CHE 4310 Fall 2011
... 22. Show the three reactions in the citric acid cycle in which NADH is produced, including the structures. None of these reactions involves molecular oxygen (O2), but all three reactions are strongly inhibited by anaerobic conditions; explain why. ...
... 22. Show the three reactions in the citric acid cycle in which NADH is produced, including the structures. None of these reactions involves molecular oxygen (O2), but all three reactions are strongly inhibited by anaerobic conditions; explain why. ...
Ch. 9 - Crestwood Local Schools
... use these as energy sources as well! Proteins first broken down into AA’s Amino group (containing N) is removed from each AA by deamination Converts ...
... use these as energy sources as well! Proteins first broken down into AA’s Amino group (containing N) is removed from each AA by deamination Converts ...
Chapter 6 – How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy Standard 1.g
... The Relationship between Cellular Respiration and Breathing Cellular respiration and breathing are closely related. Cellular respiration requires a cell to Breathing exchanges these gases between the blood and outside air. Cellular respiration banks energy in ATP molecules Cellular respiration break ...
... The Relationship between Cellular Respiration and Breathing Cellular respiration and breathing are closely related. Cellular respiration requires a cell to Breathing exchanges these gases between the blood and outside air. Cellular respiration banks energy in ATP molecules Cellular respiration break ...
Chapter 4 Cellular Respiration
... Pyruvic acid is turned into acetyl CoA and CO2 is released. ...
... Pyruvic acid is turned into acetyl CoA and CO2 is released. ...
Chapter 7A- Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis - TJ
... The below figure introduces the 3 stages of cellular respiration. Label the diagram. Include electron transport chain, pyruvate, mitochondrion, citric acid cycle, glycolysis, cytoplasm, glucose, 2 NADH, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, 34 ATP, 38 ATP. ...
... The below figure introduces the 3 stages of cellular respiration. Label the diagram. Include electron transport chain, pyruvate, mitochondrion, citric acid cycle, glycolysis, cytoplasm, glucose, 2 NADH, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, 34 ATP, 38 ATP. ...
Cellular Respiration
... The production of ATP by using energy derived from the redox reactions of the Electron Transport Chain. The enzyme ATP synthase is needed to phosphorylate the ADP to produce ATP. Almost 90% of the ATP produced from cellular respiration is produced this way. ...
... The production of ATP by using energy derived from the redox reactions of the Electron Transport Chain. The enzyme ATP synthase is needed to phosphorylate the ADP to produce ATP. Almost 90% of the ATP produced from cellular respiration is produced this way. ...
Cellular Respiration
... The production of ATP by using energy derived from the redox reactions of the Electron Transport Chain. The enzyme ATP synthase is needed to phosphorylate the ADP to produce ATP. Almost 90% of the ATP produced from cellular respiration is produced this way. ...
... The production of ATP by using energy derived from the redox reactions of the Electron Transport Chain. The enzyme ATP synthase is needed to phosphorylate the ADP to produce ATP. Almost 90% of the ATP produced from cellular respiration is produced this way. ...
Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis
... 1. To reduce one molecule of O2, ________ electron(s) must be passed through the electron transport chain and ________ molecule(s) of NADH is(are) oxidized. A) 4; 2 B) 2; 1 C) 1; 1 D) 1; 2 E) 4; 4 2. The chemiosmotic theory is a concept that ________. A) the transport of Na+ and K+ across cell memb ...
... 1. To reduce one molecule of O2, ________ electron(s) must be passed through the electron transport chain and ________ molecule(s) of NADH is(are) oxidized. A) 4; 2 B) 2; 1 C) 1; 1 D) 1; 2 E) 4; 4 2. The chemiosmotic theory is a concept that ________. A) the transport of Na+ and K+ across cell memb ...
Cellular Metabolism
... “picked up” during glycolysis (NAD+ only) and Kreb's cycle (both NAD+ and FAD). – The electrons “power” the movement of H+ (protons) across the inner membrane space creating a proton motive gradient – This gradient is utilized along with oxygen that has entered the mitochondrial matrix to power a ro ...
... “picked up” during glycolysis (NAD+ only) and Kreb's cycle (both NAD+ and FAD). – The electrons “power” the movement of H+ (protons) across the inner membrane space creating a proton motive gradient – This gradient is utilized along with oxygen that has entered the mitochondrial matrix to power a ro ...
CELL RESPIRATION
... STAGES of CELL RESPIRATION • Stage 3: The Krebs cycle (also called the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the TCA cycle, or the citric acid cycle) - an eight-step cyclical process occurring in the mitochondrial matrix. • Stage 4: Electron transport and chemiosmosis (oxidative phosphorylation) - a multistep ...
... STAGES of CELL RESPIRATION • Stage 3: The Krebs cycle (also called the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the TCA cycle, or the citric acid cycle) - an eight-step cyclical process occurring in the mitochondrial matrix. • Stage 4: Electron transport and chemiosmosis (oxidative phosphorylation) - a multistep ...
