Respiration
... • RESPIRATION a process where organic (food) molecules are oxidized & broken down to release E • Glycolysis is the 1o source of e- for the citric acid and etransport chain ...
... • RESPIRATION a process where organic (food) molecules are oxidized & broken down to release E • Glycolysis is the 1o source of e- for the citric acid and etransport chain ...
PEP 535 - Exercise Biochemistry
... 1. If enzymes do not alter thermodynamics/bioenergetics, why are they so important in the control of metabolism? (15 points) Enzymes function to do several things. 1) They increase reaction velocities so that there are meaningful rates of product formation. 2) They can operate in both directions so ...
... 1. If enzymes do not alter thermodynamics/bioenergetics, why are they so important in the control of metabolism? (15 points) Enzymes function to do several things. 1) They increase reaction velocities so that there are meaningful rates of product formation. 2) They can operate in both directions so ...
The structure and function of the Mitochondrion
... References: Modified image of the mitochondrion - http://www.grayfoxpartners.com/Rates.html Text-Campbell, Reece (2008) Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Modified image of the Endosymbiotic - theory http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/organelles/ ...
... References: Modified image of the mitochondrion - http://www.grayfoxpartners.com/Rates.html Text-Campbell, Reece (2008) Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Modified image of the Endosymbiotic - theory http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/organelles/ ...
051607
... • Cooperativity – Multiple binding sites – Two states: high affinity (R for Hb) & low (T) – Different factors influence the R↔T equil • Oxygen: allosteric activator (positive) • BPG, H+, etc.: allosteric inhibitors ...
... • Cooperativity – Multiple binding sites – Two states: high affinity (R for Hb) & low (T) – Different factors influence the R↔T equil • Oxygen: allosteric activator (positive) • BPG, H+, etc.: allosteric inhibitors ...
Bio 210 Cell Chemistry Lecture 8 “Glycolysis”
... In the first phase of glycolysis, 2 ATP are used to activate glucose by phosphorylation, giving fructose 1,6 bisphosphate. Fig. 2.22. This 6 C sugar is then split into two 3C molecules in preparation for the pay-off phase. In the pay-off phase the 3C sugar PGAL or phosphoglyceraldehyde is converted ...
... In the first phase of glycolysis, 2 ATP are used to activate glucose by phosphorylation, giving fructose 1,6 bisphosphate. Fig. 2.22. This 6 C sugar is then split into two 3C molecules in preparation for the pay-off phase. In the pay-off phase the 3C sugar PGAL or phosphoglyceraldehyde is converted ...
PGS 160-167
... a. Glucose is broken into 2 molecules of G3P. b. To break it in half requires 2 ATP be used. (One phosphate is put on EACH side of the Glucose molecule. This makes it unstable and Glucose breaks in half to make 2 G3P molecules.) (The enzyme, Phosphofructokinase, puts the SECOND phosphate on the Gluc ...
... a. Glucose is broken into 2 molecules of G3P. b. To break it in half requires 2 ATP be used. (One phosphate is put on EACH side of the Glucose molecule. This makes it unstable and Glucose breaks in half to make 2 G3P molecules.) (The enzyme, Phosphofructokinase, puts the SECOND phosphate on the Gluc ...
5 Metabolism - bloodhounds Incorporated
... • Pairs of high-energy electrons pass from complex to complex along the etc. • Energy released by these reactions is used to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane ...
... • Pairs of high-energy electrons pass from complex to complex along the etc. • Energy released by these reactions is used to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane ...
Cellular Respiration PPT
... Cellular Respiration oxygen+ glucose carbon dioxide+ water +energy 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O +ATP ...
... Cellular Respiration oxygen+ glucose carbon dioxide+ water +energy 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O +ATP ...
1 - BrainMass
... a. Draw the basic structure of each (two glucose units in the main chain and one in the branch is sufficient), numbering all atoms b. Compare and contrast the function of these related compounds c. What is/are the molecular reasons for this functional difference? d. How do you suppose a cell can mak ...
... a. Draw the basic structure of each (two glucose units in the main chain and one in the branch is sufficient), numbering all atoms b. Compare and contrast the function of these related compounds c. What is/are the molecular reasons for this functional difference? d. How do you suppose a cell can mak ...
Cellular Respiration
... Krebs cycle-happens in matrix of mitochondria Electron transport and oxidative phophorylation-cristae ...
... Krebs cycle-happens in matrix of mitochondria Electron transport and oxidative phophorylation-cristae ...
