RuBisCO in Non-Photosynthetic Alga Euglena longa: Divergent
... both species the genome harbors a region comprising three tandemly arrayed operons, each including the 16S, 23S, and 5S rDNA genes, as well as one additional adjacent stand-alone copy of the 16S rDNA gene [15,16]. However, all the genes encoding photosynthesis-related proteins are absent from the pl ...
... both species the genome harbors a region comprising three tandemly arrayed operons, each including the 16S, 23S, and 5S rDNA genes, as well as one additional adjacent stand-alone copy of the 16S rDNA gene [15,16]. However, all the genes encoding photosynthesis-related proteins are absent from the pl ...
Capping protein: new insights into mechanism
... peptides, were sufficient to cap the ends on their own with affinities remarkably similar to the capping affinity of the chicken CP a1 subunit C-terminal deletion mutant [23]. Thus, CP seems to use its two extreme C-terminal regions as independent actin-binding sites to cap the barbed end. The hydro ...
... peptides, were sufficient to cap the ends on their own with affinities remarkably similar to the capping affinity of the chicken CP a1 subunit C-terminal deletion mutant [23]. Thus, CP seems to use its two extreme C-terminal regions as independent actin-binding sites to cap the barbed end. The hydro ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... and its function in the development of the cerk1-4 phenotype. Arabidopsis accessions were found to vary regarding the abundance of the shed CERK1 ectodomain. The presence of prolines within the extracellular stalk of CERK1 positively correlated with ectodomain abundance. CERK1 variants lacking speci ...
... and its function in the development of the cerk1-4 phenotype. Arabidopsis accessions were found to vary regarding the abundance of the shed CERK1 ectodomain. The presence of prolines within the extracellular stalk of CERK1 positively correlated with ectodomain abundance. CERK1 variants lacking speci ...
Structure-Based Prediction of Asparagine and Aspartate
... Figure 2. Occurrence of Asn and Asp amino acid motifs in the CDRs of a therapeutic mAb collection and a set of naturally occurring antibodies (IMGT). Black triangles show percentages of hotspots within Asn and Asp motifs of the experimental collection of 37 mAbs. Bars represent percentages of depict ...
... Figure 2. Occurrence of Asn and Asp amino acid motifs in the CDRs of a therapeutic mAb collection and a set of naturally occurring antibodies (IMGT). Black triangles show percentages of hotspots within Asn and Asp motifs of the experimental collection of 37 mAbs. Bars represent percentages of depict ...
Practical Aspects of Estimating Energy Components in
... Purified ten targeted proteins from sera of patients with various types of advanced stage(stage III-IV)cancers. These proteins were identified as isoforms of the human serum amyloid protein A (SAA) family with or without truncations at their N-terminals. ...
... Purified ten targeted proteins from sera of patients with various types of advanced stage(stage III-IV)cancers. These proteins were identified as isoforms of the human serum amyloid protein A (SAA) family with or without truncations at their N-terminals. ...
Regulation of E. coli Glycogen Phosphorylase Activity by HPr
... structure of the phosphoryl transfer complex between EIN and HPr was also elucidated by high resolution NMR spectroscopy (Garrett et al., 1999). Since the PTS was discovered in E. coli nearly 35 years ago (Kundig et al., 1964), additional studies have documented other metabolic roles of this system ...
... structure of the phosphoryl transfer complex between EIN and HPr was also elucidated by high resolution NMR spectroscopy (Garrett et al., 1999). Since the PTS was discovered in E. coli nearly 35 years ago (Kundig et al., 1964), additional studies have documented other metabolic roles of this system ...
The role of c-di-GMP signaling in an Aeromonas veronii biovar
... pSB536, which preferentially detects N-(butanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), was used (Swift et al., 1997; Winson et al., 1998). To estimate the amount of HSL in the culture, a standard curve of relative light units as a function of C4-HSL concentration was constructed using E. coli JM109 (pSB53 ...
... pSB536, which preferentially detects N-(butanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), was used (Swift et al., 1997; Winson et al., 1998). To estimate the amount of HSL in the culture, a standard curve of relative light units as a function of C4-HSL concentration was constructed using E. coli JM109 (pSB53 ...
Termination of translation: interplay of mRNA, rRNAs and release
... rRNA can interact directly with stop codons in mRNA (see Arkov and Murgola, 1999). This version of the ®rst hypothesis is supported by data from several experiments. First, mutations in the small and large rRNAs strongly affect translational termination (see Green and Noller, 1997; Velichutina et al ...
... rRNA can interact directly with stop codons in mRNA (see Arkov and Murgola, 1999). This version of the ®rst hypothesis is supported by data from several experiments. First, mutations in the small and large rRNAs strongly affect translational termination (see Green and Noller, 1997; Velichutina et al ...
Presequence-Independent Manner Transported by the TIM23
... imidazole, 1 mM PMSF, 50 mM NaH2PO4), and bound proteins were eluted using the same buffer supplemented with 300 mM imidazole. Subsequently, imidazole was diluted using buffer C, and samples were incubated with IgG-Sepharose beads. Beads were washed extensively with buffer C, and bound protein was r ...
