2 ATP
... Oxygen breaks Carbon-Carbon bonds Broken bonds release energy & electrons Energy used to form ATP Electrons captured by NAD+ and FAD+ ...
... Oxygen breaks Carbon-Carbon bonds Broken bonds release energy & electrons Energy used to form ATP Electrons captured by NAD+ and FAD+ ...
Anaerobic Pathways Glycolysis Alternate Endpoints
... combines with protons (metabolic water) • Protons pumped out of mitochondrial matrix, setting up a gradient • ATP synthase converts ADP → ATP as protons flow back into matrix ...
... combines with protons (metabolic water) • Protons pumped out of mitochondrial matrix, setting up a gradient • ATP synthase converts ADP → ATP as protons flow back into matrix ...
B-3
... • Each of the products (carbon dioxide and water) is formed during different stages of the process. • The energy that is released is primarily used to produce approximately 34 to 36 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule. It is essential for students to understand that if no oxygen is available, cell ...
... • Each of the products (carbon dioxide and water) is formed during different stages of the process. • The energy that is released is primarily used to produce approximately 34 to 36 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule. It is essential for students to understand that if no oxygen is available, cell ...
Unit 4 (Bioenergetics - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration)
... 13. What is pyruvate, and what is its purpose? Half of a glucose. Take hydrogens (and electrons) from glucose to the mitochondria 14. What is the purpose of NADH and FADH2? Electron carriers. Take electrons from glucose to the electron transport chain. 15. Which stage finishes breaking down sugar a ...
... 13. What is pyruvate, and what is its purpose? Half of a glucose. Take hydrogens (and electrons) from glucose to the mitochondria 14. What is the purpose of NADH and FADH2? Electron carriers. Take electrons from glucose to the electron transport chain. 15. Which stage finishes breaking down sugar a ...
word
... How do the mitochondrial enzymes get there – what is made in mitochondria vs. nuclear-encoded? Ch 21 oxidative phosphorylation requires oxygen Describe basic process of NADH, FAD(2H) donating e- to O2 -> H2O; mitochondria ATP synthase makes ATP; where is proton gradient, chemiosmotic mechanism Compl ...
... How do the mitochondrial enzymes get there – what is made in mitochondria vs. nuclear-encoded? Ch 21 oxidative phosphorylation requires oxygen Describe basic process of NADH, FAD(2H) donating e- to O2 -> H2O; mitochondria ATP synthase makes ATP; where is proton gradient, chemiosmotic mechanism Compl ...
Energy Systems
... NAD (NADH), and 2 pyruvate molecules which move on to the next stage - the Krebs cycle. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of normal body cells, or the sarcoplasm of muscle cells. The Krebs Cycle - This is the second stage, and the products of this stage of the aerobic system are a net producti ...
... NAD (NADH), and 2 pyruvate molecules which move on to the next stage - the Krebs cycle. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of normal body cells, or the sarcoplasm of muscle cells. The Krebs Cycle - This is the second stage, and the products of this stage of the aerobic system are a net producti ...
1 1) What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most
... C) it shrivels. D) it becomes turgid. E) it is flaccid. 28) If the volume of a cell increases when it is placed in a solution, that solution is said to be __________ to the cell. A) salty B) isotonic C) hypotonic D) hypertonic 29) The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron tr ...
... C) it shrivels. D) it becomes turgid. E) it is flaccid. 28) If the volume of a cell increases when it is placed in a solution, that solution is said to be __________ to the cell. A) salty B) isotonic C) hypotonic D) hypertonic 29) The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron tr ...
Chapter 9
... Takes place in along the inner mitochondrial membrane Process in aerobic O2 is the final e- acceptor in the etc Net gain: ~30 ATP (on average 3 ATP per electron carrier NADH and FADH2) ...
... Takes place in along the inner mitochondrial membrane Process in aerobic O2 is the final e- acceptor in the etc Net gain: ~30 ATP (on average 3 ATP per electron carrier NADH and FADH2) ...
