8.3 study guide answer key
... False-electron 5. ATP and NADPH are two types of protein carriers. 6. How does ATP synthase produce ATP? ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane, rotating the enzyme. The rotation creates the energy needed to bind ADP to a phosphate and produces ATP. 7. When sunlight exci ...
... False-electron 5. ATP and NADPH are two types of protein carriers. 6. How does ATP synthase produce ATP? ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane, rotating the enzyme. The rotation creates the energy needed to bind ADP to a phosphate and produces ATP. 7. When sunlight exci ...
3-Glycolysis BCH340
... Lactate released to the blood may be taken up by other tissues, or by skeletal muscle after exercise, and converted via Lactate Dehydrogenase back to pyruvate, which may be oxidized in Krebs Cycle or (in liver) converted to back to glucose via ...
... Lactate released to the blood may be taken up by other tissues, or by skeletal muscle after exercise, and converted via Lactate Dehydrogenase back to pyruvate, which may be oxidized in Krebs Cycle or (in liver) converted to back to glucose via ...
Campbell`s Biology, 9e (Reece et al.)
... C) electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → ATP → oxygen D) pyruvate → citric acid cycle → ATP → NADH → oxygen E) citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen Answer: E 41) When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the inter ...
... C) electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → ATP → oxygen D) pyruvate → citric acid cycle → ATP → NADH → oxygen E) citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen Answer: E 41) When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the inter ...
Exam #2
... stages (Investment and Yield). What is substrate level phosphorylation? Which are the key “pacemaker enzyme” steps. What are the major similarities and differences between Glycolysis and Entner-Doudoroff Pathway? Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP); what is its utility for a cell? How is it connected to ...
... stages (Investment and Yield). What is substrate level phosphorylation? Which are the key “pacemaker enzyme” steps. What are the major similarities and differences between Glycolysis and Entner-Doudoroff Pathway? Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP); what is its utility for a cell? How is it connected to ...
Biology Notes: Fermentation
... • The Point? Make molecules to restart ________________________________ • Product: _________________________ Cellular Respiration (aerobic respiration) Where? In the mitochondria Steps? Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain What happens? 2 Pyruvate converted into 34 ATPs (plus the 2 fro ...
... • The Point? Make molecules to restart ________________________________ • Product: _________________________ Cellular Respiration (aerobic respiration) Where? In the mitochondria Steps? Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain What happens? 2 Pyruvate converted into 34 ATPs (plus the 2 fro ...
Oxidation of Organic Fuel Molecules During Cellular
... the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation ...
... the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation ...
Unit 3: Cellular Energetics
... Chapter 8 – An Introduction to Metabolism Concept 8.1 – An organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of ...
... Chapter 8 – An Introduction to Metabolism Concept 8.1 – An organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of ...
Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways
... important for you to see them so that you understand what is happening. You will notice first of all that as glucose comes into the cell, one ATP is converted to ADP, releasing energy, and the phosphate that is removed from the ATP is added to the glucose at carbon number 6. Now the molecule is cal ...
... important for you to see them so that you understand what is happening. You will notice first of all that as glucose comes into the cell, one ATP is converted to ADP, releasing energy, and the phosphate that is removed from the ATP is added to the glucose at carbon number 6. Now the molecule is cal ...
Proteins are made of subunits called amino acids and are
... E. What are some other foods that would be a good source of protein? _____________________________ ...
... E. What are some other foods that would be a good source of protein? _____________________________ ...
Worked Example 20.1
... Acetyl-CoA is the substrate for the cycle. Along with GDP and CoA, the oxidized coenzymes NAD + and FAD might also be considered substrates, despite their status as coenzymes, because these substances cycle between the reduced and oxidized states. The products of the cycle are CO2 and the energy-ric ...
... Acetyl-CoA is the substrate for the cycle. Along with GDP and CoA, the oxidized coenzymes NAD + and FAD might also be considered substrates, despite their status as coenzymes, because these substances cycle between the reduced and oxidized states. The products of the cycle are CO2 and the energy-ric ...
respiration-notes-co..
... Remember that we have generated some molecules of ATP already (through a process called substratelevel phosphorylation, whereby phosphate groups are transferred directly from some intermediate in glycolysis or the Krebs cycle to ADP to form ATP!). We have also generated NADH and FADH2. Now, we need ...
... Remember that we have generated some molecules of ATP already (through a process called substratelevel phosphorylation, whereby phosphate groups are transferred directly from some intermediate in glycolysis or the Krebs cycle to ADP to form ATP!). We have also generated NADH and FADH2. Now, we need ...
Krebs cycle
... atoms leave the cycle in four oxidation reactions (three molecules of NAD+ one molecule of FAD are reduced). One molecule of GTP, is formed. Two molecules of water are consumed. 9 ATP (2.5 ATP per NADH, and 1.5 ATP per FADH2) are produced during oxidative phosphorylation. 1 ATP is directly f ...
