Shigella boydii Involved in O-antigen Synthesis By
... 3.3.1 Donor substrate specificity .........................................................................- 58 3.3.2 Role of pyrophosphate in acceptor substrate specificity ..............................- 60 3.3.3 Screening of compounds as potential inhibitors ..................................... ...
... 3.3.1 Donor substrate specificity .........................................................................- 58 3.3.2 Role of pyrophosphate in acceptor substrate specificity ..............................- 60 3.3.3 Screening of compounds as potential inhibitors ..................................... ...
Glycoxidation of biological macromolecules: A critical
... of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India Received on November 3, 2013; revised on May 29, 2014; accepted on June 12, ...
... of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India Received on November 3, 2013; revised on May 29, 2014; accepted on June 12, ...
Endoplasmic reticulum localization of the low density lipoprotein
... growth factor homology domain, transmembrane domain, and cytoplasmic tail would be unnecessary for such a protein to mediate apoB degradation. To create this ER-localized LDLR, we used a truncated form of the human LDLR that binds to LDL in a Ca2⫹-dependent manner (10), analogous to the full-length ...
... growth factor homology domain, transmembrane domain, and cytoplasmic tail would be unnecessary for such a protein to mediate apoB degradation. To create this ER-localized LDLR, we used a truncated form of the human LDLR that binds to LDL in a Ca2⫹-dependent manner (10), analogous to the full-length ...
High pKa variability of cysteine residues in structural databases and
... parallel and on the same dataset of 750 protein structures, are shown in Table 1. As expected, ppka1 and ppka3 provide different results. The differences are significant for all titratable types (t-test, n=1000; all p-values<0.001), except for His (i.e. p-value 0.541). To be noted: to derive the num ...
... parallel and on the same dataset of 750 protein structures, are shown in Table 1. As expected, ppka1 and ppka3 provide different results. The differences are significant for all titratable types (t-test, n=1000; all p-values<0.001), except for His (i.e. p-value 0.541). To be noted: to derive the num ...
Visualization of APP dimerization and APP-Notch2 fluorescence complementation
... and Fishell (2002); Selkoe and Kopan (2003)]. The activation of the Notch signaling pathway upon ligand binding involves sequential proteolytic processing of the receptor to generate the Notch intracellular domain (Schroeter et al. 1998), which, upon release from the plasma membrane, translocates to ...
... and Fishell (2002); Selkoe and Kopan (2003)]. The activation of the Notch signaling pathway upon ligand binding involves sequential proteolytic processing of the receptor to generate the Notch intracellular domain (Schroeter et al. 1998), which, upon release from the plasma membrane, translocates to ...
How do potentials derived from structural databases relate to true
... a protein is apparently an essential feature required by its biological function. However, once that feature is achieved, there may not be any evolutionary pressure to make the protein even more stable (Serrano et al., 1993). In summary, problems apparently exist in both of the potential derivation ...
... a protein is apparently an essential feature required by its biological function. However, once that feature is achieved, there may not be any evolutionary pressure to make the protein even more stable (Serrano et al., 1993). In summary, problems apparently exist in both of the potential derivation ...
DEFINING THE ROLE OF THE SHP2 PROTEIN TYROSINE
... Upon arrival at peripheral tissues, the committed mast cell progenitors develop into mature mucosal or connective tissue mast cells (with specialized granule contents, etc.) in response to factors released by the local tissue5. The two varieties of mast cells are differentiated by their tissue of r ...
... Upon arrival at peripheral tissues, the committed mast cell progenitors develop into mature mucosal or connective tissue mast cells (with specialized granule contents, etc.) in response to factors released by the local tissue5. The two varieties of mast cells are differentiated by their tissue of r ...
Cytoskeleton: What Does GTP Do for Septins? Dispatch
... exocytosis [2–4]. Septins immunopurified from cytosol exist as heteromeric complexes containing three or four different septin polypeptides in a defined stochiometry. These complexes can polymerize into long filaments in vitro. All septins contain sequence elements distantly related to conserved mot ...
... exocytosis [2–4]. Septins immunopurified from cytosol exist as heteromeric complexes containing three or four different septin polypeptides in a defined stochiometry. These complexes can polymerize into long filaments in vitro. All septins contain sequence elements distantly related to conserved mot ...
Protein Structure Hierarchy
... backbone, sticks, spacefill, ball & stick, ribbons, strands and cartoons) from the “pull-down” menus. Think about the advantages and disadvantages of these different representations are you see them. Choosing the best way to view a structural detail can only be learned through experience. ...
... backbone, sticks, spacefill, ball & stick, ribbons, strands and cartoons) from the “pull-down” menus. Think about the advantages and disadvantages of these different representations are you see them. Choosing the best way to view a structural detail can only be learned through experience. ...
