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left ventricular hypertrophy
left ventricular hypertrophy

... 3. Changes in V1 – V6, lead I and AVL indicates anterior wall infarction (left anterior descending coronary artery). Changes in lead II, III and AVF, indicates inferior wall infarction (right coronary artery, or a branch, such as ...
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Cardiac Arrhythmias

... Most common cause: AMI, drug toxicity, electrolyte disturbances, electric shock, end stage of many disease processes Management: non-synchronized DC defibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation ...
Electrocardiography Case Studies: Review Questions
Electrocardiography Case Studies: Review Questions

... with congestive heart failure, which is commonly associated with many supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. The saw-tooth configuration of the P waves—typically seen in the inferior limb leads of II, III, and aVF—indicates atrial flutter. The typical rate of atrial flutter waves is 250 to 35 ...
Simulating Initiation and Termination of Reentry in
Simulating Initiation and Termination of Reentry in

... – Tachycardia - pace of the heart is faster than the regulatory signal from the sinus node (over 100 beats per min). • Rapid heart beating in the ventricles can be life-threatening. (ex. Ventricular fibrillation heart can’t pump any blood) Currently, over 2.2 million Americans are living with atrial ...
Key Revision Points for Cardiac Function Key points about the
Key Revision Points for Cardiac Function Key points about the

... SAN is the heart’s pacemaker – intrinsic rhythm. Impulses spread through the atria causing contraction of both atria. Impulse picked up by AVN. Impulse spreads through septum in the bundle of His. Impulse then spreads through ventricles in Purkinje fibres causing ventricular contraction. ...
IOSR Journal of Electronicsl and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
IOSR Journal of Electronicsl and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)

... The electrical impulses within the heart act as a source of voltage, which generates a current flow in the torso and corresponding potentials on the skin. The potential distribution can be modeled as if the heart were a timevarying electrical dipole if two leads are connected between two points on b ...
Ventricular Fibrillation
Ventricular Fibrillation

... spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm is rare. During ventricular fibrillation, the ECG has no distinctive QRS complexes but instead consists of an undulating baseline of variable amplitude. Although the sinus node continues to function properly, P waves cannot be discerned in the VF waveform. Vent ...
circumflex artery
circumflex artery

... Normal: I +, aVF + LAD: I +, aVF – RAD: I -, aVF + ...
ppt by Dr. J
ppt by Dr. J

... As a general interpretation, look at lead II at the bottom part of the ECG strip. This lead is the rhythm strip which shows the rhythm for the whole time the ECG is recorded. Look at the number of square between one R-R interval. To calculate rate, use any of the following formulas: ...
Cardiovascular: Heart
Cardiovascular: Heart

... • Two sphincters: upper and lower esophageal sphincters (lower is physiological only) • Retropleural position (therefore, covered by adventitia) • Mucosa: stratified squamous with many mucus glands (esophageal glands) • Muscularis: changes from skeletal to smooth muscle ...
SA node
SA node

... P wave is recorded in ECG. • P wave refers the atrial excitation (atrial depolarization). • When the wave of excitation moves slowly through the AV node and crosses from atria to ventricles via the bundle of His, a quiet brief period follows the P wave. • QRS complex: Ventricular depolarization prod ...
5-Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis
5-Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis

... Hypertrophy of the left ventricle, and occasionally of the right ventricle Interventricular septum is typically more prominently involved than the left ventricular free wall Left ventricular volume is normal or reduced; Diastolic dysfunction usually present 50% inherited - autosomal dominant Present ...
the peculiarities of wolf-parkinson-white syndrome in children at the
the peculiarities of wolf-parkinson-white syndrome in children at the

... Kharkiv (from January 2010 to December 2012). The children were divided into groups on the grounds of physical development, the age at which a diagnosis was made, presence of attacks of paroxysmal tachycardia and the small anomalies of the heart. Examination: anthropometry, ECG, Holter ECG. Processi ...
ecg-presentation
ecg-presentation

... • DWT used to preprocess leads • PCA performed on convoluted leads • Largest three eigenvalues ...
The Cardiovascular System: Part 1
The Cardiovascular System: Part 1

... 1) Describe the structures of the heart that are responsible for regulating the movement of blood from one chamber to the next. 2) The pathway by which action potentials from the sinoatrial node travel through the heart is important for the normal function of the heart. Describe the conduction pathw ...
Cardiff Met research project provides insights into heart health of
Cardiff Met research project provides insights into heart health of

... who manages the project at Cardiff Metropolitan University and has a clinical background in human cardiac ultrasound. As part of their research, they have assisted the Jane Goodall Institute in the Republic of Congo in screening for heart disease in animals that are being rehabilitated. The Jane Goo ...
PWE 3-2: At What Angle Is Your Heart?
PWE 3-2: At What Angle Is Your Heart?

... The direction of a person’s electrical axis is found using a technique called electrocardiography. In a simplified version of electrocardiography, electrodes are placed on the person’s left wrist, right wrist, and right ankle.The electrical signal between the two wrist electrodes tells (b) us the ho ...
PPT
PPT

... systole (contraction of the heart muscle) and diastole (relaxation of the heart muscle). • Atria contract while ventricles relax. The pulse is a wave of contraction transmitted along the arteries. • Valves in the heart open and close during the cardiac cycle. animations ...
Lucia is an 8 year old girl who is a patient of Dr. Paulson who
Lucia is an 8 year old girl who is a patient of Dr. Paulson who

... However, after 16 days at Children’s she walked out neurologically normal. It really is a miracle! Turns out she had Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) where she can go into an arrhythmia if her heart rate gets too high. She now is on a beta blocker and has an implantable d ...
Complex rhythmic processes are typical for living organisms
Complex rhythmic processes are typical for living organisms

... to a critical dynamical state intrinsic to the heart because of the antagonistically acting systems regulating heart beats. But the mechanism responsible for the complex heart dynamics is still being discussed . The so-called open loop conditions, where parts of the control system are studied in is ...
Specific Aim I
Specific Aim I

... locations of peaks (and valleys) as well as their amplitudes, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd derivatives S Q ...
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION - ATRIAL FLUTTER (A08)
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION - ATRIAL FLUTTER (A08)

... cannot be counted. Ventricular rate is usually between 160 and 180, but may be much slower if patient on medication such as digoxin, amiodarone, B-blockers, or Ca-channel blockers. Fibrillatory waves may be coarse or fine. QRS complex usually normal. Some patients may alternate between atrial fibril ...
Heart Sounds/Disorders
Heart Sounds/Disorders

... Heart Sounds • Two distinct sounds can be heard when listening to the heart – “lub dup” • “lub” – caused by vibration and abrupt closure of the AV valves as the ventricle contracts • This sound is of a longer duration and lower pitch than is the second sound. • “dup” – closing of the semilunar valv ...
诊断学考试试题
诊断学考试试题

... 4. The characteristic ECG finding of atrial fibrillation are the absence of P waves, with unorganized electrical activity in their place, and irregularity of R-R interval ,the frequency of unorganized electrical wave ranges from 350 to 600 beats perminute. 5. The main physical findings of right hear ...
The Heart - csfcbiology
The Heart - csfcbiology

... The electrical activity of the heart can be monitored by an electrocardiograph. Several electrodes are attached to specific places on a person’s chest and limbs. These detect changes in polarization in the heart by measuring current at the skin surface. The leads are connected to a machine that draw ...
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Electrocardiography



Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.
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