... imidazole, 1 mM PMSF, 50 mM NaH2PO4), and bound proteins were eluted using the same buffer supplemented with 300 mM imidazole. Subsequently, imidazole was diluted using buffer C, and samples were incubated with IgG-Sepharose beads. Beads were washed extensively with buffer C, and bound protein was r ...
BMP binding domains in the extracellular space
... In the case of fibrillar procollagens I, II, III and V, which are the major components of the ECM of skin, bones and cartilage (Scriver et al., 1995), the CR domain is present in the NH2propeptide. It has recently been shown that BMP2 and TGFβ1 can bind to the procollagen IIA CR domain (Zhu et al., ...
... In the case of fibrillar procollagens I, II, III and V, which are the major components of the ECM of skin, bones and cartilage (Scriver et al., 1995), the CR domain is present in the NH2propeptide. It has recently been shown that BMP2 and TGFβ1 can bind to the procollagen IIA CR domain (Zhu et al., ...
The Vg1-related protein Gdf3 acts in a Nodal signaling
... poorly understood. The Xenopus Vg1 gene was originally identified in a screen for vegetally localized maternal transcripts in the blastula stage embryo, and was proposed to act as an axial mesoderm inducer (Kessler and Melton, 1995; Melton, 1987; Thomsen and Melton, 1993; Weeks and Melton, 1987). Al ...
... poorly understood. The Xenopus Vg1 gene was originally identified in a screen for vegetally localized maternal transcripts in the blastula stage embryo, and was proposed to act as an axial mesoderm inducer (Kessler and Melton, 1995; Melton, 1987; Thomsen and Melton, 1993; Weeks and Melton, 1987). Al ...
Multiple Roles of the Cytoskeleton in Bacterial Autophagy
... cytoplasmic material to the lysosome for degradation (Figure 1A). The different steps of canonical autophagy have been well characterized and involve the assembly of at least 36 autophagyrelated (ATG) proteins into distinct complexes [5]. The ATG1UNC-51-like kinase (ULK) complex initiates formation ...
... cytoplasmic material to the lysosome for degradation (Figure 1A). The different steps of canonical autophagy have been well characterized and involve the assembly of at least 36 autophagyrelated (ATG) proteins into distinct complexes [5]. The ATG1UNC-51-like kinase (ULK) complex initiates formation ...
A B23-interacting sequence as a tool to visualize protein interactions
... and in foci called prenucleolar bodies (PNBs) at the exit from mitosis. It is a multifunctional protein that has nucleic acid binding, ribonuclease and molecular chaperone activities. By mapping the functional domains of B23, it was found that the N-terminal domain of B23 is necessary and sufficient ...
... and in foci called prenucleolar bodies (PNBs) at the exit from mitosis. It is a multifunctional protein that has nucleic acid binding, ribonuclease and molecular chaperone activities. By mapping the functional domains of B23, it was found that the N-terminal domain of B23 is necessary and sufficient ...
Eater, a Transmembrane Protein Mediating
... abundant protein domains playing a role in extracellular protein-protein interactions such as adhesion, coagulation, and receptor-ligand interactions. They contain about 40 amino acids comprising six disulfide-bonded cysteines and several additional conserved residues at defined positions (Campbell ...
... abundant protein domains playing a role in extracellular protein-protein interactions such as adhesion, coagulation, and receptor-ligand interactions. They contain about 40 amino acids comprising six disulfide-bonded cysteines and several additional conserved residues at defined positions (Campbell ...
and Fibrinogen-Dependent Mechanisms Contribute to Platelet
... FIG. 1. Domain organization of ClfB. The signal sequence (S) is followed by the ligand binding A domain, which is projected from the cell surface by the repeat region (R). The C terminus consists of wall (W), membrane (M), and cytoplasmic (C) spanning domains. The LPETG motif is requited for cross-l ...
... FIG. 1. Domain organization of ClfB. The signal sequence (S) is followed by the ligand binding A domain, which is projected from the cell surface by the repeat region (R). The C terminus consists of wall (W), membrane (M), and cytoplasmic (C) spanning domains. The LPETG motif is requited for cross-l ...
mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) controls hydrophobic motif
... mTORC2 immunoprecipitated from wild-type, but not from mLST8- or rictor-knockout cells, phosphorylated SGK1 at Ser422 . Consistent with mTORC1 not regulating SGK1, immunoprecipitated mTORC1 failed to phosphorylate SGK1 at Ser422 , under conditions which it phosphorylated the hydrophobic motif of S6K ...
... mTORC2 immunoprecipitated from wild-type, but not from mLST8- or rictor-knockout cells, phosphorylated SGK1 at Ser422 . Consistent with mTORC1 not regulating SGK1, immunoprecipitated mTORC1 failed to phosphorylate SGK1 at Ser422 , under conditions which it phosphorylated the hydrophobic motif of S6K ...
