The role of the natriuretic peptides in the cardiovascular system
... membrane and have intracellular kinase and guanylate cyclase catalytic domains, and are thus involved in the cGMP-dependent signaling cascade. The ANP-C receptor lacks an intracellular domain. ANP and BNP both bind the ANP-A receptor with ANP to a higher preference than BNP. A BNP selective receptor ...
... membrane and have intracellular kinase and guanylate cyclase catalytic domains, and are thus involved in the cGMP-dependent signaling cascade. The ANP-C receptor lacks an intracellular domain. ANP and BNP both bind the ANP-A receptor with ANP to a higher preference than BNP. A BNP selective receptor ...
Intraflagellar transport and the generation of dynamic, structurally
... olfactory epithelia, oviduct, respiratory tissue, and in rod or cone photoreceptors [24–29]. A bipartite axoneme consisting of microtubule doublets followed by singlets therefore represents an evolutionarily conserved feature of motile and non-motile cilia. Diversity in cilia morphologies and ultras ...
... olfactory epithelia, oviduct, respiratory tissue, and in rod or cone photoreceptors [24–29]. A bipartite axoneme consisting of microtubule doublets followed by singlets therefore represents an evolutionarily conserved feature of motile and non-motile cilia. Diversity in cilia morphologies and ultras ...
The semi-phosphorylative Entner–Doudoroff pathway in
... as the pathway for glucose catabolism on the basis of 14 Clabelling studies and identification of the characteristic intermediates (KDG and GA) [5], as well as characterization of key enzyme activities [5,21,22]. The GDH and KDG aldolase of S. solfataricus have been studied in detail, and more recen ...
... as the pathway for glucose catabolism on the basis of 14 Clabelling studies and identification of the characteristic intermediates (KDG and GA) [5], as well as characterization of key enzyme activities [5,21,22]. The GDH and KDG aldolase of S. solfataricus have been studied in detail, and more recen ...
Role of adaptor protein Toll-Like Interleukin domain containing
... (MAPKs), c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 and extracellular related protein kinase (ERK) pathways in the liver (Abdulla et al., 2005). TLRs are present on non-parenchymal cells including Kupffer cells as well as on hepatocytes in the liver (Akira et al., 2001; Liu et al., 2002; Matsumura et al., 2 ...
... (MAPKs), c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 and extracellular related protein kinase (ERK) pathways in the liver (Abdulla et al., 2005). TLRs are present on non-parenchymal cells including Kupffer cells as well as on hepatocytes in the liver (Akira et al., 2001; Liu et al., 2002; Matsumura et al., 2 ...
The Platform Protein Is Essential for Type IV Pilus
... both the motor and alignment subcomplexes in the T4P and T2S systems have been suggested to transduce the conformational changes of the ATPases (26, 27), making it challenging to propose a unifying model of fiber assembly and function. In the P. aeruginosa T4aP system, the platform protein PilC was ...
... both the motor and alignment subcomplexes in the T4P and T2S systems have been suggested to transduce the conformational changes of the ATPases (26, 27), making it challenging to propose a unifying model of fiber assembly and function. In the P. aeruginosa T4aP system, the platform protein PilC was ...
Structure of the ordered hydration of amino acids
... position reflects not only the identity of the nearest functional groups but also other groups in its wider binding environment. Therefore, when analyzing the preferred water positions, not only the identity of the amino acid, but also its rotameric state and its environment, such as the secondary s ...
... position reflects not only the identity of the nearest functional groups but also other groups in its wider binding environment. Therefore, when analyzing the preferred water positions, not only the identity of the amino acid, but also its rotameric state and its environment, such as the secondary s ...
Nitric oxide cell signaling: S-nitrosation of Ras superfamily GTPases
... systems. Thus, cysteinyl radicals are likely to be formed as intermediaries of the nitrosation process. We have recently shown that exposure of Ras to oneelectron oxidizing agents (oxidants that will generate protein radical intermediates) induce Ras guanine nucleotide dissociation, a crucial step i ...
... systems. Thus, cysteinyl radicals are likely to be formed as intermediaries of the nitrosation process. We have recently shown that exposure of Ras to oneelectron oxidizing agents (oxidants that will generate protein radical intermediates) induce Ras guanine nucleotide dissociation, a crucial step i ...
