Effect of Ca on H -ATPase activity of plasma membrane in
... pump that directly couples ATP hydrolysis with the vectorial transport of H into the appolast. The electrochemical proton gradient acts as a driving force for the secondary transport of ions and nutrients into and out of cell. It also controls some major physiological-biochemical process, e.g. gro ...
... pump that directly couples ATP hydrolysis with the vectorial transport of H into the appolast. The electrochemical proton gradient acts as a driving force for the secondary transport of ions and nutrients into and out of cell. It also controls some major physiological-biochemical process, e.g. gro ...
Jon Magnuson, Glenn Fryxell, Linda Lasure, Doug Elliot (PNNL)
... Microscopic reversibility means that outside cells, reactions A --> B and B --> A are feasible. Unlike typical chemical catalysts, enzymatic reactions occur at ambient conditions; i.e. green technology. Enzyme fragility has been a primary limiting factor in applications. Our breakthrough is applicab ...
... Microscopic reversibility means that outside cells, reactions A --> B and B --> A are feasible. Unlike typical chemical catalysts, enzymatic reactions occur at ambient conditions; i.e. green technology. Enzyme fragility has been a primary limiting factor in applications. Our breakthrough is applicab ...
The use of deuteration for the structural study of larger proteins
... distributions of electrons around the nucleus. ...
... distributions of electrons around the nucleus. ...
The Wnt signaling pathway mechanisms
... 1998). The principal Wnt receptors in the cell membrane are the Frizzled receptors (Fzd) (Nusse, 2005). Fzd receptors belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. The Fzd receptor proteins encompass a N-terminal signal sequence, an extracellular domain of 120 conserved amino acids with ...
... 1998). The principal Wnt receptors in the cell membrane are the Frizzled receptors (Fzd) (Nusse, 2005). Fzd receptors belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. The Fzd receptor proteins encompass a N-terminal signal sequence, an extracellular domain of 120 conserved amino acids with ...
Transporters of nucleotide sugars, nucleotide
... One would expect mammalian homozygotes in some Golgi transporter mutations to be lethal, as many transporters are highly specific and gene disruptions of glycosyltransferases acting downstream from these transporters were found to be so, that is, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (Ioffe and Stanley, ...
... One would expect mammalian homozygotes in some Golgi transporter mutations to be lethal, as many transporters are highly specific and gene disruptions of glycosyltransferases acting downstream from these transporters were found to be so, that is, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (Ioffe and Stanley, ...
Developmentally regulated, alternative splicing of the Rpn10 gene
... amino acid residues, respectively. Thus, each Rpn10 form has a unique structural feature that distinguishes one from another. To understand how the multiple Rpn10 cDNAs are produced, we isolated genomic clones for Rpn10 from a mouse l phage library. Only one Rpn10 gene, designated Psmd4, was identi® ...
... amino acid residues, respectively. Thus, each Rpn10 form has a unique structural feature that distinguishes one from another. To understand how the multiple Rpn10 cDNAs are produced, we isolated genomic clones for Rpn10 from a mouse l phage library. Only one Rpn10 gene, designated Psmd4, was identi® ...
ref. #29 of the TIBS article
... given reference residue at the end of the transmembrane helix (the first Gln after the poly-Leu stretch) and the glycosylation acceptor Asn needed to achieve half-maximal glycosylation (see Figure 2B). We have shown previously that the P2 domain in mutants where the acceptor Asn is too close to the ...
... given reference residue at the end of the transmembrane helix (the first Gln after the poly-Leu stretch) and the glycosylation acceptor Asn needed to achieve half-maximal glycosylation (see Figure 2B). We have shown previously that the P2 domain in mutants where the acceptor Asn is too close to the ...
5 Molecular basis of type-2 diabetes
... aPKCs are not activated by diacylglycerol. However, although aPKCs lack PH domains, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate bind to the regulatory domains ...
... aPKCs are not activated by diacylglycerol. However, although aPKCs lack PH domains, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate bind to the regulatory domains ...
From Sequence to Structure
... peptide backbone, to polar organic molecules, and to water. This tendency dominates the interactions in which they participate. Some of them can change their charge state depending on their pH or the microenvironment. Aspartic acid and glutamic acid have pKa values near 5 in aqueous solution, so the ...
... peptide backbone, to polar organic molecules, and to water. This tendency dominates the interactions in which they participate. Some of them can change their charge state depending on their pH or the microenvironment. Aspartic acid and glutamic acid have pKa values near 5 in aqueous solution, so the ...
Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Oxidative Phosphorylation
... Molecular Probes offers a range of subunit-specific antibodies for the study of mitochondrial function and dysfunction (Tables 13 and Figure 1), including monoclonal antibodies specific for subunits of human COX (Complex IV) and for representative subunits of human Complexes I, II, III and V. These ...
... Molecular Probes offers a range of subunit-specific antibodies for the study of mitochondrial function and dysfunction (Tables 13 and Figure 1), including monoclonal antibodies specific for subunits of human COX (Complex IV) and for representative subunits of human Complexes I, II, III and V. These ...
Two decades of studying non-covalent biomolecular assemblies by
... which the surface tension holding them together equals the Coulombic repulsion between the charges on their surface, and droplet fission occurs. Successive rounds of evaporation and fission occur until an analyte ion is formed via one of two different mechanisms. Analyte ions formed by the ‘ion evapor ...
... which the surface tension holding them together equals the Coulombic repulsion between the charges on their surface, and droplet fission occurs. Successive rounds of evaporation and fission occur until an analyte ion is formed via one of two different mechanisms. Analyte ions formed by the ‘ion evapor ...
Activity-Dependent Regulation of Synapses by Retrograde
... leads to rapid changes in synaptic strength in vertebrates. We have covered a large amount of material and synthesized information from various fields. We have not attempted an exhaustive review; rather, we have focused on examples that we feel illustrate the criteria above or that are instructive f ...
... leads to rapid changes in synaptic strength in vertebrates. We have covered a large amount of material and synthesized information from various fields. We have not attempted an exhaustive review; rather, we have focused on examples that we feel illustrate the criteria above or that are instructive f ...
EP 1790660 B1
... [0020] The method will typically involve the steps of: obtaining nucleic acid encoding a protein of the invention; manipulating said nucleic acid to remove at least one domain from within the protein. The resulting nucleic acid may be inserted into an expression vector, or may already be part of an ...
... [0020] The method will typically involve the steps of: obtaining nucleic acid encoding a protein of the invention; manipulating said nucleic acid to remove at least one domain from within the protein. The resulting nucleic acid may be inserted into an expression vector, or may already be part of an ...
Modulation of functional properties of bifunctional S- Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase/Ornithine decarboxylase of
... Trishydroxy (methyl-amino) methane / Hydrochloric acid ...
... Trishydroxy (methyl-amino) methane / Hydrochloric acid ...
Keeping the immune system in check: a role for mitophagy
... molecular sensor of mitochondrial health, flagging only those mitochondria within the population that become dysfunctional for Parkin-mediated degradation. Mechanisms of PINK1/Parkin mitophagy—what is known to date Although the mechanisms behind PINK1 regulation are well understood, how PINK1 recruit ...
... molecular sensor of mitochondrial health, flagging only those mitochondria within the population that become dysfunctional for Parkin-mediated degradation. Mechanisms of PINK1/Parkin mitophagy—what is known to date Although the mechanisms behind PINK1 regulation are well understood, how PINK1 recruit ...
Free Full Text ( Final Version , 5mb ) - EUR RePub
... or activators, allows a careful regulation of the proteolytic activity; the multifunctional and multicatalytic nature of the complexes involves many subunits; the formation of a channeling mechanism which binds and then cleaves ubiquitinated proteins sequentially, thereby avoiding diffusion of possi ...
... or activators, allows a careful regulation of the proteolytic activity; the multifunctional and multicatalytic nature of the complexes involves many subunits; the formation of a channeling mechanism which binds and then cleaves ubiquitinated proteins sequentially, thereby avoiding diffusion of possi ...
The mechanism of redox sensing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
... (TB), has latently infected one-third of the world’s population and remains the leading cause of death by a single infectious agent (1.7 million deaths annually). Of those infected with Mtb, only 5–10% develop active TB. The remaining individuals can control but not eliminate the infection. These in ...
... (TB), has latently infected one-third of the world’s population and remains the leading cause of death by a single infectious agent (1.7 million deaths annually). Of those infected with Mtb, only 5–10% develop active TB. The remaining individuals can control but not eliminate the infection. These in ...
