Tutorial: Metabolic Signaling in the b-Cell
... Cycle Acetyl group has 2 carbons Oxaloacetate has 4 carbons Citrate has 6 carbons As the cycle progresses, first one carbon is lost and then another Cycle ends where it began, except that 4 NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP molecule have been made The coenzymes NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that a ...
... Cycle Acetyl group has 2 carbons Oxaloacetate has 4 carbons Citrate has 6 carbons As the cycle progresses, first one carbon is lost and then another Cycle ends where it began, except that 4 NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP molecule have been made The coenzymes NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that a ...
notes powerpoint
... Takes place in the stroma (syrup) Carbon dioxide enters as reactant. Glucose is produced. For every 6 molecules of CO2, only one molecule of glucose is formed. ADP and NADP+ go to Light Dependent ...
... Takes place in the stroma (syrup) Carbon dioxide enters as reactant. Glucose is produced. For every 6 molecules of CO2, only one molecule of glucose is formed. ADP and NADP+ go to Light Dependent ...
Lecture 7 (2/06/08) " Single
... proteins), synthesizes ATP in the mitochondria [in eukaryotes]. Very similar enzymes are working in plant chloroplasts and bacterial cell membranes. By coupling the cells P.E. to the formation of ATP, the reaction ADP + Pi ATP happens spontaneously. Once have ATP, have usable energy for biology. ...
... proteins), synthesizes ATP in the mitochondria [in eukaryotes]. Very similar enzymes are working in plant chloroplasts and bacterial cell membranes. By coupling the cells P.E. to the formation of ATP, the reaction ADP + Pi ATP happens spontaneously. Once have ATP, have usable energy for biology. ...
respiration - MagnusonScience
... • As electrons move down ETC they pass energy. • Transported by either NADH or FADH2.. • Purpose of ETC - break up energy into smaller amounts - released in smaller amounts. ...
... • As electrons move down ETC they pass energy. • Transported by either NADH or FADH2.. • Purpose of ETC - break up energy into smaller amounts - released in smaller amounts. ...
Nutrition - Athens Academy
... B. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and amino acids. C. Maltose is a complex carbohydrate. D. Sucrose is the primary source of energy for most cells. E. Most carbohydrates come from animal products. ...
... B. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and amino acids. C. Maltose is a complex carbohydrate. D. Sucrose is the primary source of energy for most cells. E. Most carbohydrates come from animal products. ...
Cellular Respiration
... As H+ diffuses back in through ATP synthase, force “churns” synthase, connecting ADP + P → ATP ...
... As H+ diffuses back in through ATP synthase, force “churns” synthase, connecting ADP + P → ATP ...
Document
... The electrons are extracted from the cofactors by reoxidation and then join the electron-transport chain, in this process, protons are expelled from the mitochondrion. The free energy stored in the resulting pH gradient drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) through oxida ...
... The electrons are extracted from the cofactors by reoxidation and then join the electron-transport chain, in this process, protons are expelled from the mitochondrion. The free energy stored in the resulting pH gradient drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) through oxida ...
fat-soluble
... leading to premature breakdown of lipases. 2. The first step in amino acid catabolism requires a coenzyme derivative of B6. 3. B6 deficiency is critical to later steps of amino ...
... leading to premature breakdown of lipases. 2. The first step in amino acid catabolism requires a coenzyme derivative of B6. 3. B6 deficiency is critical to later steps of amino ...
Chapter 25 - FacultyWeb
... leading to premature breakdown of lipases. 2. The first step in amino acid catabolism requires a coenzyme derivative of B6. 3. B6 deficiency is critical to later steps of amino ...
... leading to premature breakdown of lipases. 2. The first step in amino acid catabolism requires a coenzyme derivative of B6. 3. B6 deficiency is critical to later steps of amino ...
Bacterial Physiology Lec-8 Catabolism: Tricarboxylic acid cycle
... ,balance is maintained and no net carbon is lost. Cycle now enters the four carbon stage during which 2 oxidation steps yield; 1FADH2 and 3NADH per acetyl –CoA . GTP (a high – energy molecule equivalent to ATP) is produced from succinyl–CoA by substrate–level phosphorylation. Oxaloacetate is reforme ...
... ,balance is maintained and no net carbon is lost. Cycle now enters the four carbon stage during which 2 oxidation steps yield; 1FADH2 and 3NADH per acetyl –CoA . GTP (a high – energy molecule equivalent to ATP) is produced from succinyl–CoA by substrate–level phosphorylation. Oxaloacetate is reforme ...