Print - Circulation Research
... disease. Loss of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)␥, the isoform linked to G protein– coupled receptor signaling, results in increased myocardial contractility, but the response to pressure overload is controversial. Objective: To characterize molecular and cellular responses of the PI3K␥ knockout (K ...
... disease. Loss of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)␥, the isoform linked to G protein– coupled receptor signaling, results in increased myocardial contractility, but the response to pressure overload is controversial. Objective: To characterize molecular and cellular responses of the PI3K␥ knockout (K ...
Translocation of Structural P Proteins in the Phloem
... of Cucumis sativus scions, whereas Cucurbita maxima PP2 was detected in both sieve elements and companion cells. ...
... of Cucumis sativus scions, whereas Cucurbita maxima PP2 was detected in both sieve elements and companion cells. ...
Involvement of Dopamine System in Regulation of Na ,K
... The striatum is believed to be a crucial brain region associated with drug reward. Adaptive alteration of neurochemistry in this area might be one potential mechanism underlying drug dependence. It has been proposed that the dysfunction of Na⫹,K⫹-ATPase function is involved in morphine tolerance and ...
... The striatum is believed to be a crucial brain region associated with drug reward. Adaptive alteration of neurochemistry in this area might be one potential mechanism underlying drug dependence. It has been proposed that the dysfunction of Na⫹,K⫹-ATPase function is involved in morphine tolerance and ...
The enzymes of biotin dependent CO2 metabolism: What structures
... most stable position for the B-domain may not be in the completely open state in the absence of substrate but rather in a partially closed state.27 Single molecule fluorescence studies will be needed to experimentally confirm the resting positions of the Bdomains in the absence of substrates. The so ...
... most stable position for the B-domain may not be in the completely open state in the absence of substrate but rather in a partially closed state.27 Single molecule fluorescence studies will be needed to experimentally confirm the resting positions of the Bdomains in the absence of substrates. The so ...
Solution Structure of the Tandem Acyl Carrier Protein Domains from
... Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia ...
... Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia ...
Structure of a Pheromone Receptor-Associated MHC Molecule with
... protein HFE [33], and MIC-A [34], MHC homologs that do not bind small molecule ligands, have collapsed grooves with a smaller separation between the a1–a2 domain helices [32–34]. A superposition of the a1–a2 platforms of M10.5, H-2Dd, FcRn, and HFE illustrates the variation in groove size (Figure 1C ...
... protein HFE [33], and MIC-A [34], MHC homologs that do not bind small molecule ligands, have collapsed grooves with a smaller separation between the a1–a2 domain helices [32–34]. A superposition of the a1–a2 platforms of M10.5, H-2Dd, FcRn, and HFE illustrates the variation in groove size (Figure 1C ...
abbs.info - Semantic Scholar
... altering their covalent structure [1]. In addition to binding to carbohydrates, many plant lectins exhibit specific interactions with small molecules that are predominantly hydrophobic in nature. On the basis of recent advances in molecular structure and biological specificities, a new definition of ...
... altering their covalent structure [1]. In addition to binding to carbohydrates, many plant lectins exhibit specific interactions with small molecules that are predominantly hydrophobic in nature. On the basis of recent advances in molecular structure and biological specificities, a new definition of ...
Recycling of vitamin B12 and NAD+ within the Pdu
... necessary to regenerate or/and replenish AdoCbl and NAD+ within the Pdu MCPs. Recent crystallography studies suggested that some Pdu MCP shell proteins, such as PduA, T and U, have pores that may mediate the transport of enzyme substrates/cofactors across the MCP shell. However, it’s possible that t ...
... necessary to regenerate or/and replenish AdoCbl and NAD+ within the Pdu MCPs. Recent crystallography studies suggested that some Pdu MCP shell proteins, such as PduA, T and U, have pores that may mediate the transport of enzyme substrates/cofactors across the MCP shell. However, it’s possible that t ...
Ph.D. Thesis Azar Shahpiri
... acid (GA) signal by synthesizing hydrolytic enzymes that are released to the endosperm, before undergoing cell death. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone layer can be separated from the other seed tissues and maintained in culture, allowing the study of GA, abscisic acid (ABA) and other signals in ...