Chemosensation in C. elegans
... 1.2. ASE gustatory neurons sense salts and water-soluble attractants Chemotaxis of C. elegans to some cations, anions, cyclic nucleotides, and amino acids was first described by Ward (Ward, 1973). Although this list has been extended to more compounds, the number of known water-soluble attractants i ...
... 1.2. ASE gustatory neurons sense salts and water-soluble attractants Chemotaxis of C. elegans to some cations, anions, cyclic nucleotides, and amino acids was first described by Ward (Ward, 1973). Although this list has been extended to more compounds, the number of known water-soluble attractants i ...
The origin of biological information and programmed protein synthesis
... (or proto-mRNA, pt-mRNA) in the proto-small subunit (pt-small subunit), and in a fashion similar to that of the codon and anticodon interaction. The “anticodon” was then cleaved from the pt-tRNA molecule and ligated with the nascent RNA. However, there is no evidence to suggest that the required nuc ...
... (or proto-mRNA, pt-mRNA) in the proto-small subunit (pt-small subunit), and in a fashion similar to that of the codon and anticodon interaction. The “anticodon” was then cleaved from the pt-tRNA molecule and ligated with the nascent RNA. However, there is no evidence to suggest that the required nuc ...
Classification - HAL
... pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive, heterotrimeric G-proteins (Gi/o-type G-proteins) by catalyzing an exchange of GTP for GDP on the G subunit. The GTP-bound G subunit and the G dimer then trigger intracellular signaling pathways involved in chemotaxis and activation of leukocytes (4). Native C ...
... pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive, heterotrimeric G-proteins (Gi/o-type G-proteins) by catalyzing an exchange of GTP for GDP on the G subunit. The GTP-bound G subunit and the G dimer then trigger intracellular signaling pathways involved in chemotaxis and activation of leukocytes (4). Native C ...
Role of Adenosine in Response to Vascular Inflammation
... adenosine was “disturbance of the heart beat” initially described in a remarkably elegant study for the year 1929, conducted at the University of Cambridge by Drury and Szent-Györgyi.1 This preceded by 34 years the realization, first articulated by Robert Berne, that adenosine is responsible for the ...
... adenosine was “disturbance of the heart beat” initially described in a remarkably elegant study for the year 1929, conducted at the University of Cambridge by Drury and Szent-Györgyi.1 This preceded by 34 years the realization, first articulated by Robert Berne, that adenosine is responsible for the ...
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Ribosome
... distributed plant enzymes that inhibit protein synthesis by virtue of their N-glycosidic activity, selectively cleaving an adenine residue from a highly conserved and surface-exposed stem loop structure in the 28S rRNA (Endo and Tsurugi, 1987). This cleavage prevents the binding of the EF-2/GTP comp ...
... distributed plant enzymes that inhibit protein synthesis by virtue of their N-glycosidic activity, selectively cleaving an adenine residue from a highly conserved and surface-exposed stem loop structure in the 28S rRNA (Endo and Tsurugi, 1987). This cleavage prevents the binding of the EF-2/GTP comp ...
Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling by
... namely leucine-rich and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1 (LRIG1) (Gur et al., 2004; Laederich et al., 2004), suppressor of cytokine signalling 4 and 5 (SOCS4 and SOCS5) (Nicholson et al., 2005; Kario et al., 2005) and receptor-associated late transducer (RALT, also known as MIG6 and ERRFI1) (Fi ...
... namely leucine-rich and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1 (LRIG1) (Gur et al., 2004; Laederich et al., 2004), suppressor of cytokine signalling 4 and 5 (SOCS4 and SOCS5) (Nicholson et al., 2005; Kario et al., 2005) and receptor-associated late transducer (RALT, also known as MIG6 and ERRFI1) (Fi ...
Catalytic mechanism of nucleoside diphosphate kinase investigated
... of the nucleotides and to the 2′-position of the ribose, but the 3′-hydroxyl is found to be important for catalysis. We report in this paper the enzymatic analysis of a series of derivatives of thymidine diphosphate (TDP) where the 3′-OH group was removed or replaced by fluorine, azido, and amino gr ...
... of the nucleotides and to the 2′-position of the ribose, but the 3′-hydroxyl is found to be important for catalysis. We report in this paper the enzymatic analysis of a series of derivatives of thymidine diphosphate (TDP) where the 3′-OH group was removed or replaced by fluorine, azido, and amino gr ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... controlled by the transcription factor, SREBP (sterol regulatory element–binding protein) that binds DNA at the cis-acting sterol regulatory element (SRE) of the reductase gene. • SREBP is an integral protein of the ER membrane, and associates with a second ER membrane protein, SCAP (SREBP cleavage– ...
