Chapter 36: Ecosystems and the Biosphere Feeding relationships
... Extra Slides AND Answers for Critical Thinking Questions (1) Photosynthetic plankton in the ocean account for about 50 percent of the photosynthesis on Earth. If their population is reduced, carbon dioxide levels will likely rise, intensifying the greenhouse effect. (2) At each trophic level, energy ...
... Extra Slides AND Answers for Critical Thinking Questions (1) Photosynthetic plankton in the ocean account for about 50 percent of the photosynthesis on Earth. If their population is reduced, carbon dioxide levels will likely rise, intensifying the greenhouse effect. (2) At each trophic level, energy ...
Modern Plate Tectonics
... Oceanic Crust – Continental Crust Basaltic oceanic crust descends beneath lighter continental crust. Coastal mountain chains develop due to compressive forces and volcanics (e.g., the Andes of South ...
... Oceanic Crust – Continental Crust Basaltic oceanic crust descends beneath lighter continental crust. Coastal mountain chains develop due to compressive forces and volcanics (e.g., the Andes of South ...
Lecture 14 – Marine Sediments (1) The CCD is: (a) the depth at
... (8) What do you expect the composition of sediments will be at 2500m in middle of the Equatorial Pacific? How will that change if the depth at the same area is 5000 meters? The sediment will be foram ooze with siliceous components; it is productive so both will be there but it is above the CCD so c ...
... (8) What do you expect the composition of sediments will be at 2500m in middle of the Equatorial Pacific? How will that change if the depth at the same area is 5000 meters? The sediment will be foram ooze with siliceous components; it is productive so both will be there but it is above the CCD so c ...
chapter 3 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... The deep oceanic basin floor covers more of Earth’s surface (30%) than the exposed continental land surface (29%) and is an area that can be just as rugged as the continents. There are a variety of features that rise up above the deep-ocean floor ...
... The deep oceanic basin floor covers more of Earth’s surface (30%) than the exposed continental land surface (29%) and is an area that can be just as rugged as the continents. There are a variety of features that rise up above the deep-ocean floor ...
Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth - Chapter 4
... Over 70,000 kilometers (43,000 miles) in length Twenty-three percent of Earth’s surface Winds through all major oceans ...
... Over 70,000 kilometers (43,000 miles) in length Twenty-three percent of Earth’s surface Winds through all major oceans ...
ch07 (1) - earthjay science
... motion: geological similarities of India, Africa, and South America; the geographic fit of the continents; similar climates of parts indicated in widely separated areas; evidence that some areas at low latitude had once been at a pole; tropical fossils and rock types occurring today at high latitude ...
... motion: geological similarities of India, Africa, and South America; the geographic fit of the continents; similar climates of parts indicated in widely separated areas; evidence that some areas at low latitude had once been at a pole; tropical fossils and rock types occurring today at high latitude ...
Plate boundaries| sample answer
... Plate boundaries| sample answer Q: ‘ ‘Plate boundaries are zones where crust is both created and destroyed.’ Examine the statement, with reference to examples you have studied.’ (2007 Q1 B.) The theory of plate tectonics states that the crust (lithosphere) is broken into 16 big slabs called plates. ...
... Plate boundaries| sample answer Q: ‘ ‘Plate boundaries are zones where crust is both created and destroyed.’ Examine the statement, with reference to examples you have studied.’ (2007 Q1 B.) The theory of plate tectonics states that the crust (lithosphere) is broken into 16 big slabs called plates. ...
Section 2 The Ocean Floor
... into the ocean. The sound moves through the water, bounces off the ocean floor, and returns to the ship. The deeper the water is, the longer the round trip takes. Scientists then calculate the depth by multiplying half the travel time by the speed of sound in water (about 1,500 m/s). This process is ...
... into the ocean. The sound moves through the water, bounces off the ocean floor, and returns to the ship. The deeper the water is, the longer the round trip takes. Scientists then calculate the depth by multiplying half the travel time by the speed of sound in water (about 1,500 m/s). This process is ...
The Earth`s Layers and Plate Tectonics Study Guide #1 Unit 3
... boundary. Sea-floor Spreading-as the magma rises the older sea floor spreads apart to make room for the new sea floor ...
... boundary. Sea-floor Spreading-as the magma rises the older sea floor spreads apart to make room for the new sea floor ...
Midterm Exam II
... found in the form of nodules containing manganese and iron oxides. Hydrogenous sediments can be: ...
... found in the form of nodules containing manganese and iron oxides. Hydrogenous sediments can be: ...
Journey to the Center of the Earth Name: Stop 1 – Earth`s Surface
... What is created by the convection currents found in the outer core? ...