... acid (GA) signal by synthesizing hydrolytic enzymes that are released to the endosperm, before undergoing cell death. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone layer can be separated from the other seed tissues and maintained in culture, allowing the study of GA, abscisic acid (ABA) and other signals in ...
PD-1 Pathway, Flyer - Bio
... Crystal Structure of the PD-1/PD-L1 complex. Image courtesy of www.rcsb.org; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0712278105. ...
... Crystal Structure of the PD-1/PD-L1 complex. Image courtesy of www.rcsb.org; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0712278105. ...
Further studies on the new coomassie brilliant blue G-250 - K-REx
... brilliant blue R-250 with proteins as follows "in slightly acid media, the dye anion is electrostatically attracted to the -NH3+ groups of the ...
... brilliant blue R-250 with proteins as follows "in slightly acid media, the dye anion is electrostatically attracted to the -NH3+ groups of the ...
Ribosomal Stalk Protein L12: Structure, Function and
... L12 is one of the best studied r-protein. In general, L12 proteins form a strong dimer in solution. The L12 dimer consists of two organized domains connected by one flexible hinge region. The N-terminal domain spanning residues 1-37 is responsible for the strong dimer interaction and for binding to ...
... L12 is one of the best studied r-protein. In general, L12 proteins form a strong dimer in solution. The L12 dimer consists of two organized domains connected by one flexible hinge region. The N-terminal domain spanning residues 1-37 is responsible for the strong dimer interaction and for binding to ...
Two different but converging messenger pathways to intracellular
... play a role, but it would also seem reasonable to consider the possibility that other Ca2+-releasing messengers may be of functional importance. Both cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) release Ca2+ from sea-urchin egg microsomes (Galione, 1993; Genazz ...
... play a role, but it would also seem reasonable to consider the possibility that other Ca2+-releasing messengers may be of functional importance. Both cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) release Ca2+ from sea-urchin egg microsomes (Galione, 1993; Genazz ...
20 Insulin Secretion and Action
... to protect β-cells from apoptosis, thus explaining the decreased β_cell mass observed in this syndrome. Diabetes is found in a number of knockout mice deficient in various genes. In many cases, the experimentally disrupted gene is expressed in many cell types, but the β-cells seem to be particularly ...
... to protect β-cells from apoptosis, thus explaining the decreased β_cell mass observed in this syndrome. Diabetes is found in a number of knockout mice deficient in various genes. In many cases, the experimentally disrupted gene is expressed in many cell types, but the β-cells seem to be particularly ...
Motor proteins of the kinesin superfamily
... kinesin, these regions consist of two short loops involved in microtubule binding (Figure 2), whereas in myosin these loops are replaced by large actin-binding regions of 150–200 amino acids. Thus it seems that the two motor families use a common core with different domain insertions to confer polym ...
... kinesin, these regions consist of two short loops involved in microtubule binding (Figure 2), whereas in myosin these loops are replaced by large actin-binding regions of 150–200 amino acids. Thus it seems that the two motor families use a common core with different domain insertions to confer polym ...
CO2 and O2 Distribution in Rubisco Suggests the
... carbamylated Lys201 is stabilized by the binding of a magnesium ion to the carbamate group. During catalysis, Rubisco undergoes a conformational change, which closes the active site and prevents access of solvent during the reaction. The transition between open and closed forms involves rigid-body d ...
... carbamylated Lys201 is stabilized by the binding of a magnesium ion to the carbamate group. During catalysis, Rubisco undergoes a conformational change, which closes the active site and prevents access of solvent during the reaction. The transition between open and closed forms involves rigid-body d ...
Exogenous Free Ubiquitin Enhances Lily Pollen
... Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences (S.T.K., J.D., E.M.L.), and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry (K.Z.), University of California, Riverside, California 92521 ...
... Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences (S.T.K., J.D., E.M.L.), and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry (K.Z.), University of California, Riverside, California 92521 ...
Chloroplast envelope membranes: a dynamic interface between
... prenylquinones are essential for the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus. Generation and regulation of this diversity requires sophisticated metabolic pathways, in which envelope membranes are of striking importance. A significant part of our present knowledge on the structure and function o ...
... prenylquinones are essential for the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus. Generation and regulation of this diversity requires sophisticated metabolic pathways, in which envelope membranes are of striking importance. A significant part of our present knowledge on the structure and function o ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).