Purification and Properties of the Dictyostelium Calpain
... reminiscent of the autoproteolytic activation of mammalian calpains (27, 34). To investigate whether the proteolysis was caused by a contaminant in the phenyl-Sepharose fractions, individual Cpl peak tubes from the phenyl-Sepharose chromatography step were incubated in the absence of inhibitors. The ...
... reminiscent of the autoproteolytic activation of mammalian calpains (27, 34). To investigate whether the proteolysis was caused by a contaminant in the phenyl-Sepharose fractions, individual Cpl peak tubes from the phenyl-Sepharose chromatography step were incubated in the absence of inhibitors. The ...
Intestinal peptidases form functional complexes with the neutral
... where proteins are hydrolysed into small peptides (2–10 amino acids long) by intestinal proteases. Subsequent digestion occurs via the membrane-bound brush-border peptidases, which further hydrolyse small oligopeptides to produce di-/tri-peptides and single amino acids [3,4]. These digestion end-pro ...
... where proteins are hydrolysed into small peptides (2–10 amino acids long) by intestinal proteases. Subsequent digestion occurs via the membrane-bound brush-border peptidases, which further hydrolyse small oligopeptides to produce di-/tri-peptides and single amino acids [3,4]. These digestion end-pro ...
Protein metabolism in exercising human with special reference to
... peptide glycylalanine (Gly-Ala) is depicted as being formed by removal of a water molecule when glycine is linked to alanine. Reproduced from Mathews et al. 2000. ...
... peptide glycylalanine (Gly-Ala) is depicted as being formed by removal of a water molecule when glycine is linked to alanine. Reproduced from Mathews et al. 2000. ...
Guanylate cyclase in Dictyostelium discoideum with the topology of
... unicellular organism in the presence of a food source, such as bacteria. Starvation induces a developmental programme leading to cell aggregation and the formation of a fruiting body, which is composed of a stalk with a spore head. Chemotaxis plays a pivotal role during both growth and development. ...
... unicellular organism in the presence of a food source, such as bacteria. Starvation induces a developmental programme leading to cell aggregation and the formation of a fruiting body, which is composed of a stalk with a spore head. Chemotaxis plays a pivotal role during both growth and development. ...
The contribution of the Trp/Met/Phe residues to physical interactions
... p53 is also known for its role in binding the MDM2 protein to inactivate transcription [34], by blocking its ability to transactivate (i.e. bind to transcription activation factors) [35]. In 1992, it was found that MDM2 forms a tight complex with the p53 protein, and the mdm-2 oncogene can inhibit p ...
... p53 is also known for its role in binding the MDM2 protein to inactivate transcription [34], by blocking its ability to transactivate (i.e. bind to transcription activation factors) [35]. In 1992, it was found that MDM2 forms a tight complex with the p53 protein, and the mdm-2 oncogene can inhibit p ...
Cooperative Regulation of Cell Polarity and Growth by Drosophila
... such proteins may affect signaling pathways that maintain cells in a differentiated, nonproliferative state. Additionally, the aberrant cell-cell junctions formed in scrib, dlg, and lgl mutants could compromise contact inhibition. Finally, disruption of cell-cell contacts may release junction-locali ...
... such proteins may affect signaling pathways that maintain cells in a differentiated, nonproliferative state. Additionally, the aberrant cell-cell junctions formed in scrib, dlg, and lgl mutants could compromise contact inhibition. Finally, disruption of cell-cell contacts may release junction-locali ...
5 The structure and function of membrane proteins
... can now search databases comparing proteins at the level of DNA or amino acid sequences, building up patterns of homology and relationships that provide insight into origin and possible function. In addition we use computers routinely to calculate properties such as isoelectric point, number of hydr ...
... can now search databases comparing proteins at the level of DNA or amino acid sequences, building up patterns of homology and relationships that provide insight into origin and possible function. In addition we use computers routinely to calculate properties such as isoelectric point, number of hydr ...
A proteomic study of African elephant milk: Inter
... β-casein is a major component of casein proteins and it is the most hydrophobic casein, furthermore, it does not contain a cysteine and the sequence consists of 209 amino acid residues (Greenberg et al., 1984; Martin et al., 2003). In solution, β-casein forms detergent like micelle aggregates and th ...
... β-casein is a major component of casein proteins and it is the most hydrophobic casein, furthermore, it does not contain a cysteine and the sequence consists of 209 amino acid residues (Greenberg et al., 1984; Martin et al., 2003). In solution, β-casein forms detergent like micelle aggregates and th ...
mechanisms regulating neuromuscular junction development and
... axons to the periphery and form neuromuscular junctions to innervate skeletal muscle fibers. Axons are wrapped by myelin sheaths formed by Schwann cells. At the site of neuromuscular contact, axons ramify into branches and form presynaptic nerve terminals that are capped by terminal Schwann cells an ...
