th ...
Earth Structure
... Acid/Intermediate composition. On average 30 km thick but can be up to 90km thick in mountain ranges. Density of 2.7 g/cm3 Will not sink at subduction zones. Old: 4 billion (Precambrian) to Present ...
... Acid/Intermediate composition. On average 30 km thick but can be up to 90km thick in mountain ranges. Density of 2.7 g/cm3 Will not sink at subduction zones. Old: 4 billion (Precambrian) to Present ...
Prelim 1 Answer Key
... a. water released from subducting lithosphere decreases the melting point of the overlying mantle b. friction produced by the convective motion of the mantle heats the rock to its melting point c. the melting point of mantle rock decreases with pressure, so that rising hot mantle eventually reaches ...
... a. water released from subducting lithosphere decreases the melting point of the overlying mantle b. friction produced by the convective motion of the mantle heats the rock to its melting point c. the melting point of mantle rock decreases with pressure, so that rising hot mantle eventually reaches ...
A2 : Plate Tectonics (essay outline)
... 6. The subducted part of the oceanic plate melts under great heat and pressure upon entering the asthenosphere. So, the oceanic crust is being destroyed. ...
... 6. The subducted part of the oceanic plate melts under great heat and pressure upon entering the asthenosphere. So, the oceanic crust is being destroyed. ...
Virtual Integrated Science for Interactive Ocean Networked Systems (VISIONS05) Expedition
... In September 2005, University of Washington Professors of Oceanography John Delaney and Deborah Kelley will lead the VISONS05 research expedition aboard the Research Vessel Thomas G. Thompson to the underwater volcanoes of the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the northeast Pacific Ocean. At this site on the se ...
... In September 2005, University of Washington Professors of Oceanography John Delaney and Deborah Kelley will lead the VISONS05 research expedition aboard the Research Vessel Thomas G. Thompson to the underwater volcanoes of the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the northeast Pacific Ocean. At this site on the se ...
Plate Tectonics
... A couple of cinder cones and a lava flow in New Mexico •This type of volcanic cone is often found associated with other volcanoes, and commonly where plates have been completely subducted and the melted material is in its last gasps. ...
... A couple of cinder cones and a lava flow in New Mexico •This type of volcanic cone is often found associated with other volcanoes, and commonly where plates have been completely subducted and the melted material is in its last gasps. ...
Notes-Ocean Water
... When surface water is blown by the wind, deep nutrient-rich water moves up to take its place this is called ____________________. Plants grow only in the top 100m of the ocean because the sun can only penetrate to about 200m. Marine organisms are classified according to where they live and how they ...
... When surface water is blown by the wind, deep nutrient-rich water moves up to take its place this is called ____________________. Plants grow only in the top 100m of the ocean because the sun can only penetrate to about 200m. Marine organisms are classified according to where they live and how they ...
Exercises in basic isostasy
... 2. The mid-ocean ridge is at a depth of 2.5 km, and the deep ocean basin is at a depth of 6 km. Assuming that oceanic lithosphere everywhere has the same vertical structure, use a Pratt-type model of isostasy to estimate the average density difference between lithospheric mantle at the ridge and lit ...
... 2. The mid-ocean ridge is at a depth of 2.5 km, and the deep ocean basin is at a depth of 6 km. Assuming that oceanic lithosphere everywhere has the same vertical structure, use a Pratt-type model of isostasy to estimate the average density difference between lithospheric mantle at the ridge and lit ...
Chapter Four – Earth Science
... • The ocean floor does not just keep spreading, it also sinks beneath deep underwater canyons called deep-ocean trenches. • Where there are trenches, subduction takes place. Subduction is the process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle. This happens ov ...
... • The ocean floor does not just keep spreading, it also sinks beneath deep underwater canyons called deep-ocean trenches. • Where there are trenches, subduction takes place. Subduction is the process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle. This happens ov ...
Chapter 5 The Changing Surface of Earth
... 1. Plains • Large, relatively flat areas covering much of the country ...
... 1. Plains • Large, relatively flat areas covering much of the country ...
Cooling of the Ocean Plates (Lithosphere)
... lithosphere floats). Because warm rocks have a lower density (denoted by the symbol ) than cold ones, the seafloor is shallower above young ocean lithosphere. ...
... lithosphere floats). Because warm rocks have a lower density (denoted by the symbol ) than cold ones, the seafloor is shallower above young ocean lithosphere. ...