... atoms leave the cycle in four oxidation reactions (three molecules of NAD+ one molecule of FAD are reduced). One molecule of GTP, is formed. Two molecules of water are consumed. 9 ATP (2.5 ATP per NADH, and 1.5 ATP per FADH2) are produced during oxidative phosphorylation. 1 ATP is directly f ...
Answers - U of L Class Index
... by the body. Hydrolysis is the main reaction involved in the digestion of carbohydrates. The _-amylase is produced by the salivary glands to begin the hydrolysis of the _-glycosidic bonds in the polysaccharide amylose. The hydrolysis of the smaller sections of amylose (dextrins) continues in the sma ...
... by the body. Hydrolysis is the main reaction involved in the digestion of carbohydrates. The _-amylase is produced by the salivary glands to begin the hydrolysis of the _-glycosidic bonds in the polysaccharide amylose. The hydrolysis of the smaller sections of amylose (dextrins) continues in the sma ...
Energy represents the capacity to do work. Cells must
... 2. How did plants acquire photosynthesis in evolution? Name three features of chloroplasts that are indicative of their origin. (It is referred to as endosymbiosis or the endosymbiotic theory) Click 3. Photosynthesis can be divided in two different processes. What are these processes? What are their ...
... 2. How did plants acquire photosynthesis in evolution? Name three features of chloroplasts that are indicative of their origin. (It is referred to as endosymbiosis or the endosymbiotic theory) Click 3. Photosynthesis can be divided in two different processes. What are these processes? What are their ...
(DOCX, Unknown)
... C) Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong covalent bond that, when hydrolyzed, releases free energy. D) Its terminal phosphate bond has higher energy than the other two. E) It is one of the four building blocks for DNA synthesis. Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic ...
... C) Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong covalent bond that, when hydrolyzed, releases free energy. D) Its terminal phosphate bond has higher energy than the other two. E) It is one of the four building blocks for DNA synthesis. Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic ...
Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... – splits a compound by adding a phosphate (analagous to hydrolysis, but uses phosphate instead of water) ...
... – splits a compound by adding a phosphate (analagous to hydrolysis, but uses phosphate instead of water) ...
Unit 3 Homework
... Each turn of the citric acid cycle makes one __________ molecule for energy, three __________ molecules and one __________ molecule. These last four molecules are electron carriers. Since each glucose molecule splits, two acetyl CoA molecules go through the citric acid cycle, bringing the total yiel ...
... Each turn of the citric acid cycle makes one __________ molecule for energy, three __________ molecules and one __________ molecule. These last four molecules are electron carriers. Since each glucose molecule splits, two acetyl CoA molecules go through the citric acid cycle, bringing the total yiel ...
Guided Reading Unit 3
... Each turn of the citric acid cycle makes one __________ molecule for energy, three __________ molecules and one __________ molecule. These last four molecules are electron carriers. Since each glucose molecule splits, two acetyl CoA molecules go through the citric acid cycle, bringing the total yiel ...
... Each turn of the citric acid cycle makes one __________ molecule for energy, three __________ molecules and one __________ molecule. These last four molecules are electron carriers. Since each glucose molecule splits, two acetyl CoA molecules go through the citric acid cycle, bringing the total yiel ...
20. Biochemistry of Muscles and Connective Tissue
... •Chemical energy – ATP hydrolysis •Contraction is regulated by Ca2+ concentration ...
... •Chemical energy – ATP hydrolysis •Contraction is regulated by Ca2+ concentration ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... carbon. Coenzyme goes back to step 2. 4. Citric Acid brokendown: into 5 carbon sugar carbon dioxide and NADH 5. 5 carbon sugar broken down: Into 4 carbon sugar, NADH, ATP and Carbon dioxide. 6. 4 carbon rearranged by enzymes. Molecules of NADH, FADH(electron carrier). ...
... carbon. Coenzyme goes back to step 2. 4. Citric Acid brokendown: into 5 carbon sugar carbon dioxide and NADH 5. 5 carbon sugar broken down: Into 4 carbon sugar, NADH, ATP and Carbon dioxide. 6. 4 carbon rearranged by enzymes. Molecules of NADH, FADH(electron carrier). ...
Cellular Respiration
... B. NADH reduces pyruvate to lactic acid C. NADH oxidizes glucose to lactic acid D. NAD+ reduces pyruvate to ethanol E. NADH reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol 8- The step in cellular respiration in which most of covalent bonds from the the glucose molecule are oxidized: A. Oxidative phosphorylation B. ...
... B. NADH reduces pyruvate to lactic acid C. NADH oxidizes glucose to lactic acid D. NAD+ reduces pyruvate to ethanol E. NADH reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol 8- The step in cellular respiration in which most of covalent bonds from the the glucose molecule are oxidized: A. Oxidative phosphorylation B. ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.