Unit 2
... Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, mitochondrial ATP formation, and fermentation 1. Be able to follow the flow of energy from (i) food molecules to (ii) energy carriers (NADH and FADH2 transferring electrons and H+) and to (iii) the electron transport chain (leading to ATP synthesis) 2. Know the key rea ...
... Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, mitochondrial ATP formation, and fermentation 1. Be able to follow the flow of energy from (i) food molecules to (ii) energy carriers (NADH and FADH2 transferring electrons and H+) and to (iii) the electron transport chain (leading to ATP synthesis) 2. Know the key rea ...
ATP - Coach Blair`s Biology Website
... • Energy is the ability to move or change matter (light, heat, chemical, electrical, etc.) • Energy can be stored or released by chemical reactions. • Energy from the sunlight flows through living systems, from autotrophs to heterotrophs. • Cellular respiration and photosynthesis form a cycle becaus ...
... • Energy is the ability to move or change matter (light, heat, chemical, electrical, etc.) • Energy can be stored or released by chemical reactions. • Energy from the sunlight flows through living systems, from autotrophs to heterotrophs. • Cellular respiration and photosynthesis form a cycle becaus ...
Cell Respiration
... Unlike in Glycolysis and Krebs where ATP is directly generated from the change in free energy, there is another step between release of energy and ATP in the ETC: Oxidative Phosphorylation ...
... Unlike in Glycolysis and Krebs where ATP is directly generated from the change in free energy, there is another step between release of energy and ATP in the ETC: Oxidative Phosphorylation ...
Practice Test - IHS AP Biology
... B) the oxidation of glucose and other organic compounds. C) the H+ concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. D) the affinity of oxygen for electrons. E) the transfer of phosphate to ADP. ...
... B) the oxidation of glucose and other organic compounds. C) the H+ concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. D) the affinity of oxygen for electrons. E) the transfer of phosphate to ADP. ...
MEMBRANE-BOUND ELECTRON TRANSFER AND ATP …
... transfer potential which is given by Go for hydrolysis of ATP (-7.3kcal/mol) The electron transfer potential of NADH is represented as Eo the redox potential ( or reduction potential or oxidationreduction potential) which is an electrochemical concept. Redox potential is measured relative to the H+ ...
... transfer potential which is given by Go for hydrolysis of ATP (-7.3kcal/mol) The electron transfer potential of NADH is represented as Eo the redox potential ( or reduction potential or oxidationreduction potential) which is an electrochemical concept. Redox potential is measured relative to the H+ ...
Electron Transport System – oxidative phosphorylation
... embedded in the membrane. Two mobile carriers, ubiquinone (Q) and cytochrome c, move rapidly along the membrane, ferrying electrons between the three large complexes. As each complex of the chain accepts and then donates electrons, it pumps hydrogen ions (protons) from the mitochondrial matrix into ...
... embedded in the membrane. Two mobile carriers, ubiquinone (Q) and cytochrome c, move rapidly along the membrane, ferrying electrons between the three large complexes. As each complex of the chain accepts and then donates electrons, it pumps hydrogen ions (protons) from the mitochondrial matrix into ...
The Funky Functional Groups Challenge - Honors Bio
... a. mechanical work, such as the beating of cilia b. transport work, such as the active transport of an ion into a cell c. chemical work, such as the synthesis of new protein d. all of the above ...
... a. mechanical work, such as the beating of cilia b. transport work, such as the active transport of an ion into a cell c. chemical work, such as the synthesis of new protein d. all of the above ...
Respiration
... Because O2 must be present for system to work, it is called oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... Because O2 must be present for system to work, it is called oxidative phosphorylation. ...
Cellular Energy
... 2b. Calvin Cycle: Series of steps that build up compounds using carbon dioxide from the air 2c. PGAL compound sometimes leaves the cycle. 2 PGAL compounds added together make 1 glucose. ...
... 2b. Calvin Cycle: Series of steps that build up compounds using carbon dioxide from the air 2c. PGAL compound sometimes leaves the cycle. 2 PGAL compounds added together make 1 glucose. ...
A. Cellular Physiology a. Describe the cell membrane and its
... concentration/electrical gradient across the cell membrane via membrane proteins. e.g. glucose uptake active transport transport of molecules or ions against of concentration or electrical gradient, usually mediated by ATPase proteins in the cell membrane e.g. Na+-K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase, H+-K+ β ATP ...
... concentration/electrical gradient across the cell membrane via membrane proteins. e.g. glucose uptake active transport transport of molecules or ions against of concentration or electrical gradient, usually mediated by ATPase proteins in the cell membrane e.g. Na+-K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase, H+-K+ β ATP ...
Gluconeogenesis Precursors for Gluconeogenesis
... • A liver biopsy of a four‐year old boy indicated that the F‐1,6‐Bpase enzyme activity was 20% normal. The patient’s blood glucose levels were normal at the beginning of a fast, but then decreased suddenly. Pyruvate and alanine concentrations were also elevated, as was the glyceraldehyde/DHAP ...
... • A liver biopsy of a four‐year old boy indicated that the F‐1,6‐Bpase enzyme activity was 20% normal. The patient’s blood glucose levels were normal at the beginning of a fast, but then decreased suddenly. Pyruvate and alanine concentrations were also elevated, as was the glyceraldehyde/DHAP ...
Lecture 20
... 3. Regulation of the flow of metabolites in a pathway. Inhibitors and growth studies are used to see what is blocked. If a reaction pathway is inhibited products before the block increase and intermediates after the block decrease in ...
... 3. Regulation of the flow of metabolites in a pathway. Inhibitors and growth studies are used to see what is blocked. If a reaction pathway is inhibited products before the block increase and intermediates after the block decrease in ...