... axons to the periphery and form neuromuscular junctions to innervate skeletal muscle fibers. Axons are wrapped by myelin sheaths formed by Schwann cells. At the site of neuromuscular contact, axons ramify into branches and form presynaptic nerve terminals that are capped by terminal Schwann cells an ...
Introduction Wnt signaling in development
... The Wnt signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of metazoan development. Wnt signaling controls cell fate specification and proliferation by regulating the expression of specific target genes and also controls cell polarity and migration by directly modulating the cytoskeleton (Cadigan and Nu ...
... The Wnt signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of metazoan development. Wnt signaling controls cell fate specification and proliferation by regulating the expression of specific target genes and also controls cell polarity and migration by directly modulating the cytoskeleton (Cadigan and Nu ...
Gene Section FST (follistatin) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... bound activin is unable to initiate signal transduction and consequently follistatin is a potent antagonist of physiological activin signals. Of the three follistatin domains present in all follistatin isoforms, (Shimasaki et al., 1988) the first two, but not the third, are necessary for activin A b ...
... bound activin is unable to initiate signal transduction and consequently follistatin is a potent antagonist of physiological activin signals. Of the three follistatin domains present in all follistatin isoforms, (Shimasaki et al., 1988) the first two, but not the third, are necessary for activin A b ...
Yeast secretory expression of insulin precursors
... mellitus, and the requirement for insulin is increasing by 3±4% (in volume) yearly. Approximately 150 mg of insulin can be puri®ed from one porcine pancreas and the quantity of insulin needed to satisfy current requirements would be dicult to produce by pancreatic extraction. Developments in molecu ...
... mellitus, and the requirement for insulin is increasing by 3±4% (in volume) yearly. Approximately 150 mg of insulin can be puri®ed from one porcine pancreas and the quantity of insulin needed to satisfy current requirements would be dicult to produce by pancreatic extraction. Developments in molecu ...
PPTX - Bonham Chemistry
... added to the brewing water to lower mash pH. Also, food grade acids , such as lactic acid or phosphoric acid, can be added to brewing water to lower mash pH. • The enzyme beta glucanase is active during this rest. This enzyme breaks down beta glucans. Under modified malts and some adjuncts with high ...
... added to the brewing water to lower mash pH. Also, food grade acids , such as lactic acid or phosphoric acid, can be added to brewing water to lower mash pH. • The enzyme beta glucanase is active during this rest. This enzyme breaks down beta glucans. Under modified malts and some adjuncts with high ...
Depletion of the co-chaperone CDC-37 reveals two
... cdc-37(RNAi) embryos exhibit polarity defects In a study to identify proteins that interact with the mammalian Par proteins, Cdc37 co-purified in complexes with both aPKC and LKB1 (Brajenovic et al., 2004). On the basis of this result, we sought to test Cdc37 homologs for roles in polarity establish ...
... cdc-37(RNAi) embryos exhibit polarity defects In a study to identify proteins that interact with the mammalian Par proteins, Cdc37 co-purified in complexes with both aPKC and LKB1 (Brajenovic et al., 2004). On the basis of this result, we sought to test Cdc37 homologs for roles in polarity establish ...
Dynamics of lipoprotein transport in the human circulatory system
... mutagenesis of key amino acids of receptor- and heparin-binding sites that are absent from pancreatic lipase (Fig. 2). LPL is a serine hydrolase whose active site triad is made up of the $1.~2, Disc, and H24j residues. Consistent with other lipases in this family, the primary sequence of LPL predict ...
... mutagenesis of key amino acids of receptor- and heparin-binding sites that are absent from pancreatic lipase (Fig. 2). LPL is a serine hydrolase whose active site triad is made up of the $1.~2, Disc, and H24j residues. Consistent with other lipases in this family, the primary sequence of LPL predict ...
Melatonin Receptors Trigger cAMP Production and Inhibit Chloride
... inhibition compared with control. Indeed, melatonin completely inhibited chloride release for about 602 seconds (10.0 minutes) and 5-MCA-NAT for roughly 860 seconds (14.3 minutes). After that, and in the presence of these two compounds, the slope of their respective curves was not as steep as the co ...
... inhibition compared with control. Indeed, melatonin completely inhibited chloride release for about 602 seconds (10.0 minutes) and 5-MCA-NAT for roughly 860 seconds (14.3 minutes). After that, and in the presence of these two compounds, the slope of their respective curves was not as steep as the co ...