Name - wwphs
... Aerobic Cellular Respiration Used Substances Produced Substances Glucose 2 pyruvates 2 ATP 4 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 NADH 6 NAD+ 4 CO2 2 FAD+ 2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH2 10 NADH 32-34 ATP 2 FADH2 10 NAD+ 6 O2 2 FAD+ 6 H2 O ...
... Aerobic Cellular Respiration Used Substances Produced Substances Glucose 2 pyruvates 2 ATP 4 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 NADH 6 NAD+ 4 CO2 2 FAD+ 2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH2 10 NADH 32-34 ATP 2 FADH2 10 NAD+ 6 O2 2 FAD+ 6 H2 O ...
Metabolism
... Cellular Respiration (glucose CO2 + H2O + ATP) Biosynthetic pathways (use energy) Photosynthesis (CO2 + H2O + sunlight energy O2 + glucose) Forms of Energy Kinetic energy Heat = thermal energy Potential energy Chemical energy ...
... Cellular Respiration (glucose CO2 + H2O + ATP) Biosynthetic pathways (use energy) Photosynthesis (CO2 + H2O + sunlight energy O2 + glucose) Forms of Energy Kinetic energy Heat = thermal energy Potential energy Chemical energy ...
2-4_EnergyProd_FabinyiB
... the lactate back to glucose in exchange for ATPs. The Citric acid cycle processes the created Acetyl-CoA, that is previously created from different carbohydrates, proteins and fats. ...
... the lactate back to glucose in exchange for ATPs. The Citric acid cycle processes the created Acetyl-CoA, that is previously created from different carbohydrates, proteins and fats. ...
Cellular Respiration
... tube). This reaction occurred very quickly. – A cell cannot use heat to do cellular work, not to mention the fact that this large increase in temp would be dangerous! ...
... tube). This reaction occurred very quickly. – A cell cannot use heat to do cellular work, not to mention the fact that this large increase in temp would be dangerous! ...
A. glycolysis
... acceptors such as oxygen – the energy released from this process is used to turn ADP into ATP – use of an electron transport chain (chemiosmosis) 2. substrate level phosphorylation – addition of a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP – the phosphate group is donated by another compound ...
... acceptors such as oxygen – the energy released from this process is used to turn ADP into ATP – use of an electron transport chain (chemiosmosis) 2. substrate level phosphorylation – addition of a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP – the phosphate group is donated by another compound ...
Respiration - Dr. Annette M. Parrott
... 1. Glyco lysis (sugar breaking) 2. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) ...
... 1. Glyco lysis (sugar breaking) 2. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) ...
Chap 5
... b. anaerobic respiration: when NO3 -, SO 43-, Fe3+, Cu2+, and S0 used as electron acceptors 3. Glycolysis or the EMP pathway results in the breakdown of glucose to 2 pyruvate molecules (Fig.5.4, p.133) (1) under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate may be converted to lactic acid, ethanol, acetone, butano ...
... b. anaerobic respiration: when NO3 -, SO 43-, Fe3+, Cu2+, and S0 used as electron acceptors 3. Glycolysis or the EMP pathway results in the breakdown of glucose to 2 pyruvate molecules (Fig.5.4, p.133) (1) under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate may be converted to lactic acid, ethanol, acetone, butano ...
... Electron Transfer System • Also known as cytochrome system or hydrogen transfer system. • Takes place on the cristae of the mitochondria on groups of protein molecules. • The reduced co-enzymes (NADH and FADH2) from the glycolytic and citric acid pathways transfer the hydrogen to a chain of carrie ...
Which of the following molecules is most likely to be used in a
... energy per gram, and carbohydrates only four Calories per gram. One reason for this is that one gram of fat contains more molecules of fat than a gram of carbohydrates because the molecules fit together more closely and because the carbohydrates are hydrophilic and may include some water in their ov ...
... energy per gram, and carbohydrates only four Calories per gram. One reason for this is that one gram of fat contains more molecules of fat than a gram of carbohydrates because the molecules fit together more closely and because the carbohydrates are hydrophilic and may include some water in their ov ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. • Since each glucose produces 2 pyruvates after glycolysis, it takes 2 turns of the Krebs cycle to break down 1 glucose. • Each turn produces 3 CO2 which enter the lungs via diffusion. • Each turn will produce 1 ATP and 4 NADPH • In total the Krebs cycle produ ...
... • Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. • Since each glucose produces 2 pyruvates after glycolysis, it takes 2 turns of the Krebs cycle to break down 1 glucose. • Each turn produces 3 CO2 which enter the lungs via diffusion. • Each turn will produce 1 ATP and 4 NADPH • In total the Krebs cycle produ ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.