Cellular Respiration Review
... across the inner mitochondrial membrane/cristae to the intermembrane space Proton pump pumps hydrogen ions creates H+ gradient or proton gradient This gradient is equivalent to a pH gradient or an electrical gradient with lots of potential energy These hydrogen ions eventually want to come ba ...
... across the inner mitochondrial membrane/cristae to the intermembrane space Proton pump pumps hydrogen ions creates H+ gradient or proton gradient This gradient is equivalent to a pH gradient or an electrical gradient with lots of potential energy These hydrogen ions eventually want to come ba ...
CHAPTER 8 – PHOTOSYNTHESIS
... back leak of H+ provides energy to add a phosphate (P) to ADP to form ATP NADPH is the electron carrier used in photosynthesis 7. Using Biochemical energy ATP provides energy to move ions across the cell membrane (active transport) ATP provides energy for movement within the cell ATP provide ...
... back leak of H+ provides energy to add a phosphate (P) to ADP to form ATP NADPH is the electron carrier used in photosynthesis 7. Using Biochemical energy ATP provides energy to move ions across the cell membrane (active transport) ATP provides energy for movement within the cell ATP provide ...
Lecture 7
... b The second stage, the Krebs cycle and a few steps before it, occurs inside mitochondria. The 2 pyruvates are broken down to CO2, which leaves the cell. During the reactions, 8 NAD+ and 2 FAD pick up electrons and hydrogen atoms, so 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 form. 2 ATP also form. c The third and final st ...
... b The second stage, the Krebs cycle and a few steps before it, occurs inside mitochondria. The 2 pyruvates are broken down to CO2, which leaves the cell. During the reactions, 8 NAD+ and 2 FAD pick up electrons and hydrogen atoms, so 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 form. 2 ATP also form. c The third and final st ...
Document
... + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ (cytoplasm) + 6CO2 + 8 NADH + 8 H+ + 2 FADH2 + 2 GTP (mitochondria) ...
... + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ (cytoplasm) + 6CO2 + 8 NADH + 8 H+ + 2 FADH2 + 2 GTP (mitochondria) ...
Practice Test Questions
... it donates H's and electrons oxygen combines with carbon from glucose to form CO2 it transfers H's from the Krebs cycle by temporarily ...
... it donates H's and electrons oxygen combines with carbon from glucose to form CO2 it transfers H's from the Krebs cycle by temporarily ...
Outline - Utexas
... 2. Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle a. glucose completely dismantled b. CO2 produced c. 2 ATP, 6 NADH and 2 FADH2 generated ...
... 2. Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle a. glucose completely dismantled b. CO2 produced c. 2 ATP, 6 NADH and 2 FADH2 generated ...
Energy and Respiration
... A series of steps now transfer the 6C (citrate) back to the 4C (oxaloacetate) These steps include more decarboxylation and dehydrogenation ...
... A series of steps now transfer the 6C (citrate) back to the 4C (oxaloacetate) These steps include more decarboxylation and dehydrogenation ...
RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS
... – NADH is not useful to the cell if energy is not extracted – The absence of NAD+ is detrimental to the cell – NADH must be converted back to NAD+ ...
... – NADH is not useful to the cell if energy is not extracted – The absence of NAD+ is detrimental to the cell – NADH must be converted back to NAD+ ...
Electron Transport Chain - Dr-Manar-KSU
... by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). – Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. – Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce. • The waste product, ...
... by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). – Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. – Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce. • The waste product, ...
Document
... any type of work needed in our cells called Kinetic Energy (energy available for work) The amount of energy released is measure in calories or kilocalories The more energy a type of food can release the more calories it has ...
... any type of work needed in our cells called Kinetic Energy (energy available for work) The amount of energy released is measure in calories or kilocalories The more energy a type of food can release the more calories it has ...
AP Biology Cellular Respiration Notes 9.1
... 9.25 Explain how Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle can contribute to anabolic pathways. (Explain how nutrients are used in biosynthesis.) Intermediate molecules from the breakdown of glucose can be tapped as building blocks that the cell needs. ...
... 9.25 Explain how Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle can contribute to anabolic pathways. (Explain how nutrients are used in biosynthesis.) Intermediate molecules from the breakdown of glucose can be tapped as building blocks that the cell needs. ...
BCHM 463 Supplemental Problems for Friday, April 2, 2004 1. Write
... All three reactions involve group transfer reactions. The reactions are irreversible because they have a large negative ∆G. Note: ∆G should not be confused with ∆G°´. See Table 14.1 for more information. 4. The following is an intermediate formed along the glycolysis pathway. This is a substrate or ...
... All three reactions involve group transfer reactions. The reactions are irreversible because they have a large negative ∆G. Note: ∆G should not be confused with ∆G°´. See Table 14.1 for more information. 4. The following is an intermediate formed along the glycolysis pathway. This is a substrate or ...
