Plates Move
... The magma eventually hardens The magma could have risen so high that it peaks out of the water More islands will form in an arc, this shows how the plate is moving EX: Hawaii ...
... The magma eventually hardens The magma could have risen so high that it peaks out of the water More islands will form in an arc, this shows how the plate is moving EX: Hawaii ...
Lab 06 - Las Positas College
... 7. On a good map of the Pacific sea floor, find the following hot-spot ridges in the Pacific: the Emperor Seamount Chain hot-spot ridge, the Tuamotu Archipelago—Line Island hot-spot ridge, and the Austral—Gilbert—Marshall Island hot- spot ridge. If these oceanic island chains are produced by hot sp ...
... 7. On a good map of the Pacific sea floor, find the following hot-spot ridges in the Pacific: the Emperor Seamount Chain hot-spot ridge, the Tuamotu Archipelago—Line Island hot-spot ridge, and the Austral—Gilbert—Marshall Island hot- spot ridge. If these oceanic island chains are produced by hot sp ...
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The Continental Drift Hypothesis
... able to determine the depth of the ocean using a device called an echo sounder. • Once ocean depths were determined, scientists used these data to create a topographic map of the sea floor that revealed vast mountain ranges, called mid-ocean ridges, that stretch for many miles deep below the ocean’ ...
... able to determine the depth of the ocean using a device called an echo sounder. • Once ocean depths were determined, scientists used these data to create a topographic map of the sea floor that revealed vast mountain ranges, called mid-ocean ridges, that stretch for many miles deep below the ocean’ ...
Steely-Eyed Hydronauts of the Mariana
... and probing the oceans. Although the data they collected was scientifically indispensable, men were driven to madness by the tedium, and some sixty souls ultimately opted to jump ship rather than take yet another depth measurement or temperature reading. One day in 1875, however, as the crew were “s ...
... and probing the oceans. Although the data they collected was scientifically indispensable, men were driven to madness by the tedium, and some sixty souls ultimately opted to jump ship rather than take yet another depth measurement or temperature reading. One day in 1875, however, as the crew were “s ...
Earth`s Layers
... – There is a huge difference in temperature between the outer mantle and the inner mantle. – This difference in temperature sets up a convection current which is responsible for the cracking and moving of the tectonic plates. ...
... – There is a huge difference in temperature between the outer mantle and the inner mantle. – This difference in temperature sets up a convection current which is responsible for the cracking and moving of the tectonic plates. ...
Internal Structure of the Earth
... Crust – the outer, hardest layer of the lithosphere; continental crust (mostly granite, 2.7 g/cm³, 0-40 km) and oceanic crust (basalt 3.0 g/cm³, 010km) Lithosphere – crust and upper most, solid, rigid portion of the mantle – broken into pieces (0-100 km) ...
... Crust – the outer, hardest layer of the lithosphere; continental crust (mostly granite, 2.7 g/cm³, 0-40 km) and oceanic crust (basalt 3.0 g/cm³, 010km) Lithosphere – crust and upper most, solid, rigid portion of the mantle – broken into pieces (0-100 km) ...
Earth`s Layers
... – There is a huge difference in temperature between the outer mantle and the inner mantle. – This difference in temperature sets up a convection current which is responsible for the cracking and moving of the tectonic plates. ...
... – There is a huge difference in temperature between the outer mantle and the inner mantle. – This difference in temperature sets up a convection current which is responsible for the cracking and moving of the tectonic plates. ...
Unit 4 Chapter
... 1. ________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________ As oceanic crust subducts, a terrane is scraped off and becomes part of the continental crust (accretion). It can also be continental crusts col ...
... 1. ________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________ As oceanic crust subducts, a terrane is scraped off and becomes part of the continental crust (accretion). It can also be continental crusts col ...
Sediment characterization - University of Washington
... • Understand how sedimentary processes differ between active and passive margins • Know how sediments are mobilized on the continental shelf • Understand how sediments are transported into deep water and be able to explain the difference between turbidites and debrites. • Interpret bathymetric maps ...
... • Understand how sedimentary processes differ between active and passive margins • Know how sediments are mobilized on the continental shelf • Understand how sediments are transported into deep water and be able to explain the difference between turbidites and debrites. • Interpret bathymetric maps ...
tectonic plates
... When hot magma cools off, the bits of iron in the crust will point to the poles like a compass needle ...
... When hot magma cools off, the bits of iron in the crust will point to the poles like a compass needle ...
103-20b-VariationSalinitySeawater
... on continents) • Highs at about 25 deg. N and 15 deg. S • Highs at (= ...