... controlled by the transcription factor, SREBP (sterol regulatory element–binding protein) that binds DNA at the cis-acting sterol regulatory element (SRE) of the reductase gene. • SREBP is an integral protein of the ER membrane, and associates with a second ER membrane protein, SCAP (SREBP cleavage– ...
as a PDF - CiteSeerX
... CD34 may have roles in both adhesion and differentiation. In a myeloid leukemia cell line we demonstrated that forced expression impaired terminal differentiation.12 To address how CD34 transduces signals during adhesion, we sought to identify proteins that physically associated with the intracellul ...
... CD34 may have roles in both adhesion and differentiation. In a myeloid leukemia cell line we demonstrated that forced expression impaired terminal differentiation.12 To address how CD34 transduces signals during adhesion, we sought to identify proteins that physically associated with the intracellul ...
Suppressor of Hairless-independent events in
... repeat peptide does not simply cancel the activity of the activated forms of Notch (Fig. 3). Finally, we find that Su(H)dependent transcription of reporter genes in S2 cultured cells, while enhanced by Nact, is not affected by the expression of the ANK peptide. Fig. 4 summarizes the results of a rep ...
... repeat peptide does not simply cancel the activity of the activated forms of Notch (Fig. 3). Finally, we find that Su(H)dependent transcription of reporter genes in S2 cultured cells, while enhanced by Nact, is not affected by the expression of the ANK peptide. Fig. 4 summarizes the results of a rep ...
Catalytic Mechanism and Regulation of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclases
... Catalytic Core of Adenylyl Cyclase Extracellular signals (i.e., hormones, neurotransmitters, odorants, and autocrines) require at least three membrane components to modulate intracellular cAMP: a heptahelical receptor, a heterotrimeric G protein, and adenylyl cyclase. The main stimulatory effect of ...
... Catalytic Core of Adenylyl Cyclase Extracellular signals (i.e., hormones, neurotransmitters, odorants, and autocrines) require at least three membrane components to modulate intracellular cAMP: a heptahelical receptor, a heterotrimeric G protein, and adenylyl cyclase. The main stimulatory effect of ...
Brown, V, Small, K, Lakkis, L, Feng, Y, Gunter, C, Wilkinson, KD and Warren, ST: Purified recombinant Fmrp exhibits selective RNA-binding as an intrinsic property of the fragile X mental retardation protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273:15521-15527 (1998).
... was mixed with 250 ng of FLAG-Fmrp in 13 ERBB buffer and incubated in a 10-ml reaction volume at 30 °C for 30 min. The RNA was captured with streptavidin-linked magnetic beads (Dynal) and washed three times for 10 min each with 0.7 ml of IPP150 buffer at room temperature. Protein was eluted by boili ...
... was mixed with 250 ng of FLAG-Fmrp in 13 ERBB buffer and incubated in a 10-ml reaction volume at 30 °C for 30 min. The RNA was captured with streptavidin-linked magnetic beads (Dynal) and washed three times for 10 min each with 0.7 ml of IPP150 buffer at room temperature. Protein was eluted by boili ...
Maternal control of the Drosophila dorsalventral body axis
... the tracheal spiracles also known as Filzkörper. Cells originating in ventrolateral regions generate the conspicuous band of ventral denticles that aid the embryo in moving through food. Finally, cells derived from the most ventral region of the embryo do not contribute to the cuticle. Rather, they ...
... the tracheal spiracles also known as Filzkörper. Cells originating in ventrolateral regions generate the conspicuous band of ventral denticles that aid the embryo in moving through food. Finally, cells derived from the most ventral region of the embryo do not contribute to the cuticle. Rather, they ...
-ATPases:
... of cation pumps that (a) form an aspartyl phosphate reaction cycle intermediate, (b) are inhibited by vanadate, and (c) share a common domain organization (12, 73, 80, 106). Other ATPases belonging to this family include the fungal plasma membrane H+-ATPases; the animal Na+/K+-ATPase; the gastric H+ ...
... of cation pumps that (a) form an aspartyl phosphate reaction cycle intermediate, (b) are inhibited by vanadate, and (c) share a common domain organization (12, 73, 80, 106). Other ATPases belonging to this family include the fungal plasma membrane H+-ATPases; the animal Na+/K+-ATPase; the gastric H+ ...
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase, the target for nitrogen
... the mammalian mevalonate pathway enzymes remains unclear. The pathway has also been investigated in plants and it appears that some, but not all, of the enzymes are peroxisomal, and that there may also be mitochondrial isoenzymes of both isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase and FDPS [3,11–13]. However, ...
... the mammalian mevalonate pathway enzymes remains unclear. The pathway has also been investigated in plants and it appears that some, but not all, of the enzymes are peroxisomal, and that there may also be mitochondrial isoenzymes of both isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase and FDPS [3,11–13]. However, ...
Interaction between calmodulin and ER
... transcriptional coactivators. This complex activates transcription of ERα target genes. ...
... transcriptional coactivators. This complex activates transcription of ERα target genes. ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).