Insights into interactions between poly(ethylene glycol) and proteins
... inertness with protein surfaces8-9. Dextran is a mostly linear polymer composed of glucose monomers linked via α-(1,6)-D-glycosidic bonds (approximately 95%) with an occasional α-(1,3)-D-glycosidic linkage10-12. ...
... inertness with protein surfaces8-9. Dextran is a mostly linear polymer composed of glucose monomers linked via α-(1,6)-D-glycosidic bonds (approximately 95%) with an occasional α-(1,3)-D-glycosidic linkage10-12. ...
Recent Advances Towards New Anti-Infective Agents that Inhibit
... available, SrtA catalyzes the hydrolysis of the threonineglycine peptide bond [43]. Hydrolysis presumably occurs through a similar mechanism as transpeptidation, with a water molecule acting as the nucleophile during deacylation. The hydrolysis and transpeptidation reactions have distinct rate limit ...
... available, SrtA catalyzes the hydrolysis of the threonineglycine peptide bond [43]. Hydrolysis presumably occurs through a similar mechanism as transpeptidation, with a water molecule acting as the nucleophile during deacylation. The hydrolysis and transpeptidation reactions have distinct rate limit ...
Case Study: BPTI
... of a two dimensional plot of distances between the Cα atoms of any pair of amino acid residues in a protein can provide important and useful information regarding its the tertiary structure. Fig. 5 shows the contact map generated for BPTI, in which the pairwise Cα distances are displayed in a gray s ...
... of a two dimensional plot of distances between the Cα atoms of any pair of amino acid residues in a protein can provide important and useful information regarding its the tertiary structure. Fig. 5 shows the contact map generated for BPTI, in which the pairwise Cα distances are displayed in a gray s ...
Two-Component Systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as
... Every living organism senses changes in environmental and intracellular signals and responds accordingly to adapt to and survive in these new conditions. For this purpose, bacteria have evolved surface-exposed signal transduction systems, typically comprised of transmembrane proteins that channel th ...
... Every living organism senses changes in environmental and intracellular signals and responds accordingly to adapt to and survive in these new conditions. For this purpose, bacteria have evolved surface-exposed signal transduction systems, typically comprised of transmembrane proteins that channel th ...
A processed form of the Spätzle protein defines dorsal
... Fig. 1. Rescue of dorsal-ventral pattern elements by perivitelline injection of polarizing activity. Cuticular patterns of uninjected (A,B) and injected (C) embryos and gastrulation patterns of uninjected (D,E) and injected (F,G) embryos. All embryos are shown dorsal side up, anterior to the left. T ...
... Fig. 1. Rescue of dorsal-ventral pattern elements by perivitelline injection of polarizing activity. Cuticular patterns of uninjected (A,B) and injected (C) embryos and gastrulation patterns of uninjected (D,E) and injected (F,G) embryos. All embryos are shown dorsal side up, anterior to the left. T ...
The Role of Cyclin B in Meiosis I
... of the mitotic cell cycles (Masui and Clarke, 1979). However, in contrast to somatic ceils, most embryonic cells have abbreviated cell cycles consisting of rapid, alternating periods of DNA synthesis (interphase) and mitosis (M phase). The G1 and G2 periods are absent or very short in these "cleavag ...
... of the mitotic cell cycles (Masui and Clarke, 1979). However, in contrast to somatic ceils, most embryonic cells have abbreviated cell cycles consisting of rapid, alternating periods of DNA synthesis (interphase) and mitosis (M phase). The G1 and G2 periods are absent or very short in these "cleavag ...
Identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins that bind to
... solenoid model in that alternate nucleosomes interact with each other and sequential nucleosomes (nucleosomes connected by linker DNA) are positioned opposite each other. This way the linker DNA can remain more rigid and a secondary structure resembling a “two start” helix is formed (Dorigo et al. 2 ...
... solenoid model in that alternate nucleosomes interact with each other and sequential nucleosomes (nucleosomes connected by linker DNA) are positioned opposite each other. This way the linker DNA can remain more rigid and a secondary structure resembling a “two start” helix is formed (Dorigo et al. 2 ...
With No Lysine (WNK) Family Proteins and Their
... FIGURE 2-2 Domain structure of WNK kinases .............................................................. 9 FIGURE 2-3 Domain structure of OSR1.......................................................................... 26 FIGURE 2-4 RFXV bound to OSR1 PF2 domain....................................... ...
... FIGURE 2-2 Domain structure of WNK kinases .............................................................. 9 FIGURE 2-3 Domain structure of OSR1.......................................................................... 26 FIGURE 2-4 RFXV bound to OSR1 PF2 domain....................................... ...
A Raman spectroscopic study of the interaction between nucleotides
... varying length has shown that the proton resonances of one phenylalanine, one tryptophan, and five tyrosine residues shift upon nucleotide binding. This provided evidence that some of the aromatic residues are directly involved in complex formation. The importance of aromatic residues for polynucleo ...
... varying length has shown that the proton resonances of one phenylalanine, one tryptophan, and five tyrosine residues shift upon nucleotide binding. This provided evidence that some of the aromatic residues are directly involved in complex formation. The importance of aromatic residues for polynucleo ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).