Marine Science / Study Guide for the Final!!! If there is a statement
... What is the name of the outermost solid layer of the Earth? What are some facts that support plate tectonics? What causes the plates to move? What forms when plates collide? Do earthquakes occur at these sites? Where are the youngest seafloor rocks? What are they made of? What is magnetic striping o ...
... What is the name of the outermost solid layer of the Earth? What are some facts that support plate tectonics? What causes the plates to move? What forms when plates collide? Do earthquakes occur at these sites? Where are the youngest seafloor rocks? What are they made of? What is magnetic striping o ...
Obj - davis.k12.ut.us
... composed of Si, O2, Fe and Mg. c) Core – after the mantle, comes the 2 parts of the Earth’s core. The first is the liquid outer core (a layer of molten metal outside the inner core). Then is the solid inner core (a dense ball of metal). The inner core is under such immense pressure that the atoms ca ...
... composed of Si, O2, Fe and Mg. c) Core – after the mantle, comes the 2 parts of the Earth’s core. The first is the liquid outer core (a layer of molten metal outside the inner core). Then is the solid inner core (a dense ball of metal). The inner core is under such immense pressure that the atoms ca ...
Section 22.4 Plate Tectonics
... 13. Circle the sentences that are true about the theory of plate tectonics. a. The ocean floor sinks back into the mantle at subduction zones. b. The heat that drives convection currents comes from solar energy. c. Hot rock rises at mid-ocean ridges, cools and spreads out as ocean sea floor. d. Plat ...
... 13. Circle the sentences that are true about the theory of plate tectonics. a. The ocean floor sinks back into the mantle at subduction zones. b. The heat that drives convection currents comes from solar energy. c. Hot rock rises at mid-ocean ridges, cools and spreads out as ocean sea floor. d. Plat ...
Layers of The Earth - Songs for Teaching
... This layer of the Earth gets a little bit hotter 1600 degrees to 4000 near the bottom Temperatures so high Rocks flowing like mud Deep in the mantle There's convection currents The upper layer of the mantle is very dense It’s called the lithosphere I hope this all makes sense The asthenosphere is th ...
... This layer of the Earth gets a little bit hotter 1600 degrees to 4000 near the bottom Temperatures so high Rocks flowing like mud Deep in the mantle There's convection currents The upper layer of the mantle is very dense It’s called the lithosphere I hope this all makes sense The asthenosphere is th ...
Unit 7 Review Because of the weight of the rock above, pressure
... 25. At deep-ocean trenches, ___________________allows part of the ocean floor to sink back into the mantle in a process that takes tens of millions of years. Pg 336 26. _________ ___________ is the geological theory that states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven ...
... 25. At deep-ocean trenches, ___________________allows part of the ocean floor to sink back into the mantle in a process that takes tens of millions of years. Pg 336 26. _________ ___________ is the geological theory that states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven ...
Chapter 7 Answers
... The two types of crust are made of very different materials, 1 is significantly thicker than the other and because of the different materials of composition oceanic crust is more dense than continental crust. P166 6. The mantle is the thickest, “in the middle” layer of the Earth and contains most of ...
... The two types of crust are made of very different materials, 1 is significantly thicker than the other and because of the different materials of composition oceanic crust is more dense than continental crust. P166 6. The mantle is the thickest, “in the middle” layer of the Earth and contains most of ...
U4-T2.2-Convection and a Moving Seafloor
... convection, then Holmes suggested that convection could be the mechanism responsible for plate tectonics. Harry Hess was influenced by Holmes’ ideas, and suggested that deep within the asthenosphere, heated material expands, becomes less dense, rises, and pushes its way up through ridges. It then ...
... convection, then Holmes suggested that convection could be the mechanism responsible for plate tectonics. Harry Hess was influenced by Holmes’ ideas, and suggested that deep within the asthenosphere, heated material expands, becomes less dense, rises, and pushes its way up through ridges. It then ...
A. Layers of the Earth
... The map illustrates the thickness of Earth's crust. Note how the thickest areas (red and dark brown) are beneath some of Earth's important mountain ranges such as: Andes (west side of South America), Rockies (Western North America), Himalayas (north of India in South-central Asia) and Urals (north- ...
... The map illustrates the thickness of Earth's crust. Note how the thickest areas (red and dark brown) are beneath some of Earth's important mountain ranges such as: Andes (west side of South America), Rockies (Western North America), Himalayas (north of India in South-central Asia) and Urals (north- ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.