Refining the Definition of Plant Mitochondrial
... and comparisons with previous available data using Edman degradation. In total, the cleavable presequences of 62 proteins from Arabidopsis and 52 proteins from rice mitochondria were determined. None of these proteins contained amino-terminal acetylation, in contrast to recent findings for chloropla ...
... and comparisons with previous available data using Edman degradation. In total, the cleavable presequences of 62 proteins from Arabidopsis and 52 proteins from rice mitochondria were determined. None of these proteins contained amino-terminal acetylation, in contrast to recent findings for chloropla ...
Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose
... D. Can the Cori Cycle function indefinitely? VIII. Ask yourself “What If Questions”; e.g., Blood glucose levels drop because of exercise, what hormone is released, which tissues respond, how??? Background Glycolysis, the TCA Cycle, and the Electron Transport/Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway when f ...
... D. Can the Cori Cycle function indefinitely? VIII. Ask yourself “What If Questions”; e.g., Blood glucose levels drop because of exercise, what hormone is released, which tissues respond, how??? Background Glycolysis, the TCA Cycle, and the Electron Transport/Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway when f ...
Characterization and the role of carbonic anhydrase
... I. Introduction In cyanobacteria, for the carbon concentrating mechanism to function, there is an absolute requirement for carbonic anhydrase activity within the carboxysome to convert the bicarbonate to carbon dioxide, and a simultaneous requirement that minimal carbonic anhydrase activity be found ...
... I. Introduction In cyanobacteria, for the carbon concentrating mechanism to function, there is an absolute requirement for carbonic anhydrase activity within the carboxysome to convert the bicarbonate to carbon dioxide, and a simultaneous requirement that minimal carbonic anhydrase activity be found ...
PCNA Protein Expression during Spermatogenesis of the
... used antibodies that recognized different epitopes of eel PCNA (amino acids 100-120, 180-197, and 242-260) and rat recombinant PCNA (amino acids 112-121 and 181-195). All of the antibodies used in this study recognized the same two bands (36- and 32-kDa) in the testis 15 days after hCG injection (da ...
... used antibodies that recognized different epitopes of eel PCNA (amino acids 100-120, 180-197, and 242-260) and rat recombinant PCNA (amino acids 112-121 and 181-195). All of the antibodies used in this study recognized the same two bands (36- and 32-kDa) in the testis 15 days after hCG injection (da ...
Naturally Occurring Ligand Isoforms Receptor Binding and Function
... have demonstrated that the conformation of the extracellular domain is critical to maintaining function. Flt3 ligand, CSF-1, and SLF are all type 1 transmembrane proteins characterized by short cytoplasmic domains and four conserved cysteines in the extracellular domain (1, 2, 6 – 8). These four con ...
... have demonstrated that the conformation of the extracellular domain is critical to maintaining function. Flt3 ligand, CSF-1, and SLF are all type 1 transmembrane proteins characterized by short cytoplasmic domains and four conserved cysteines in the extracellular domain (1, 2, 6 – 8). These four con ...
METABOLIC AND ENDOCRINE ADAPTATIONS TO HEAT STRESS
... negatively correlated to milk yield and feed intake. In addition, high producers generate more metabolic heat than non-lactating or low producers because of their metabolic processes associated with production and elevated digestive requirements (West, 2003). Therefore, high producers have a lower t ...
... negatively correlated to milk yield and feed intake. In addition, high producers generate more metabolic heat than non-lactating or low producers because of their metabolic processes associated with production and elevated digestive requirements (West, 2003). Therefore, high producers have a lower t ...
Advances in Genetics - Department of Biology
... protein family in these animals suggests the hypothesis that DEG/ENaC ion channels have evolved to serve a much wider range of physiological functions in invertebrates relative to their roles in mammals. Alternatively, it may suggest that DEG/ENaC subunits in invertebrates are highly specialized; ea ...
... protein family in these animals suggests the hypothesis that DEG/ENaC ion channels have evolved to serve a much wider range of physiological functions in invertebrates relative to their roles in mammals. Alternatively, it may suggest that DEG/ENaC subunits in invertebrates are highly specialized; ea ...
The Cutting Edge of Affinity Electrophoresis Technology
... electrophoresis or capillary affinity electrophoresis. These strategies are based on changes in the electrophoretic patterns of biological macromolecules that result from interactions or complex-formation processes that induce changes in the size or total charge of the molecules. Nucleic acid fragme ...
... electrophoresis or capillary affinity electrophoresis. These strategies are based on changes in the electrophoretic patterns of biological macromolecules that result from interactions or complex-formation processes that induce changes in the size or total charge of the molecules. Nucleic acid fragme ...