Cellular Respiration PowerPoint
... Through a process called cellular respiration, the cells of most organisms use oxygen to release the energy that is stored in food molecules. Fungi use a different process, called fermentation, that does not use oxygen to release energy. ...
... Through a process called cellular respiration, the cells of most organisms use oxygen to release the energy that is stored in food molecules. Fungi use a different process, called fermentation, that does not use oxygen to release energy. ...
Lecture 2: Glycolysis Part 1 - Berkeley MCB
... Energetics. Large free energy change typical of kinase due to the phosphoryl transfer potential of ATP, generating a low energy phosphate bond at about 12 kJ/mol. Downhill reaction. PFK Regulation & The Pasteur Effect. The fact that PFK is important in regulation came from the old experiments of Lou ...
... Energetics. Large free energy change typical of kinase due to the phosphoryl transfer potential of ATP, generating a low energy phosphate bond at about 12 kJ/mol. Downhill reaction. PFK Regulation & The Pasteur Effect. The fact that PFK is important in regulation came from the old experiments of Lou ...
313EnergyProduction
... – pyruvate + O2 acetyl CoA • Kreb’s cycle (per pyruvate:1/2 glucose) – complete oxidation of acetyl CoA – 2 ATP + 1 FADH2 + 3 NADH – C + O2 CO2 expired • electron transport chain – glycolysis produces H+ (too acidic) • FADH2 and NADH transport H+ to electron transport chain • H+ split into proto ...
... – pyruvate + O2 acetyl CoA • Kreb’s cycle (per pyruvate:1/2 glucose) – complete oxidation of acetyl CoA – 2 ATP + 1 FADH2 + 3 NADH – C + O2 CO2 expired • electron transport chain – glycolysis produces H+ (too acidic) • FADH2 and NADH transport H+ to electron transport chain • H+ split into proto ...
Aerobic Respiration - Weber State University
... Krebs cycle in the matrix of the mitochondria. Both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle occur in steps. Stepwise oxidation is important because: 1. dissipate energy that is released as heat 2. generate intermediates ==> steps to start making amino acids, N-bases, other sugars for cell wall and nucleic ac ...
... Krebs cycle in the matrix of the mitochondria. Both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle occur in steps. Stepwise oxidation is important because: 1. dissipate energy that is released as heat 2. generate intermediates ==> steps to start making amino acids, N-bases, other sugars for cell wall and nucleic ac ...
Overview of Energy and Metabolism
... The food we eat, (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and Nucleic Acids), are our only source of energy for doing the biological work of cells. All molecules (nutrient molecules included) have stored (potential) energy in the bonds between their atoms. The energy the runs most biological Systems on ear ...
... The food we eat, (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and Nucleic Acids), are our only source of energy for doing the biological work of cells. All molecules (nutrient molecules included) have stored (potential) energy in the bonds between their atoms. The energy the runs most biological Systems on ear ...
Enzyme Notes Activation Energy
... ATP – Energy Currency • Within a cell, formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate occurs over and over, storing energy each time. • As the cell uses energy, ATP breaks down repeatedly to release energy and form ADP and phosphate. ...
... ATP – Energy Currency • Within a cell, formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate occurs over and over, storing energy each time. • As the cell uses energy, ATP breaks down repeatedly to release energy and form ADP and phosphate. ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... So what happens if O2 unavailable? ETC backs up nothing to pull electrons down chain NADH & FADH2 can’t unload H ...
... So what happens if O2 unavailable? ETC backs up nothing to pull electrons down chain NADH & FADH2 can’t unload H ...
Catabolism
... Anaerobic respiration using molecules other than oxygen as exogenous electron acceptors yields large amount of energy, primarily by electron transport activity ...
... Anaerobic respiration using molecules other than oxygen as exogenous electron acceptors yields large amount of energy, primarily by electron transport activity ...