Unit 06 Lecture Notes: Metabolism and Respiration
... C. Oxidative Phosphorylation: Occurs in inner membrane (crista) of mitochondria 1) Electrons from NADH and FADH2 passed through membrane to O2 (final electron acceptor). a) Flow of electrons used to pump hydrogens out into intermembrane space. b) Hydrogens flow back through enzyme, energy produced f ...
... C. Oxidative Phosphorylation: Occurs in inner membrane (crista) of mitochondria 1) Electrons from NADH and FADH2 passed through membrane to O2 (final electron acceptor). a) Flow of electrons used to pump hydrogens out into intermembrane space. b) Hydrogens flow back through enzyme, energy produced f ...
2 ATP - The Driggers Dirt
... Overview of Energy Releasing Pathways All organisms release chemical bond energy from glucose and other organic compounds to drive ATP formation. The main energy releasing pathways all start in the cytoplasm. Only aerobic respiration, which uses O, ends in the mitochondria. It has the great ...
... Overview of Energy Releasing Pathways All organisms release chemical bond energy from glucose and other organic compounds to drive ATP formation. The main energy releasing pathways all start in the cytoplasm. Only aerobic respiration, which uses O, ends in the mitochondria. It has the great ...
Matabolic Stoichiometry and Energetics in
... nutrient is carried to biosynthetic reaction. The reducing power is used for the construction of cell components. ...
... nutrient is carried to biosynthetic reaction. The reducing power is used for the construction of cell components. ...
Metabolism of fats and proteins
... What are the important functions of these biomolecules? Is oxygen required for the electron transport chain to function? If so, what is its role? The electron transport chain is where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. Where does the oxidation occur? How about the phosphorylation? ...
... What are the important functions of these biomolecules? Is oxygen required for the electron transport chain to function? If so, what is its role? The electron transport chain is where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. Where does the oxidation occur? How about the phosphorylation? ...
Cellular Respiration Test review
... Terms to know: autotroph photosynthesis producer heterotroph consumer cellular respiration kinetic energy potential energy thermal energy – a type of kinetic energy where water and air molecules collide again and again and they give off heat calorie ATP Chemical energy aerobic respiration alcoholic ...
... Terms to know: autotroph photosynthesis producer heterotroph consumer cellular respiration kinetic energy potential energy thermal energy – a type of kinetic energy where water and air molecules collide again and again and they give off heat calorie ATP Chemical energy aerobic respiration alcoholic ...
Cellular Respiration
... electrons in glycolysis, no name step, and the Kreb’s cycle pass their electrons to the first molecule of the electron transport chain STEP 2: with each successive pass to other carriers, the electrons lose energy STEP 3: The energy lost by the electrons is used to make ATP’s (34/ glucose) STEP 4: T ...
... electrons in glycolysis, no name step, and the Kreb’s cycle pass their electrons to the first molecule of the electron transport chain STEP 2: with each successive pass to other carriers, the electrons lose energy STEP 3: The energy lost by the electrons is used to make ATP’s (34/ glucose) STEP 4: T ...
Homework 3-1 Reading Notes Campbell`s Chapter 9
... p. 181, Regulation of Cellular Respiration Via Feedback Mechanisms The cell does not _____________ energy by making more of a particular substance than it needs. If there is a glut of certain amino acid, for example, the anabolic pathway that synthesizes the amino acid from an intermediate in the c ...
... p. 181, Regulation of Cellular Respiration Via Feedback Mechanisms The cell does not _____________ energy by making more of a particular substance than it needs. If there is a glut of certain amino acid, for example, the anabolic pathway that synthesizes the amino acid from an intermediate in the c ...
AP Biology Cellular Respiration Notes 9.1
... reactions of an electron transport chain. (Creating a H+ gradient and using it to drive ATP Synthase.) 9.15 In general terms, explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis. 1. Electrons are made availab ...
... reactions of an electron transport chain. (Creating a H+ gradient and using it to drive ATP Synthase.) 9.15 In general terms, explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis. 1. Electrons are made availab ...
Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration
... respiration if glucose contains 686 kcal and only 277.4 kcal are produced? ...
... respiration if glucose contains 686 kcal and only 277.4 kcal are produced? ...
Microbial Metabolism
... Glucose → Pyruvate via Glycolysis Three Carbon (Yield) Stage: Two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates can pass per glucose. Five more enzymatic reactions for a total of ten in Glycolysis. Four at this stage are reversible. Enzyme #10: Pyruvate Kinase (+ F1,6BP; - ATP) is regulated. As the carbon becomes ox ...
... Glucose → Pyruvate via Glycolysis Three Carbon (Yield) Stage: Two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates can pass per glucose. Five more enzymatic reactions for a total of ten in Glycolysis. Four at this stage are reversible. Enzyme #10: Pyruvate Kinase (+ F1,6BP; - ATP) is regulated. As the carbon becomes ox ...
CK12 Homework Sections 1.27 to 1.30 Section 1.27 Glycolysis 1
... 2. Explain the chemiosmotic gradient. A chemiosmotic gradient causes hydrogen ions to flow back across the mitochondrial membrane into the matrix, through ATP synthase, producing ATP. 3. What is the maximum number of ATP molecules that can be produced during the electron transport stage of aerobic ...
... 2. Explain the chemiosmotic gradient. A chemiosmotic gradient causes hydrogen ions to flow back across the mitochondrial membrane into the matrix, through ATP synthase, producing ATP. 3. What is the maximum number of ATP molecules that can be produced during the electron transport stage of aerobic ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.