Protein Purification by Inverse Transition Cycling
... than the Tt. It is important to note that the fused target protein does not denature and precipitate when the phase transition is induced, but rather, it is the ELP that aggregates. For free ELPs, the aggregated phase contains up to ~60% water by weight (Urry et al. 1985), and the target protein app ...
... than the Tt. It is important to note that the fused target protein does not denature and precipitate when the phase transition is induced, but rather, it is the ELP that aggregates. For free ELPs, the aggregated phase contains up to ~60% water by weight (Urry et al. 1985), and the target protein app ...
INTEINS: Structure, Function, and Evolution
... inteins consist of two domains: One is involved in autocatalytic splicing, and the other is an endonuclease that is important in the spread of inteins. This review focuses on the evolution and technical application of inteins and only briefly summarizes recent advances in the study of the catalytic ...
... inteins consist of two domains: One is involved in autocatalytic splicing, and the other is an endonuclease that is important in the spread of inteins. This review focuses on the evolution and technical application of inteins and only briefly summarizes recent advances in the study of the catalytic ...
The anorexigenic cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulates
... inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (55) and the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways (14, 15, 44, 53). Phosphorylated STAT3 forms a dime ...
... inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (55) and the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways (14, 15, 44, 53). Phosphorylated STAT3 forms a dime ...
Site-selective incorporation and ligation of
... product were obtained when using RS under more basic conditions ( pH 7.5–8.5 as opposed to pH 6.5).32 Genetic incorporation of a formylglycine tag Alongside the chemical methods described earlier for installing aldehydes into proteins, enzymatic methods, such as the formylglycine tag, have also been ...
... product were obtained when using RS under more basic conditions ( pH 7.5–8.5 as opposed to pH 6.5).32 Genetic incorporation of a formylglycine tag Alongside the chemical methods described earlier for installing aldehydes into proteins, enzymatic methods, such as the formylglycine tag, have also been ...
Renin Precursor Synthesis and Renin
... Proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasma of the cell by the ribosomes, which use RNA as a messenger for the amino acid sequence. Ribosomes from one species and messenger RNA from another can interact and produce a protein with the correct structure. This is used in the so-called cellfree translati ...
... Proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasma of the cell by the ribosomes, which use RNA as a messenger for the amino acid sequence. Ribosomes from one species and messenger RNA from another can interact and produce a protein with the correct structure. This is used in the so-called cellfree translati ...
Aspects of Reductive Explanation in Biological Science: Intrinsicality
... Here we see a shift to determination in virtue of composition. Given a particular set of amino acid residues (i.e. the composition of the protein), one can deduce the three-dimensional conformation of the folded protein. The causal determination of folding by the amino acid sequence can be distingui ...
... Here we see a shift to determination in virtue of composition. Given a particular set of amino acid residues (i.e. the composition of the protein), one can deduce the three-dimensional conformation of the folded protein. The causal determination of folding by the amino acid sequence can be distingui ...
Synthetic Physical Interactions Map Kinetochore
... there is a precedent for checkpoint activation via kinetochore-independent clustering of the Aurora kinase (Campbell and Desai 2013). Therefore, we hypothesized that associations of a checkpoint protein with a variety of cellular proteins could potentially activate the SAC. However, more specifically ...
... there is a precedent for checkpoint activation via kinetochore-independent clustering of the Aurora kinase (Campbell and Desai 2013). Therefore, we hypothesized that associations of a checkpoint protein with a variety of cellular proteins could potentially activate the SAC. However, more specifically ...
Adjeitey_Cyril _Nii-Klu_2013_ thesis
... UCP1 is a member of the mitochondrial transmembrane anion carrier protein superfamily and is required to mediate adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Once activated, UCP1 uncouples mitochondrial respiration from ATP synthesis, thereby wasting the protonmotive force formed across the ...
... UCP1 is a member of the mitochondrial transmembrane anion carrier protein superfamily and is required to mediate adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Once activated, UCP1 uncouples mitochondrial respiration from ATP synthesis, thereby wasting the protonmotive force formed across the ...
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces a rapid dephosphorylation
... Introduction Tau protein is a microtubule-associated protein, which is highly expressed in neurons of the central nervous system. Tau is enriched in axons, where it directly binds to, and stabilizes, microtubules, through four microtubule binding domains located at the C-terminus of the tau protein ...
... Introduction Tau protein is a microtubule-associated protein, which is highly expressed in neurons of the central nervous system. Tau is enriched in axons, where it directly binds to, and stabilizes, microtubules, through four microtubule binding domains located at the C-terminus of the tau protein ...
