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Unit 7 Review 1. Because of the weight of the rock above, pressure inside Earth ___________as you go deeper. Pg 317 2. Three main layers make up Earth’s interior: ______________, ________________, and _____________. Pg 317 3. The ____________________ is a layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer skin. Pg 318 4. The crust beneath the ocean is called ____________________ crust. Pg 318 5. Oceanic crust consists mostly of dense rocks such as ____________________. Pg 318 6. ____________________ crust, the crust that forms the continents, consists mainly of less dense rocks such as granite. Pg 318 7. Below the crust is the ____________________, a layer of hot rock. Pg 318 8. The uppermost part of the mantle and the crust together form a rigid layer called the ____________________. Pg 318 9. The heat and pressure make the part of the mantle just beneath the lithosphere less rigid than the rock. This soft layer is called the ____________________. Pg 319 10. The _________ ___________ is a layer of molten metal that surrounds the inner core. Pg 319 11. The _________ ___________ is a dense ball of solid metal. Pg 319 12. Label the parts of the earth. Pg 321 Word Bank: lithosphere asthenosphere oceanic crust continental crust outer core Inner core mantle 13. Heat is transferred through ______________, ________________ and __________________. Pg 323 14. ____________________ is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. Pg 323 15. Heat transfer by direct contact of particles of matter is called ____________________. Pg 324 16. ____________________ is heat transfer by the movement of a heated fluid. Pg 324 17. ____________________ is a measure of how much mass there is in a volume of substance. Pg 324 18. Heat from Earth’s core and from the mantle itself causes the _________________ ________________ in the mantle. Pg 325 19. Alfred Wegener was a scientist that created a hypothesis that all the continents had once been joined together in a single landmass and have since drifted apart. Wegener named this supercontinent ____________________. Pg 327 20. Wegener’s idea that the continents slowly moved over Earth’s surface became known as ____________________ ____________________. Pg 327 21. Wegner supported his hypothesis with evidence from __________, ______________ and ________________. Pg 328-329 22. At the time, Wegner’s hypothesis was ______________ because Wegener could not provide a satisfactory explanation for the force that pushes or pulls the continents. Pg 330 23. At the ________ ____________ , molten material rises from the mantle and erupts. The molten material then spreads out, pushing older rock to both sides of the ridge. Pg 333 24. The process that continually adds new material to the ocean floor is called _________ ___________. Pg 333 25. At deep-ocean trenches, ___________________allows part of the ocean floor to sink back into the mantle in a process that takes tens of millions of years. Pg 336 26. _________ ___________ is the geological theory that states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. Pg 340 27. A _____________ boundary is a place where two plates slip past each, moving in opposite directions. Pg 342 28. The place where two plates move apart, or diverge, is called a __________________ boundary. Pg 343 29. The place where two plates come together, or converge, is called a _________________ boundary. Pg 344 30. Identify the following plate boundaries. Boundary: _____________ Boundary: _______________ Boundary: _______________ 31. Both continental plates are mostly low-density granite rock. Therefore, neither plate is dense enough to sink into the mantle. Instead, the plates crash head-on. The collision squeezes the crust into ____________________. Pg 344 32. A _________ ___________ is an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust. Pg 353 33. Match the correct tectonic plate with the map. B C C E A D F F _________South American Plate _________Eurasian Plate _________Pacific Plate _________African Plate _________Indo-Australian Plate _________North American Plate Topographic Maps 34. Some maps include information about a region’s ____________________, or its physical features, such as mountains, hills, and valley. Pg 692 35. On a topographic map, a _________ ___________ connects points of equal elevation. Pg 692 36. The change in elevation from one contour line to the next is called the _________ ___________. Pg 692 Use the topographic map below to answer questions 37 – 39. 37. What is the contour interval of this topographic map? ____________________________________ 38. How does the elevation change from point X to point W? ___________________________ 39. At about what elevation does the Excelsior River start? __________________________________ Use the following topographic map to answer questions 40 – 42. 40. What is the contour interval of this map? _________________________________________ 41. Which hill is steeper? _________________________________________________________ 42. How do you know which hill is steeper? __________________________________________