Cellular Respiration
... •As hydrogen ions flow down their gradient, they cause the cylinder portion and attached rod of ATP synthase to rotate. •The spinning rod causes a conformational change in the knob region, activating catalytic sites where ADP and inorganic phosphate combine to make ATP. •Chemiosmosis is an energy-co ...
... •As hydrogen ions flow down their gradient, they cause the cylinder portion and attached rod of ATP synthase to rotate. •The spinning rod causes a conformational change in the knob region, activating catalytic sites where ADP and inorganic phosphate combine to make ATP. •Chemiosmosis is an energy-co ...
Cellular Respiration
... • light-independent reactions (stroma) use the chemical potential energy of ATP and the reducing power of NADPH to reduce carbon dioxide and form glucose via the Calvin-Benson cycle. • Glucose is processed to release energy through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport • Glycolysis is ...
... • light-independent reactions (stroma) use the chemical potential energy of ATP and the reducing power of NADPH to reduce carbon dioxide and form glucose via the Calvin-Benson cycle. • Glucose is processed to release energy through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport • Glycolysis is ...
AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2 NAD+ 2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH ...
... glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2 NAD+ 2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH ...
AP Biology Review Notes - Gooch
... Three trans membrane proteins that pump hydrogen out of the matrix. There are two carrier molecules that transport electrons between hydrogen pumps. There are thousands of electron transport chains in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons are donated by the electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) t ...
... Three trans membrane proteins that pump hydrogen out of the matrix. There are two carrier molecules that transport electrons between hydrogen pumps. There are thousands of electron transport chains in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons are donated by the electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) t ...
Chemistry 326 Name_____________________ Fall 2009 Check
... _____b. NAD contains a sugar alcohol. _____c. Lipoamide can exist in an oxidized or reduced form of the disulfide bridge. _____d. NAD works in redox reactions that involve alkyl groups. _____e. Tetrohydrofolate carries the most oxidized form of carbon. _____f. CoA, NAD, FAD all contain nucleotides i ...
... _____b. NAD contains a sugar alcohol. _____c. Lipoamide can exist in an oxidized or reduced form of the disulfide bridge. _____d. NAD works in redox reactions that involve alkyl groups. _____e. Tetrohydrofolate carries the most oxidized form of carbon. _____f. CoA, NAD, FAD all contain nucleotides i ...
Cellular Respiration
... Because fermentation does not require oxygen, it is said to be anaerobic ...
... Because fermentation does not require oxygen, it is said to be anaerobic ...
practice midterm
... C) DNA. D) R-strain. E) S-strain. 71. What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome? A) A chromosome contains hundreds of genes which are composed of protein. B) A chromosome contains hundreds of genes which are composed of DNA. C) A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes which are com ...
... C) DNA. D) R-strain. E) S-strain. 71. What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome? A) A chromosome contains hundreds of genes which are composed of protein. B) A chromosome contains hundreds of genes which are composed of DNA. C) A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes which are com ...
Biochemistry notes (updated 10/26)
... Starch – made up of many glucose units, it is an important storage polysaccharide that is found in plant roots and other tissues. It stores monosaccharides that can be broken down later to release useful energy during cellular respiration – ONLY IN PLANTS Glycogen – also made up of many glucose ...
... Starch – made up of many glucose units, it is an important storage polysaccharide that is found in plant roots and other tissues. It stores monosaccharides that can be broken down later to release useful energy during cellular respiration – ONLY IN PLANTS Glycogen – also made up of many glucose ...
ATP production in isolated mitochondria of procyclic Trypanosoma
... The single mitochondrion of insect stage T. brucei has three in part overlapping ATP production pathways (1, 2)(Fig. 1). First, as in mitochondria from other organisms ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in a cyanide-sensitive electron transport chain. Second, as expected one step ...
... The single mitochondrion of insect stage T. brucei has three in part overlapping ATP production pathways (1, 2)(Fig. 1). First, as in mitochondria from other organisms ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in a cyanide-sensitive electron transport chain. Second, as expected one step ...
Cell Respiration Student Notes
... • Temperature and pH: • As the temperature _______, enzyme activity ______________. • If the temperature is too high, enzyme activity declines rapidly because the enzyme is ________. • When enzyme is denatured, its _______________ and it can no longer attach to the substrate. • Each enzyme has an _ ...
... • Temperature and pH: • As the temperature _______, enzyme activity ______________. • If the temperature is too high, enzyme activity declines rapidly because the enzyme is ________. • When enzyme is denatured, its _______________ and it can no longer attach to the substrate. • Each enzyme has an _ ...
Fermentation
... When we exercise, the amount of lactate produced exceeds the rate at which the muscles can remove it leads to an uncomfortable, burning sensation in the muscles, especially those of the arms and legs, and is not responsible for the muscle soreness experienced by the person the day after. In fact, th ...
... When we exercise, the amount of lactate produced exceeds the rate at which the muscles can remove it leads to an uncomfortable, burning sensation in the muscles, especially those of the arms and legs, and is not responsible for the muscle soreness experienced by the person the day after. In fact, th ...