The molecular basis of skeletal muscle atrophy
... to induce muscle proteolysis either in vivo (reviewed in Ref. 36) or in cell culture (se e.g., Ref. 93). In skeletal muscle, glucocorticoids decrease the rate of protein synthesis and increase the rate of protein degradation (27, 66, 97). Both disuse atrophy (see e.g., Ref. 51) and cachexia (reviewe ...
... to induce muscle proteolysis either in vivo (reviewed in Ref. 36) or in cell culture (se e.g., Ref. 93). In skeletal muscle, glucocorticoids decrease the rate of protein synthesis and increase the rate of protein degradation (27, 66, 97). Both disuse atrophy (see e.g., Ref. 51) and cachexia (reviewe ...
The Metamorphosis of the Aleurone Protein Storage Vacuole
... GA-treated cells is likely to form from the coalescence of smaller protein storage vacuoles (Jones and Price, 1970). Several pieces of evidence from electron microscopy studies support this idea. First, protein storage vacuoles are not separate organelles, but are linked by tonoplast connections (Jo ...
... GA-treated cells is likely to form from the coalescence of smaller protein storage vacuoles (Jones and Price, 1970). Several pieces of evidence from electron microscopy studies support this idea. First, protein storage vacuoles are not separate organelles, but are linked by tonoplast connections (Jo ...
Molecular and cellular requirements for the
... the microdomain of its site of synthesis may not faithfully reflect cAMP concentrations within the cytosol of cells [41– 43]. As we learn more about the compartmentalization of adenylate cyclases to sub-domains of the plasma membrane more physical support for this concept develops. In addition, the ...
... the microdomain of its site of synthesis may not faithfully reflect cAMP concentrations within the cytosol of cells [41– 43]. As we learn more about the compartmentalization of adenylate cyclases to sub-domains of the plasma membrane more physical support for this concept develops. In addition, the ...
Homer1a and Fragile X 1 Disrupted mGluR5
... 10% SDS gel and blotted for Mab1b, actin and αCamKII. The membrane was cut between 75 and 100 kDa. F) Samples were loaded into a 10% SDS gel and blotted for Arc and ERK. ...
... 10% SDS gel and blotted for Mab1b, actin and αCamKII. The membrane was cut between 75 and 100 kDa. F) Samples were loaded into a 10% SDS gel and blotted for Arc and ERK. ...
The Plant Cell - Semantic Scholar
... Among the different proteases in chloroplasts, FtsH is a major one in thylakoid membranes. It is an ATP-dependent metalloprotease that belongs to a AAA (ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities) protease subfamily of the large AAA protein family (Patel and Latterich, 1998; Neuwald et al. ...
... Among the different proteases in chloroplasts, FtsH is a major one in thylakoid membranes. It is an ATP-dependent metalloprotease that belongs to a AAA (ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities) protease subfamily of the large AAA protein family (Patel and Latterich, 1998; Neuwald et al. ...
Life Inside a Microtubule
... a direct relationship between a given kinase and actin phosphorylation1. For example, Ser and Tyr residues on actin are phosphorylated in response to insulin via unknown kinases, leading to reduced DNAse I binding1 (Fig. 1). Likewise, activation of the p21-activated kinase PAK1 leads to actin phosph ...
... a direct relationship between a given kinase and actin phosphorylation1. For example, Ser and Tyr residues on actin are phosphorylated in response to insulin via unknown kinases, leading to reduced DNAse I binding1 (Fig. 1). Likewise, activation of the p21-activated kinase PAK1 leads to actin phosph ...
Current understanding of fatty acid biosynthesis and the acyl carrier
... FabA converts β-hydroxydecanoyl-ACP into trans-2-decenoylACP and subsequently isomerizes this fatty acyl intermediate to cis-3-decenoyl-ACP (Figure 4) [36,37]. Subsequently, the cis-3decenoyl group undergoes a condensation reaction with another malonyl-ACP group, yielding cis-5-dodecenoyl-ACP, since ...
... FabA converts β-hydroxydecanoyl-ACP into trans-2-decenoylACP and subsequently isomerizes this fatty acyl intermediate to cis-3-decenoyl-ACP (Figure 4) [36,37]. Subsequently, the cis-3decenoyl group undergoes a condensation reaction with another malonyl-ACP group, yielding cis-5-dodecenoyl-ACP, since ...
pdf-1 - The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology
... chain in IgM is composed of one variable and four constant domains with no hinge region. IgM can cause cell agglutination as a result of recognition of epitopes on invading microorganisms. This Ab/Ag immune complex is then destroyed by complement fixation or receptor-mediated endocytosis by macropha ...
... chain in IgM is composed of one variable and four constant domains with no hinge region. IgM can cause cell agglutination as a result of recognition of epitopes on invading microorganisms. This Ab/Ag immune complex is then destroyed by complement fixation or receptor-mediated endocytosis by macropha ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).