Mark scheme Outline the process of glycolysis. (5 marks) occurs in
... large surface area gives more space for electron transport chain / oxidative phosphorylation inner membrane contains ATP synthetase / ATPase / stalked particles that make ATP (narrow) gap between inner and outer membranes / inter-membrane space ( must be stated or labeled) pH / H+ / proton concentra ...
... large surface area gives more space for electron transport chain / oxidative phosphorylation inner membrane contains ATP synthetase / ATPase / stalked particles that make ATP (narrow) gap between inner and outer membranes / inter-membrane space ( must be stated or labeled) pH / H+ / proton concentra ...
Clicker game ?`s
... B slow down an enzyme catalyzed reaction C bind to the active site of an enzyme D bind to the same site as the substrate 12 Which of A B C D E ...
... B slow down an enzyme catalyzed reaction C bind to the active site of an enzyme D bind to the same site as the substrate 12 Which of A B C D E ...
Calvin Cycle Answers
... same active site. 5. The light reactions: cyclic and non-cyclic electron pathways. 6. NADPH is oxidized. PGAP/1,3-Bisphosphoglyerate is reduced. 7. Out of 6 PGAL/G3P molecules in each cycle only 1 is used to make glucose – the others are used to regenerate RuBP. 8. As shown in the book or handout, 2 ...
... same active site. 5. The light reactions: cyclic and non-cyclic electron pathways. 6. NADPH is oxidized. PGAP/1,3-Bisphosphoglyerate is reduced. 7. Out of 6 PGAL/G3P molecules in each cycle only 1 is used to make glucose – the others are used to regenerate RuBP. 8. As shown in the book or handout, 2 ...
Are You suprised ?
... For questions 21-26, fill in the blanks 21. In plant and animal cells, ________________________________ is the site where the most of the cells ATP is generated. 22. _____________________________________ is widely claimed to be the most abundant protein on earth. 23. For every three molecules of CO2 ...
... For questions 21-26, fill in the blanks 21. In plant and animal cells, ________________________________ is the site where the most of the cells ATP is generated. 22. _____________________________________ is widely claimed to be the most abundant protein on earth. 23. For every three molecules of CO2 ...
Cellular Respiration Scenarios – Teacher Answers
... Arrive at solutions for the following by always taking an energy focus and looking at how your metabolic pathways would be affected. 1) A person has just experienced a stroke cutting off oxygen to certain parts of the brain. Describe the events that would occur leading to the death of brain cells. B ...
... Arrive at solutions for the following by always taking an energy focus and looking at how your metabolic pathways would be affected. 1) A person has just experienced a stroke cutting off oxygen to certain parts of the brain. Describe the events that would occur leading to the death of brain cells. B ...
Chapter 11 - Introduction to Metabolism
... lipid digestion - triacylglycerols hydrolyzed to fatty acids by phospholipases absorption occurs in intestine ---> blood ---> body can also have endogenous sources, such as glycogen and triacylglycerols catabolism yields 3 possible compounds: 1) acetyl CoA 2) nucleoside triphosphates 3) red ...
... lipid digestion - triacylglycerols hydrolyzed to fatty acids by phospholipases absorption occurs in intestine ---> blood ---> body can also have endogenous sources, such as glycogen and triacylglycerols catabolism yields 3 possible compounds: 1) acetyl CoA 2) nucleoside triphosphates 3) red ...
General Biology I Online – Lab Midterm REVIEW
... What are endergonic and exergonic reactions? What are biological catalysts? What do catalysts interact with? What is the lock and key fit? What is ATP? What is metabolism? What is anabolic and catabolic? Most enzymes are what? What are the two laws of Thermodynamics? What is the formula for cellular ...
... What are endergonic and exergonic reactions? What are biological catalysts? What do catalysts interact with? What is the lock and key fit? What is ATP? What is metabolism? What is anabolic and catabolic? Most enzymes are what? What are the two laws of Thermodynamics? What is the formula for cellular ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.