Section 7-1
... 1. Aerobic respiration is the set of pathways in cellular respiration that require oxygen to break down pyruvic acid. 2. The mitochondrial matrix is the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. 3. The Krebs cycle is a biochemical pathway that breaks down acetyl coenzyme A, producing CO2, ...
... 1. Aerobic respiration is the set of pathways in cellular respiration that require oxygen to break down pyruvic acid. 2. The mitochondrial matrix is the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. 3. The Krebs cycle is a biochemical pathway that breaks down acetyl coenzyme A, producing CO2, ...
Relationship between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... Stage II: Prep Stage (mitochondrial matrix) Stage III: Citric Acid Cycle (mitochondrial matrix) Stage IV: Electron Transport Chain oxidation- reduction reactions using NADH, FADH2 (mitochondrial cristae) ...
... Stage II: Prep Stage (mitochondrial matrix) Stage III: Citric Acid Cycle (mitochondrial matrix) Stage IV: Electron Transport Chain oxidation- reduction reactions using NADH, FADH2 (mitochondrial cristae) ...
Cellular respiration guided notes completed
... All the chemical processes that take place in cells make up the cell’s metabolism…cellular respiration is one type of chemical process ...
... All the chemical processes that take place in cells make up the cell’s metabolism…cellular respiration is one type of chemical process ...
SB3a
... Fermentation and its products are important in several ways. –______________________________ is similar to lactic acid fermentation. –glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation –energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide –NADH is changed back int ...
... Fermentation and its products are important in several ways. –______________________________ is similar to lactic acid fermentation. –glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation –energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide –NADH is changed back int ...
Cellular Respiration
... Through a process called cellular respiration, the cells of most organisms use oxygen to release the energy that is stored in food molecules. Fungi use a different process, called fermentation, that does not use oxygen to release energy. During both cellular respiration and fermentation, energy is r ...
... Through a process called cellular respiration, the cells of most organisms use oxygen to release the energy that is stored in food molecules. Fungi use a different process, called fermentation, that does not use oxygen to release energy. During both cellular respiration and fermentation, energy is r ...
Ans
... Ans: Glycolysis (Gr. glykys=sweet; lysis=breaking) is a stepped process by which one molecule of glucose (6C) breaks in to two molecules of pyruvic acid (3C). It occurs in cytoplasm outside the mitochondria. It is anaerobic phase so is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Q2. What is th ...
... Ans: Glycolysis (Gr. glykys=sweet; lysis=breaking) is a stepped process by which one molecule of glucose (6C) breaks in to two molecules of pyruvic acid (3C). It occurs in cytoplasm outside the mitochondria. It is anaerobic phase so is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Q2. What is th ...
Photosynthesis and Respiration powerpoint
... Majority of ATP occurs in this process (makes 36 ATP molecules) Oxygen absent – Anaerobic respiration No ATP created ...
... Majority of ATP occurs in this process (makes 36 ATP molecules) Oxygen absent – Anaerobic respiration No ATP created ...
How Cells Harvest Energy: Cellular Respiration
... Cellular respiration extracts energy from glucose by oxidation (using O2) to make ATP and produces CO2 and H2O ...
... Cellular respiration extracts energy from glucose by oxidation (using O2) to make ATP and produces CO2 and H2O ...
Lecture 17 Glycolysis (continued) Recap Phases: priming: glucose
... ΔGo’ =+6.3 kJ/mol ΔG’ = -1.29 kJ/mol Near equilibrium: not regulated Note that the acid C is oxidized (from aldehyde to acid) Reaction 7 ΔGo’ =-18.9 kJ/mol ΔG’ = +0.1 kJ/mol Near equilibrium: not regulated Note “substrate level phosphorylation” of ADP Reaction 8 ΔGo’ =+4.4 kJ/mol ΔG’ = +0.83 kJ/mol ...
... ΔGo’ =+6.3 kJ/mol ΔG’ = -1.29 kJ/mol Near equilibrium: not regulated Note that the acid C is oxidized (from aldehyde to acid) Reaction 7 ΔGo’ =-18.9 kJ/mol ΔG’ = +0.1 kJ/mol Near equilibrium: not regulated Note “substrate level phosphorylation” of ADP Reaction 8 ΔGo’ =+4.4 kJ/mol ΔG’ = +0.83 kJ/mol ...
Lactic Acid fermentation
... Electron Transport • Similar to photosynthesis • NADH/FADH release electrons • form NAD+ and FAD ...
... Electron Transport • Similar to photosynthesis • NADH/FADH release electrons • form NAD+ and FAD ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.