Theory of Plate Tectonics
... upper mantle are broken into sections called plates Plates move around on top of the asthenosphere like ships ...
... upper mantle are broken into sections called plates Plates move around on top of the asthenosphere like ships ...
Ocean - International Year of Planet Earth
... precipitation of metal sulphides, a reaction that has generated some of the largest metal ore bodies on Earth. Hot, sulphide and metal-laden fluids do not sound like the ideal place for life to thrive, but it is precisely around these vents that the highest concentrations of biomass in the deep sea ...
... precipitation of metal sulphides, a reaction that has generated some of the largest metal ore bodies on Earth. Hot, sulphide and metal-laden fluids do not sound like the ideal place for life to thrive, but it is precisely around these vents that the highest concentrations of biomass in the deep sea ...
Presentation
... underwater mountain ranges called midocean ridges In 1960, Harry Hess suggested the theory of ...
... underwater mountain ranges called midocean ridges In 1960, Harry Hess suggested the theory of ...
E. Earthquake destruction 1. Factors that determine structural
... d. Up to 4 billion years old 2. Oceanic crust—does not extend below entire continental crust! a. Basaltic composition b. Density about 3.0 g/cm3 c. Younger (180 million years or less) than the continental crust 2. Mantle a. Below crust to a depth of 2900 kilometers (1800 miles) b. Composition of the ...
... d. Up to 4 billion years old 2. Oceanic crust—does not extend below entire continental crust! a. Basaltic composition b. Density about 3.0 g/cm3 c. Younger (180 million years or less) than the continental crust 2. Mantle a. Below crust to a depth of 2900 kilometers (1800 miles) b. Composition of the ...
Dynamic Crust
... 3. ________________________________________: results from the ______________________ movement of a tectonic plate over a “fixed” point in the mantel that is _________________________ than the mantel around it. a) Causes: (1) A narrow _____________________ of hot ______________________ convecting up ...
... 3. ________________________________________: results from the ______________________ movement of a tectonic plate over a “fixed” point in the mantel that is _________________________ than the mantel around it. a) Causes: (1) A narrow _____________________ of hot ______________________ convecting up ...
PLATE TECTONICS
... Divergent boundaries are located mainly along oceanic ridges (also called constructive margins, because they tend to construct, or make more, land). These can happen in the ocean or on a continent. Good examples are the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the African Rift Valley. ...
... Divergent boundaries are located mainly along oceanic ridges (also called constructive margins, because they tend to construct, or make more, land). These can happen in the ocean or on a continent. Good examples are the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the African Rift Valley. ...
Part III. Convergent Plate Boundaries
... • 1. When 2 continents collide, they bunch up together, because they have approximately the same density. In other words, mountains form. ...
... • 1. When 2 continents collide, they bunch up together, because they have approximately the same density. In other words, mountains form. ...
Internal Structure of the Earth
... • Molten material rises at the Mid-Ocean Ridge. • The material flows away from the ridge, carrying the land that was once together, further apart. ...
... • Molten material rises at the Mid-Ocean Ridge. • The material flows away from the ridge, carrying the land that was once together, further apart. ...
Oxidation of the ocean crust: When does it happen?
... Hydrothermal circulation on the ridge flanks is responsible for removing over two thirds of the global hydrothermal heat flux and given the large volumes of fluids involved it has the potential to impart significant geochemical signatures into the ocean crust and oceans. Despite this global signific ...
... Hydrothermal circulation on the ridge flanks is responsible for removing over two thirds of the global hydrothermal heat flux and given the large volumes of fluids involved it has the potential to impart significant geochemical signatures into the ocean crust and oceans. Despite this global signific ...
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics
... When two oceanic plates collide, one runs over the other which causes it to sink into the mantle forming a subduction zone. The subducting plate is bent downward to form a very deep depression in the ocean floor called a trench. The worlds deepest parts of the ocean are found along trenches. ...
... When two oceanic plates collide, one runs over the other which causes it to sink into the mantle forming a subduction zone. The subducting plate is bent downward to form a very deep depression in the ocean floor called a trench. The worlds deepest parts of the ocean are found along trenches. ...