Molecular networks in skeletal muscle plasticity
... Fig. 1. Simplified overview of signaling network controlling skeletal muscle adaptations with endurance type exercise (modified and updated from Hoppeler et al., 2011). AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; AP-1, activator protein 1; Ang, angiopoietin; BAX, apoptosis regulator Bax (regulated by tumor ...
... Fig. 1. Simplified overview of signaling network controlling skeletal muscle adaptations with endurance type exercise (modified and updated from Hoppeler et al., 2011). AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; AP-1, activator protein 1; Ang, angiopoietin; BAX, apoptosis regulator Bax (regulated by tumor ...
Mechanisms of dorsal-ventral axis determination in
... hand, only a weak dorsal-ventral asymmetry were present in the vitelline membrane or perivitelline space, a system with an autonomous pattern-forming capacity would be necessary to generate the spatial information of the nuclear dorsal protein gradient. The extraembryonic environment would only dete ...
... hand, only a weak dorsal-ventral asymmetry were present in the vitelline membrane or perivitelline space, a system with an autonomous pattern-forming capacity would be necessary to generate the spatial information of the nuclear dorsal protein gradient. The extraembryonic environment would only dete ...
Artk96_CyclGMPReview_2016 - Pure
... present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Mammals count 20 CN-PDEs. Surprisingly, although CN-PDE activity has been reported in several plant preparations, the protein(s) that carries out this function in plants is still unknown. Its identification is made difficult by the lack of canonical sequences f ...
... present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Mammals count 20 CN-PDEs. Surprisingly, although CN-PDE activity has been reported in several plant preparations, the protein(s) that carries out this function in plants is still unknown. Its identification is made difficult by the lack of canonical sequences f ...
Comparison of the activities of protein disulphide
... sequence (one residue only), suggesting there are other more relevant intrinsic differences between them. A further hint that the active site can tolerate a range of residues in the position preceding the second cysteine residue (see Fig. 2) is the finding by Gleason et al. (1990) that a mutant thio ...
... sequence (one residue only), suggesting there are other more relevant intrinsic differences between them. A further hint that the active site can tolerate a range of residues in the position preceding the second cysteine residue (see Fig. 2) is the finding by Gleason et al. (1990) that a mutant thio ...
1 Causality, Transfer Entropy and Allosteric
... Most known cancer causing mutations lead to the disruption of normal allosteric communication. Recent findings show that allosteric activity is entropic in nature and depends on information transfer from one part of the protein to the other [1, 2] through coordinated fluctuations of residues. Transm ...
... Most known cancer causing mutations lead to the disruption of normal allosteric communication. Recent findings show that allosteric activity is entropic in nature and depends on information transfer from one part of the protein to the other [1, 2] through coordinated fluctuations of residues. Transm ...
Functional Characterisation of Plant
... haven't previously been observed to localise to this organelle and several of which appeared to be plant-specific. Therefore it was this project's aim to characterise two of these novel mitochondrial outer membrane and plant-specific proteins encoded by At5g24650 and At3g27930. The protein encoded b ...
... haven't previously been observed to localise to this organelle and several of which appeared to be plant-specific. Therefore it was this project's aim to characterise two of these novel mitochondrial outer membrane and plant-specific proteins encoded by At5g24650 and At3g27930. The protein encoded b ...
The DNA Binding Properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51
... 461 nm for DAPI, and 510 and 595 nm for EtBr, respectively (22).3 The binding of Rad51 protein or RecA protein to the dsDNA-DAPI (or dsDNA-EtBr) complexes causes the displacement of dye from the dsDNA, resulting in a fluorescence decrease. Reactions were performed in buffer containing either 30 mM T ...
... 461 nm for DAPI, and 510 and 595 nm for EtBr, respectively (22).3 The binding of Rad51 protein or RecA protein to the dsDNA-DAPI (or dsDNA-EtBr) complexes causes the displacement of dye from the dsDNA, resulting in a fluorescence decrease. Reactions were performed in buffer containing either 30 mM T ...
Protein Structure Prediction Based on Neural Networks
... and knowledge of a protein’s 3D structure improves the analysis of protein functions, particularly for drug design [2]. Being aware of the 3D structure of a protein enables pharmacologists to select a binding protein to moderate its functions. Pharmacologists may choose a drug which is easy to synt ...
... and knowledge of a protein’s 3D structure improves the analysis of protein functions, particularly for drug design [2]. Being aware of the 3D structure of a protein enables pharmacologists to select a binding protein to moderate its functions. Pharmacologists may choose a drug which is easy to synt ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).