Exam #2 Review
... C. Some enzymes are regulated when a chemical group is covalently bound to them. These enzymes are called interconvertible enzymes. In the example in the notes, this interconvertible enzyme is active when it has a phosphoryl group bound to it and inactive when it does not. The enzymes that covalent ...
... C. Some enzymes are regulated when a chemical group is covalently bound to them. These enzymes are called interconvertible enzymes. In the example in the notes, this interconvertible enzyme is active when it has a phosphoryl group bound to it and inactive when it does not. The enzymes that covalent ...
Chapter 20 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
... • But ATP out and ADP in is net movement of a negative charge out - equivalent to a H+ going in • So every ATP transported out costs one H+ • One ATP synthesis costs about 3 H+ • Thus, making and exporting 1 ATP = 4H+ ...
... • But ATP out and ADP in is net movement of a negative charge out - equivalent to a H+ going in • So every ATP transported out costs one H+ • One ATP synthesis costs about 3 H+ • Thus, making and exporting 1 ATP = 4H+ ...
SBI-4U1 Exam Review
... Na is actively transported out of the nephron in the ascending LoH. This raises the osmotic pressure (solute concentration) of the surrounding interstitial fluid. Water leaves the descending limb by ...
... Na is actively transported out of the nephron in the ascending LoH. This raises the osmotic pressure (solute concentration) of the surrounding interstitial fluid. Water leaves the descending limb by ...
Glycolysis Worksheet High School Biology Use the
... a)The transfer of an inorganic phosphate group (Pi) from one substrate to another by way of an enzyme b) the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to a protein or other organic molecule c) the gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion. d)metabolic pathway in whic ...
... a)The transfer of an inorganic phosphate group (Pi) from one substrate to another by way of an enzyme b) the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to a protein or other organic molecule c) the gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion. d)metabolic pathway in whic ...
8 Cellular Respiration-An Overview
... dioxide and water. Combustion reactions release large amounts of energy. However, the energy release is uncontrolled. An organism would not be able to handle all that energy at once to do the work of the cell. Cellular respiration is essentially the same reaction as combustion, but the oxidation of ...
... dioxide and water. Combustion reactions release large amounts of energy. However, the energy release is uncontrolled. An organism would not be able to handle all that energy at once to do the work of the cell. Cellular respiration is essentially the same reaction as combustion, but the oxidation of ...
Exam III - chem.uwec.edu
... 4. Which of the following membranes would be the most fluid (circle the best choice)? a. A bilayer made of lipids with saturated 16 carbon-fatty acids b. A bilayer made of lipids with saturated 18 carbon-fatty acids c. A bilayer made of lipids with polyunsaturated 18 carbon-fatty acids d. A bilayer ...
... 4. Which of the following membranes would be the most fluid (circle the best choice)? a. A bilayer made of lipids with saturated 16 carbon-fatty acids b. A bilayer made of lipids with saturated 18 carbon-fatty acids c. A bilayer made of lipids with polyunsaturated 18 carbon-fatty acids d. A bilayer ...
BS3050 Physiology of Sport and Exercise
... events. The capacity of the muscles for such effort is about 95 – 120 kJ and the maximum power output is approx. 3 – 4 kW but this cannot be sustained for more than a minute or so. After this effort it can take 1 to 2 hrs to recover depending on the fitness of the individual. This source of energy d ...
... events. The capacity of the muscles for such effort is about 95 – 120 kJ and the maximum power output is approx. 3 – 4 kW but this cannot be sustained for more than a minute or so. After this effort it can take 1 to 2 hrs to recover depending on the fitness of the individual. This source of energy d ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... produce ATP without the help of oxygen • Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons to any electron acceptor, not just to oxygen. • In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to two pyruvate molecules with NAD+ as the oxidizing agent, not O2. • Some energy from this oxidation produces 2 ATP (net). • If oxyge ...
... produce ATP without the help of oxygen • Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons to any electron acceptor, not just to oxygen. • In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to two pyruvate molecules with NAD+ as the oxidizing agent, not O2. • Some energy from this oxidation produces 2 ATP (net). • If oxyge ...
Spotlight on Metabolism Ans
... First, triglycerides are separated into glycerol and three fatty acids. Glycerol forms pyruvate and can be broken down to yield a small amount of energy. Beta-oxidation breaks down fatty acid chains to two-carbon links that form acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle. Beta-oxidation and the ...
... First, triglycerides are separated into glycerol and three fatty acids. Glycerol forms pyruvate and can be broken down to yield a small amount of energy. Beta-oxidation breaks down fatty acid chains to two-carbon links that form acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle. Beta-oxidation and the ...
Jeopardy
... What roles do electrons and Hydrogen ions play in the lightDependent reactions of photosynthesis? ...
... What roles do electrons and Hydrogen ions play in the lightDependent reactions of photosynthesis? ...
Related Metabolic Processes
... produce ATP without the help of oxygen • Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons to any electron acceptor, not just to oxygen. • In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to two pyruvate molecules with NAD+ as the oxidizing agent, not O2. • Some energy from this oxidation produces 2 ATP (net). • If oxyge ...
... produce ATP without the help of oxygen • Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons to any electron acceptor, not just to oxygen. • In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to two pyruvate molecules with NAD+ as the oxidizing agent, not O2. • Some energy from this oxidation produces 2 ATP (net). • If oxyge ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.