Glyphosate pathways to modern diseases V: Amino
... However, given the large number of diseases and conditions that are correlated with glyphosate usage, we suspect that there is something much more insidious and fundamental than chelation or enzyme suppression that is happening with glyphosate. The fact that it is a synthetic amino acid, an analogue ...
... However, given the large number of diseases and conditions that are correlated with glyphosate usage, we suspect that there is something much more insidious and fundamental than chelation or enzyme suppression that is happening with glyphosate. The fact that it is a synthetic amino acid, an analogue ...
Architecture and Biosynthesis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell
... force microscope to detect surface accessibility of “molecular rulers” consisting of versions of the plasma membrane sensor Wsc1 with different lengths (Dupres et al. 2010; Yamaguchi et al. 2011). The wall’s major components are b1,3- and b1,6-linked glucans, mannoproteins, and chitin, which can be ...
... force microscope to detect surface accessibility of “molecular rulers” consisting of versions of the plasma membrane sensor Wsc1 with different lengths (Dupres et al. 2010; Yamaguchi et al. 2011). The wall’s major components are b1,3- and b1,6-linked glucans, mannoproteins, and chitin, which can be ...
Resistance of Helicoverpa armigera to Cry1Ac toxin from Bacillus
... The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produces ICPs (insecticidal crystal proteins) that are deposited in their spore mother cells. When susceptible lepidopteran larvae ingest these spore mother cells, the ICPs get solubilized in the alkaline gut environment. Of approx. 140 insecticidal proteins desc ...
... The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produces ICPs (insecticidal crystal proteins) that are deposited in their spore mother cells. When susceptible lepidopteran larvae ingest these spore mother cells, the ICPs get solubilized in the alkaline gut environment. Of approx. 140 insecticidal proteins desc ...
... (Bowman-Birk). The Kunitz inhibitors family is usually 18-24kDa heterogeneous proteins consisting of a number of isoinhibitors, with two disulfide linkages and a single trypsin reactive site (defined by an arginine residue) in one of the protein loops. The BBI are small cysteine-rich proteins in si ...
... Their ability to reversibly bind to a specific saccharide has attracted the attention of scientists. Each lectin has a characteristic sugar-binding specificity profile indicating that they are able to recognize different glycotopes (Kamiya et al., 2012). Based on the specificity of the sugar bound, ...
Identification of proteins localized to the contractile vacuole of
... bloodstream, acidic phagolysosomes, and host cell cytosol. Thus, the parasites have mechanisms to respond to both hypo-osmotic and hyper-osmotic stresses. The contractile vacuole complex is an osmoregulatory organelle, which controls intracellular water balance by accumulating excess water and expel ...
... bloodstream, acidic phagolysosomes, and host cell cytosol. Thus, the parasites have mechanisms to respond to both hypo-osmotic and hyper-osmotic stresses. The contractile vacuole complex is an osmoregulatory organelle, which controls intracellular water balance by accumulating excess water and expel ...
The GDP-bound form of Arf6 is located at the plasma membrane
... implicated in endocytosis and actin rearrangements at the cell periphery (Chavrier and Goud, 1999) but its precise function remains to be discovered. Two mutants of Arf6, Q67L and T27N, are considered to mimic the GTP- and GDP-bound forms, respectively, and have been used extensively to apprehend th ...
... implicated in endocytosis and actin rearrangements at the cell periphery (Chavrier and Goud, 1999) but its precise function remains to be discovered. Two mutants of Arf6, Q67L and T27N, are considered to mimic the GTP- and GDP-bound forms, respectively, and have been used extensively to apprehend th ...
Metabolism of Tac - The Journal of Experimental Medicine
... levels o f all soluble proteins depend on the balance between production and catabolism, but little is k n o w n about the metabolic features o f this class o f molecules. W e have developed a model for Tac metabolism that incorporates new insights in its production and catabolism. Tac was shed from ...
... levels o f all soluble proteins depend on the balance between production and catabolism, but little is k n o w n about the metabolic features o f this class o f molecules. W e have developed a model for Tac metabolism that incorporates new insights in its production and catabolism. Tac was shed from ...
Escherichia coli FtsZ polymers contain mostly GTP and
... and Amos, 1999; 2000; Lu et al., 2000). Several models have been proposed to relate these properties of FtsZ with cell division (Bramhill, 1997; Erickson, 1997); however, the mechanisms that relate GTP binding, GTP hydrolysis and self-association and the roles that these processes play in FtsZ funct ...
... and Amos, 1999; 2000; Lu et al., 2000). Several models have been proposed to relate these properties of FtsZ with cell division (Bramhill, 1997; Erickson, 1997); however, the mechanisms that relate GTP binding, GTP hydrolysis and self-association and the roles that these processes play in FtsZ funct ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).