... What is created by the convection currents found in the outer core? ...
Geomorphology
... Sites of lateral movement Crust is neither created nor destroyed The rigid and brittle lithospheric plates overlie the molten and plastic asthenosphere. Currents in the mantle move and form convection currents. When the current moves to the surface, it diverges. As it moves up it pushes the plat ...
... Sites of lateral movement Crust is neither created nor destroyed The rigid and brittle lithospheric plates overlie the molten and plastic asthenosphere. Currents in the mantle move and form convection currents. When the current moves to the surface, it diverges. As it moves up it pushes the plat ...
Oceans of the World
... Lomonosov Ridge extends from northeastern Greenland to Central Siberia and separates the basins. The Arctic Ocean is surrounded by landmasses of Eurasia, North America, and Greenland, and is unlike the other three oceans because of the perennial ice cover. The extent of sea ice is seasonal between 6 ...
... Lomonosov Ridge extends from northeastern Greenland to Central Siberia and separates the basins. The Arctic Ocean is surrounded by landmasses of Eurasia, North America, and Greenland, and is unlike the other three oceans because of the perennial ice cover. The extent of sea ice is seasonal between 6 ...
STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 3 TEST 2009
... 54) area between the shoreline and the continental slope continental shelf 55) area between the continental shelf and the ocean floor ...
... 54) area between the shoreline and the continental slope continental shelf 55) area between the continental shelf and the ocean floor ...
Slide 1
... • When two plates collide, one goes under the other called subduction! • Causes volcanoes. ...
... • When two plates collide, one goes under the other called subduction! • Causes volcanoes. ...
tectonics for lab-short version
... convection. Hot mantle material rises at ridges and cooler mantle material sinks at subduction zones. ...
... convection. Hot mantle material rises at ridges and cooler mantle material sinks at subduction zones. ...
Land Formations - Library Video Company
... mantle of the Earth. At this point, the mantle is not covered by any crust. 2. Prepare your mid-ocean ridge and your two deep trenches. Using the scissors, carefully cut a slit vertically in the side of the oatmeal carton that’s about 12 centimeters, or five inches, long. This slit represents your m ...
... mantle of the Earth. At this point, the mantle is not covered by any crust. 2. Prepare your mid-ocean ridge and your two deep trenches. Using the scissors, carefully cut a slit vertically in the side of the oatmeal carton that’s about 12 centimeters, or five inches, long. This slit represents your m ...
File
... • Hess’ idea of sea floor spreading caused scientists to revisit Wegener’s idea of continental drift! ...
... • Hess’ idea of sea floor spreading caused scientists to revisit Wegener’s idea of continental drift! ...
CHAPTER 7: PLATE TECTONICS--
... other three layers. On average the crust is only about 3-5 miles thick under the oceans (oceanic crust) and about 25 miles thick under the continents (continental crust). The deepest spot is 43 miles. The temperatures of the crust vary from air temperature on top to about 1600 degrees Fahrenheit in ...
... other three layers. On average the crust is only about 3-5 miles thick under the oceans (oceanic crust) and about 25 miles thick under the continents (continental crust). The deepest spot is 43 miles. The temperatures of the crust vary from air temperature on top to about 1600 degrees Fahrenheit in ...
Plate Tectonics Online Simulation Copy and paste the following
... 9. At the top, make sure you are on Manual Mode. 10. Click and drag the continental crust to the right side and the young oceanic crust to the left, then click “Seawater” in the “View Box”. 11. Push the lever forward (to the right). a. What type of boundary is this? b. What begins to happen on the c ...
... 9. At the top, make sure you are on Manual Mode. 10. Click and drag the continental crust to the right side and the young oceanic crust to the left, then click “Seawater” in the “View Box”. 11. Push the lever forward (to the right). a. What type of boundary is this? b. What begins to happen on the c ...
File
... There is constant heat and radiation given off from the center of the Earth. That energy is what constantly heats the rocks and partially melts and deforms them. As they are heated they become less dense and rise. As they cool near the surface they sink forming loops that drive push and pull movemen ...
... There is constant heat and radiation given off from the center of the Earth. That energy is what constantly heats the rocks and partially melts and deforms them. As they are heated they become less dense and rise. As they cool near the surface they sink forming loops that drive push and pull movemen ...
What do Earth`s layers consist of?
... • Hess’ idea of sea floor spreading caused scientists to revisit Wegener’s idea of continental drift! ...
... • Hess’ idea of sea floor spreading caused scientists to revisit Wegener’s idea of continental drift! ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.