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Chapter 1
Chapter 1

Marked bradycardia in a young woman with weight loss
Marked bradycardia in a young woman with weight loss

... to a complete atrioventricular block with atrioventricular dissociation. Lead II, however, shows distinct atrial activity consistent with sinus bradycardia ( figure 2). The presence of sinus P waves can best be examined in lead II because this lead is parallel to the electrical axis of a sinus P wav ...
ECG Challenge: Chest Pain and Palpitations in a Young Woman
ECG Challenge: Chest Pain and Palpitations in a Young Woman

... Moreover, flutter waves (tiny atrial deflections) separated by about 5 small boxes on the ECG (ie, occurring at a rate of 300 beats per minute) are apparent on the tracing of a patient with atrial flutter; these appear to march through the QRS complexes. In this woman's ECG, however, there appears t ...
Worksheet
Worksheet

... a) AV-node b) Bundle of HIS c) SA-node d) Purkinje Fibers Short Answer 5. List two places on your body where you can take a pulse. ...
Chapter 20
Chapter 20

... ago and has had chronic heart failure since then. His ejection fraction is 36%, and on his current medical regimen, he is considered in a New York Heart Association class II. In his compensated state, he is able to continue farming, care for his cows and chickens, and meet his responsibilities witho ...
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

... Linda A. Snyder, MSN, CRNP ...
Diagnosing Right Ventricular Hypertrophy - e
Diagnosing Right Ventricular Hypertrophy - e

... Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) is the abnormal enlargement of the right ventricle in response to pressure overload, most commonly due to severe lung disease. The right ventricle is considerably smaller than the left ventricle and produces electrical forces that are largely obscured by those gen ...
Overview-Arrhythmias are caused by disturbances of the electrical
Overview-Arrhythmias are caused by disturbances of the electrical

... Normal Conduction: The sinoatrial (SA) node discharges, and depolarization spreads through the atrial muscle. A delay occurs as the charge passes through atrial ventricular (AV) node, made up of specialized atrial tissue. The charge then passes through the single pathway A-V bundle (Bundle of His) i ...
Sinus_Bradycardia
Sinus_Bradycardia

Interval changes
Interval changes

... • Repolarization changes ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) –A pacemaker other than the SA node jumps in and fires out of sequence ...
Causes of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Causes of Cardiac Arrhythmias

... Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs)  Prolong QRS complex because the impulses are carried out with myocardial fibers with slower conduction rate than Purkinje fibers  Increase QRS complexes voltage because QRS wave from one ventricle can not neutralize the one from the other ventricle  Aft ...
Exercise Stress Testing
Exercise Stress Testing

... In preparation for the exercise stress test, the patient is instructed to fast for 4 hours before the test and to avoid stimulants such as tobacco and caffeine. Medications may be taken with sips of water. The physician may instruct patients not to take certain cardiac medications, such as beta-bloc ...
Telemetry/EKG/Pacers
Telemetry/EKG/Pacers

... 4. MRI interrupts pacing-can’t get one for some time if new 5. No power generators (welding) 6. microwave questionable 7. radiotherapy (may damage circuits) The pacer may need to be surgically moved if in path of radiation field. 8. TENS (transcutaneous electrical stimulation) interferes may need re ...
problem_writeup_FFT_..
problem_writeup_FFT_..

... cardiovascular system responds to various pathologies [1, 2]. Thus, it is an important noninvasive marker which can be computed either by time domain or frequency domain analysis of instantaneous heart rate (IHR). In the clinical setting, the IHR is measured using the heart rate in beats/min and is ...
autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

... By the end of today’s class period, I will be able to … Describe the control centers of the heart Describe how the heart receives electrical impulses ...
Detection of Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation Utilizing Novel
Detection of Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation Utilizing Novel

... attached, the patient downloads and launches the free “AliveECG” application from the Apple iTunes® store. A picture then appears on the screen that demonstrates how to hold the device while recording. There are two different ways this can be done: either by placing the device on your fingertips or ...
CPVT - Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
CPVT - Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

... CPVT can also result from a gene change that has happened after conception. If this is the case, the gene change can be passed on to the affected child’s own children in the future, but their siblings are usually unaffected. There are currently four genes known to be associated with CPVT. Changes i ...
Ventricular Tachycardias - e
Ventricular Tachycardias - e

... QRS complex. Two boxes would put the rate at about 150 beats per minute, or we could estimate it at 170 beats per minute. Method B: There are about 18 QRS complexes in 6 seconds (30 large boxes), which gives an estimated heart rate of 180 beats per minute (18x10). Method C: There are two large boxes ...
EKG Lab Update
EKG Lab Update

... then you will need to observe the EKG from more than one lead. Lead I and Lead AVF can be used to check the lower left quadrant quickly (“Double thumbs up.”) ...
First Degree Heart Block
First Degree Heart Block

... “pacemaker” of the heart is the sinoatrial (SA) node, which starts the electrical impulse to begin the coordinated contraction of the heart muscles—the electrical impulse causes the atria to contract, pumping blood into the ventricles; the electrical impulse moves through the atrioventricular (AV) n ...
first-degree heart block (first-degree atrioventricular block)
first-degree heart block (first-degree atrioventricular block)

... “pacemaker” of the heart is the sinoatrial (SA) node, which starts the electrical impulse to begin the coordinated contraction of the heart muscles—the electrical impulse causes the atria to contract, pumping blood into the ventricles; the electrical impulse moves through the atrioventricular (AV) n ...
Heart
Heart

... takes impulse from AV Bundle out to cardiac mucscle fibers of ventricles causing ventricles to contract the heart conducting system generates a small electrical current that can be picked up by an electrocardiograph =electrocardiogram (ECG; EKG) ECG is a record of the electrical activity of the cond ...
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

... Normally, the AV node is the only conduction pathway for impulses from the atria to the ventricles. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is characterized by the presence of an accessory atrioventicular pathway located between the wall of the right or left atria and the ventricles, known as the Bundle of K ...
The Very Basic`s of Pacing
The Very Basic`s of Pacing

... A Bipolar Pacing System Contains a Lead with Two Electrodes Within the Heart. In This System, the Impulse:  Flows through the tip electrode located at the end of the lead wire  Stimulates the heart  Returns to the ring electrode above the Anode lead tip Cathode ...
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Electrocardiography



Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.
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