... on continents) • Highs at about 25 deg. N and 15 deg. S • Highs at (= ...
Geology of Oceanography
... – He theorized that hot spots are small melting areas within the mantel where thermal plumes cause magma columns to push up through the crust (forming volcanoes) •Hot spots can occur at fault lines although most form far from plate ...
... – He theorized that hot spots are small melting areas within the mantel where thermal plumes cause magma columns to push up through the crust (forming volcanoes) •Hot spots can occur at fault lines although most form far from plate ...
plate boundaries.
... crust, the oceanic crust which is thinner and more _____ than the continental crust, _______ below the continental crust. ...
... crust, the oceanic crust which is thinner and more _____ than the continental crust, _______ below the continental crust. ...
NEW Marine Sediment Outline
... Ice Rafting- large rock particles carried out to sea by glaciers, the glaciers melt and large rocks are dropped off tens to hundreds of miles from the present shore. ...
... Ice Rafting- large rock particles carried out to sea by glaciers, the glaciers melt and large rocks are dropped off tens to hundreds of miles from the present shore. ...
Ocean Zone Activity
... What is an ocean basin and how is it formed? (Include references to continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, seamounts, hydrothermal vents, trench, and processes of plate tectonics, seafloor spreading, erosion and sedimentation) What is the photic zone and how does it c ...
... What is an ocean basin and how is it formed? (Include references to continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, seamounts, hydrothermal vents, trench, and processes of plate tectonics, seafloor spreading, erosion and sedimentation) What is the photic zone and how does it c ...
Investigation 6: What Happens When Plates Collide? Investigation
... 11. Look at your hypothesis in question #7. Was your hypothesis correct? Think about how the volcanoes are formed. Restate your hypothesis about which plate is subducting? Support your hypothesis with evidence about processes that occur at a subduction zone. ...
... 11. Look at your hypothesis in question #7. Was your hypothesis correct? Think about how the volcanoes are formed. Restate your hypothesis about which plate is subducting? Support your hypothesis with evidence about processes that occur at a subduction zone. ...
!GLG 101-Illustrated Vocabulary-Chapter 16 !Structure of the Earth
... *the innermost spherical structure of a planet; it is the densest material, probably consisting mostly of iron and nickel, similar to the composition of iron meteorites. The outer portion is liquid and the inner portion is solid. !crust *the upper most solid layer of the earth's structure; often div ...
... *the innermost spherical structure of a planet; it is the densest material, probably consisting mostly of iron and nickel, similar to the composition of iron meteorites. The outer portion is liquid and the inner portion is solid. !crust *the upper most solid layer of the earth's structure; often div ...
Crust - Mrs. Bock
... The middle mantle "flows" because of convection currents. Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling and sinking again --repeating this cycle over and over. ...
... The middle mantle "flows" because of convection currents. Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling and sinking again --repeating this cycle over and over. ...
Ocean Zones
... constant pounding of the waves and changes in both salinity and temperature. They must also withstand periods of being underwater (wet) and periods of being exposed to the air. (dry) clip 4 ...
... constant pounding of the waves and changes in both salinity and temperature. They must also withstand periods of being underwater (wet) and periods of being exposed to the air. (dry) clip 4 ...
Oceanic Crust
... • "Now I hear the sea sounds about me; • the night high tide is rising, swirling with a confused rush of waters against the rocks below …. • Once this rocky coast beneath me was a plain of sand; • then the sea rose and found a new shore line. • And again in some shadowy future the surf will have gro ...
... • "Now I hear the sea sounds about me; • the night high tide is rising, swirling with a confused rush of waters against the rocks below …. • Once this rocky coast beneath me was a plain of sand; • then the sea rose and found a new shore line. • And again in some shadowy future the surf will have gro ...
Handout 2.3-2 Standard 2 Objective 3.a, b, d, and e
... major mountain belts tell scientists? • D. Most mountains form as a result of collisions between tectonic plates. ...
... major mountain belts tell scientists? • D. Most mountains form as a result of collisions between tectonic plates. ...
Continental like crust beneath the Andaman Island
... 14 km thick upper layer of silicic composition (average Vs ~3.5km/s), and 8–12 km thick mafic layer (Vs ~4.0km/s) in the lower crust. Based on these results, the authors have opined that the crustal structure beneath the Andaman Island is more like a continental crust rather than a typical oceanic c ...
... 14 km thick upper layer of silicic composition (average Vs ~3.5km/s), and 8–12 km thick mafic layer (Vs ~4.0km/s) in the lower crust. Based on these results, the authors have opined that the crustal structure beneath the Andaman Island is more like a continental crust rather than a typical oceanic c ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.