Cellular Metabolism
... “picked up” during glycolysis (NAD+ only) and Kreb's cycle (both NAD+ and FAD). – The electrons “power” the movement of H+ (protons) across the inner membrane space creating a proton motive gradient – This gradient is utilized along with oxygen that has entered the mitochondrial matrix to power a ro ...
... “picked up” during glycolysis (NAD+ only) and Kreb's cycle (both NAD+ and FAD). – The electrons “power” the movement of H+ (protons) across the inner membrane space creating a proton motive gradient – This gradient is utilized along with oxygen that has entered the mitochondrial matrix to power a ro ...
L10v02-glycolysis and TCA
... structures in this class, but they are needed for MCATs. Entry into the citric acid cycle is a condensation of two carbon molecule of acetyl‐CoA would be for carbon molecule of oxaloacetate, producing the six carbon molecule citrate, aka citric acid. The rest of the cycle is involved with capturi ...
... structures in this class, but they are needed for MCATs. Entry into the citric acid cycle is a condensation of two carbon molecule of acetyl‐CoA would be for carbon molecule of oxaloacetate, producing the six carbon molecule citrate, aka citric acid. The rest of the cycle is involved with capturi ...
CHAP NUM="9" ID="CH
... ecosystems. Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and ultimately leaves as heat, while the chemical elements essential to life are recycled. Figure 9.3 Methane combustion as an energy-yielding redox reaction. The reaction releases energy to the surroundings because the electrons lose potentia ...
... ecosystems. Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and ultimately leaves as heat, while the chemical elements essential to life are recycled. Figure 9.3 Methane combustion as an energy-yielding redox reaction. The reaction releases energy to the surroundings because the electrons lose potentia ...
3 " ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ - 1 - G 2 ¢ 2 2 – 1. Biological catalysts are (A
... (A) it shuttles NADH across the mitochondrial membrane to yield 2.5 ATP / NADH. (B) it shuttles the electrons from NADH across the mitochondrial membrane to FADH2, yielding 1.5 ATP / NADH. (C) it only operates efficiently at high levels of NADH. (D) malate is a key component in the shuttle process. ...
... (A) it shuttles NADH across the mitochondrial membrane to yield 2.5 ATP / NADH. (B) it shuttles the electrons from NADH across the mitochondrial membrane to FADH2, yielding 1.5 ATP / NADH. (C) it only operates efficiently at high levels of NADH. (D) malate is a key component in the shuttle process. ...
Cellular Energy Foldable Instructions and Content
... b) anaerobic - proceeds whether or not O2 is present ; O2 is not required d) net yield of 2 ATP per glucose molecule e) net yield of 2 NADH per glucose ---> sent to the ETC in mitochondria If oxygen is not present, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid in the cytoplasm – a form of anaerobic respirati ...
... b) anaerobic - proceeds whether or not O2 is present ; O2 is not required d) net yield of 2 ATP per glucose molecule e) net yield of 2 NADH per glucose ---> sent to the ETC in mitochondria If oxygen is not present, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid in the cytoplasm – a form of anaerobic respirati ...
Ch 8 Photosynthesis
... H+ ions cannot directly cross membane ATP synthase that allows H+ ions to pass through Causes it to rotate and bind ADP and a phosphate. Protein ...
... H+ ions cannot directly cross membane ATP synthase that allows H+ ions to pass through Causes it to rotate and bind ADP and a phosphate. Protein ...
NAD - wwphs
... Acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH Acetyl CoA enters mitochondria matrix and reacts with oxaloacetate Citrate (aka citric acid cycle) A series of reactions will yield oxaloacetate again (aka cycle) Each pyruvate makes 3 NADH, 1FADH2, 1ATP, 2 CO2 How many per glucose? ...
... Acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH Acetyl CoA enters mitochondria matrix and reacts with oxaloacetate Citrate (aka citric acid cycle) A series of reactions will yield oxaloacetate again (aka cycle) Each pyruvate makes 3 NADH, 1FADH2, 1ATP, 2 CO2 How many per glucose? ...
Energy - Phillips Scientific Methods
... ATP is composed of an adenine base, ribose sugar, & 3 phosphate (PO4) groups ...
... ATP is composed of an adenine base, ribose sugar, & 3 phosphate (PO4) groups ...
Cell Respiration SAT II Review
... step of the Krebs cycle for further oxidation. • During this cycle CO2 is released • Substrates are oxidized give electrons and H+ ions to NAD+ → NADH. • For each entering acetate, 3 molecules of NADH are produced. • Another electron acceptor is FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) which is reduced to ...
... step of the Krebs cycle for further oxidation. • During this cycle CO2 is released • Substrates are oxidized give electrons and H+ ions to NAD+ → NADH. • For each entering acetate, 3 molecules of NADH are produced. • Another electron acceptor is FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) which is reduced to ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.