MEMBRANE-BOUND ELECTRON TRANSFER AND ATP …
... transfer potential which is given by Go for hydrolysis of ATP (-7.3kcal/mol) The electron transfer potential of NADH is represented as Eo the redox potential ( or reduction potential or oxidationreduction potential) which is an electrochemical concept. Redox potential is measured relative to the H+ ...
... transfer potential which is given by Go for hydrolysis of ATP (-7.3kcal/mol) The electron transfer potential of NADH is represented as Eo the redox potential ( or reduction potential or oxidationreduction potential) which is an electrochemical concept. Redox potential is measured relative to the H+ ...
ATP - TeacherWeb
... energy are called heterotrophs. They consume glucose which is broken down in the cell and the mitochondria to create energy. Cellular respiration is the process that breaks down glucose to give off energy. ...
... energy are called heterotrophs. They consume glucose which is broken down in the cell and the mitochondria to create energy. Cellular respiration is the process that breaks down glucose to give off energy. ...
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and other Energy
... 6 NADH's are generated (3 per Acetyl CoA that enters) 2 FADH2 is generated (1 per Acetyl CoA that enters) 2 ATP are generated (1 per Acetyl CoA that enters) 4 CO2's are released (2 per Acetyl CoA that enters) Therefore, the total numbers of molecules generated in the oxidation of pyruvate and the Kr ...
... 6 NADH's are generated (3 per Acetyl CoA that enters) 2 FADH2 is generated (1 per Acetyl CoA that enters) 2 ATP are generated (1 per Acetyl CoA that enters) 4 CO2's are released (2 per Acetyl CoA that enters) Therefore, the total numbers of molecules generated in the oxidation of pyruvate and the Kr ...
Step 2: Pyruvate Oxidation
... • Happens in the cytoplasm • Does not require oxygen (anaerobic) • Inefficient (net 2 ATP produced) ...
... • Happens in the cytoplasm • Does not require oxygen (anaerobic) • Inefficient (net 2 ATP produced) ...
Biology 301 Exam 3 Name Spring 2008 1. Which of the following is
... 64. During Embden-Meyerhof Pathway (Glycolysis) the phosporylation of ADP occurs between 1,3- bisphophoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate. What type of phosphorylation is this an example of? 65. If the methyl-accepting chemotoxis protein (MCP) is bounded to attractant molecules in which direction does ...
... 64. During Embden-Meyerhof Pathway (Glycolysis) the phosporylation of ADP occurs between 1,3- bisphophoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate. What type of phosphorylation is this an example of? 65. If the methyl-accepting chemotoxis protein (MCP) is bounded to attractant molecules in which direction does ...
Cells and Energy Review ____ 1. Which of the following statements
... ____ 35. The aerobic stages of cellular respiration take place in the ____ 36. Which process allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen? ____ 37. When pyruvate is a reactant in cellular respiration it means that a. oxygen is present. b. all ATP is made in the cytoplasm. c. only fermenta ...
... ____ 35. The aerobic stages of cellular respiration take place in the ____ 36. Which process allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen? ____ 37. When pyruvate is a reactant in cellular respiration it means that a. oxygen is present. b. all ATP is made in the cytoplasm. c. only fermenta ...
state university college at buffalo - Buffalo State College Faculty and
... 26. Phosphofructose Kinase (PFK) is an important regulatory enzyme in glycolysis. PFK is allosterically inhibited by ATP. Explain why this is considered an example of feedback inhibition. ...
... 26. Phosphofructose Kinase (PFK) is an important regulatory enzyme in glycolysis. PFK is allosterically inhibited by ATP. Explain why this is considered an example of feedback inhibition. ...
BIO 330 Cell Biology Lecture Outline Spring 2011 Chapter 9
... E. Glucose oxidation Stepwise release of free energy G = -686 kcal/mol IV. Glycolysis and Fermentation A. Glycolytic pathway 10 reactions converting 1 glucose to two pyruvate molecules 3 phases Preparation and cleavage Add 2 phosphates to glucose via 2 ATP Hexokinase – 1st step; rate-limiting enzym ...
... E. Glucose oxidation Stepwise release of free energy G = -686 kcal/mol IV. Glycolysis and Fermentation A. Glycolytic pathway 10 reactions converting 1 glucose to two pyruvate molecules 3 phases Preparation and cleavage Add 2 phosphates to glucose via 2 ATP Hexokinase – 1st step; rate-limiting enzym ...
11.17.11.ATP.synthase
... the H+ gradient. This deprotonation is followed by a conf change which ratchets the newly deprotonated c into alignment with the second half channel, in which it reprotonates from the intermembrane space. Meanwhile, the next c has just deprotonated to matrix, and the assembly ratchets again, moving ...
... the H+ gradient. This deprotonation is followed by a conf change which ratchets the newly deprotonated c into alignment with the second half channel, in which it reprotonates from the intermembrane space. Meanwhile, the next c has just deprotonated to matrix, and the assembly ratchets again, moving ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.