8.9A the historical development of evidence that supports plate
... changes. – Deep scratches on bedrock in Africa indicated that at one time it was covered in glaciers, which means it must have been much closer to the South Pole › He also found that the fossils found in a certain place often indicated a climate utterly different from the climate of today – i.e. tro ...
... changes. – Deep scratches on bedrock in Africa indicated that at one time it was covered in glaciers, which means it must have been much closer to the South Pole › He also found that the fossils found in a certain place often indicated a climate utterly different from the climate of today – i.e. tro ...
continental drift
... 1. cont’d Contintal “Rift Valley” forms magma typically intrudes into the fractures and flows onto the valley floor ...
... 1. cont’d Contintal “Rift Valley” forms magma typically intrudes into the fractures and flows onto the valley floor ...
Edible Tectonics
... Also called spreading centers because they are fractures in the lithosphere where the plates are moving apart, as in the Mid-Ocean Ridge system or rift valleys like the one running through eastern Africa. As the plates separate, pressure on the mantle directly below decreases. The decrease in pressu ...
... Also called spreading centers because they are fractures in the lithosphere where the plates are moving apart, as in the Mid-Ocean Ridge system or rift valleys like the one running through eastern Africa. As the plates separate, pressure on the mantle directly below decreases. The decrease in pressu ...
mid-ocean ridge
... along their center. Evidence shows that molten material erupts through this valley and then hardens to form the ocean floor. ...
... along their center. Evidence shows that molten material erupts through this valley and then hardens to form the ocean floor. ...
Water inside fire - Creation Ministries International
... about 15 km. This is the closest that the ‘Moho’ comes to the surface anywhere on land; under the oceans, which lack the uppermost layer of the lithosphere, the Moho rises in places to only 6 km below the seafloor. Other major discontinuities are the Wiechert–Gutenberg (at 2,900 km) and Lehmann (at ...
... about 15 km. This is the closest that the ‘Moho’ comes to the surface anywhere on land; under the oceans, which lack the uppermost layer of the lithosphere, the Moho rises in places to only 6 km below the seafloor. Other major discontinuities are the Wiechert–Gutenberg (at 2,900 km) and Lehmann (at ...
Earth Science Exam Review 6
... strong source of which type of electromagnetic radiation? A radio waves B microwaves C infrared light D ultraviolet light ...
... strong source of which type of electromagnetic radiation? A radio waves B microwaves C infrared light D ultraviolet light ...
The Task
... History of Ocean Drilling Program: summarize how international ocean drilling programs have evolved and how samples collected have proven the seafloor is spreading. Include a photo of the ships involved in these ocean drilling programs. What is a core? How are core samples used to provide evidence ...
... History of Ocean Drilling Program: summarize how international ocean drilling programs have evolved and how samples collected have proven the seafloor is spreading. Include a photo of the ships involved in these ocean drilling programs. What is a core? How are core samples used to provide evidence ...
Internal Structure of the Earth
... • Molten material rises at the Mid-Ocean Ridge. • The material flows away from the ridge, carrying the land that was once together, further apart. ...
... • Molten material rises at the Mid-Ocean Ridge. • The material flows away from the ridge, carrying the land that was once together, further apart. ...
Plate Tectonics - personal.kent.edu
... Plate tectonics is the major control of the sedimentary record •Relief of source area for clastic sediments •Composition of siliciclastic sediments •Position, size and shape of sedimentary basins •Rates of subsidence •Directly or indirectly influences the position of sea level •Control types of Sed ...
... Plate tectonics is the major control of the sedimentary record •Relief of source area for clastic sediments •Composition of siliciclastic sediments •Position, size and shape of sedimentary basins •Rates of subsidence •Directly or indirectly influences the position of sea level •Control types of Sed ...
Study Questions for Quiz #9
... Subduction zones have five different zones that develop within them. What are they? In contrast, continent-continent collision produces a different response. What is it? Continental collision is always marked by ______________ which causes ____________. Why is magma generated in subduction zones? Wh ...
... Subduction zones have five different zones that develop within them. What are they? In contrast, continent-continent collision produces a different response. What is it? Continental collision is always marked by ______________ which causes ____________. Why is magma generated in subduction zones? Wh ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.