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Lecture 5 T Cell-Mediated Immunity
Lecture 5 T Cell-Mediated Immunity

... Effector cells and antibodies play critical roles in almost all adaptive immune responses  Antigen-presenting cells play critical role in processing and presenting antigen to T cells  Cytokines are released by a variety of cell types and regulate a variety of biological effects  T-cell mediated c ...
4 4 2nd line of defense and specific defenses
4 4 2nd line of defense and specific defenses

... 1. What are the two lines of non-specific defense? 2. What are the two types of specific defense? 3. What type of cell engulfs antigens and presents them? 4. What type of cells activate other white blood cells to start an immune response? 5. What type of cells produce antibodies to clear pathogens f ...
Stress and the immune system
Stress and the immune system

... against intruders in the body. It defends the body against bacteria, toxins, viruses and parasites. These are known as antigens. ...
Innate immunity
Innate immunity

... 1. definition of innate immunity protection against infections that relies on the mechanisms that exist before infection and are capable of rapid response to pathogens . ...
RhoGTPases — NODes for effector-triggered immunity in
RhoGTPases — NODes for effector-triggered immunity in

... pathogenic potential of microbes and provides evidence that one strategy involves NOD1, which monitors the activation state of the RhoGTPases that are targeted by virulence effectors produced by pathogenic microbes. Interestingly, their findings reveal striking similarities with previous observation ...
File
File

... Antigen Presenting Cell • After a phagocyte destroys an invading pathogen it presents fragments of its antigens on its cell surface • The phagocyte is now referred to as an antigen presenting cell • A specific helper T cell then binds to the antigen on the antigen presenting cell • The helper T cel ...
final exam of medical immunology
final exam of medical immunology

... 20. All of the following are true about delayed-type hypersensitivity except… A. is mediated by T lymphocytes. B. includes contact sensitivity. C. includes the tuberculin reaction. D. includes Farmer’s lung. 21. Live vaccines are dangerous to the following people except… A. a pregnant woman. B. Tee ...
Nature of The Immune System
Nature of The Immune System

... Interferons - family of proteins which are important nonspecific defense mechanisms against viral infections. Transferrin - Bacteria do not thrive well in serum that contains low levels of iron but high levels of transferrin. Complement - a group of proteins that are essential for bacterial destruct ...
Immunity
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Immune System
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...  first line of defense  does not discriminate between different kinds of threats (pathogens)  no lasting memory of the particular invader 2. Non-specific defenses Table 13.1  species barrier: most pathogens are species specific  physical barriers: skin and mucous membrane  secretions: kills mi ...
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM - Coast Colleges Home Page
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM - Coast Colleges Home Page

... Barriers – skin, mucous membranes, tears Phagocytes – Neutrophils, Macrophages Natural Killer Cells – lymphocytes that lyse/kill cancer cells & virus-infected cells Proteins – complement & interferon Inflammation – Redness, Heat, Pain, Swelling Fever ...
Week 2 Immunology
Week 2 Immunology

... A cluster of genes located in close proximity that determine histocompatibility antigens from members of a species. (eg. recognition of self versus non-self). ...
Diseases of the Immune System
Diseases of the Immune System

... • The median survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype ...
Immunity
Immunity

Long noncoding RNA found to quell inflammation
Long noncoding RNA found to quell inflammation

... off until a pathogen is encountered. This discovery expression of immune genes in check by controlling points to an unrecognized role for lincRNAs in the the position of the nucleosome so they are immune system and may lead to new insights into inaccessible. When lincRNA-EPS is no longer inflammator ...
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Document

... A. Specificity 1. produces cytotoxic T-cells (TC) which attack and destroy infected cells and cancer cells a. many pathogens, including ALL viruses, are obligate ...
Do vaccines overwhelm the immune system?
Do vaccines overwhelm the immune system?

... system to do what it is naturally meant to do – develop antibodies that can fight disease and keep your child healthy – vaccines make your child’s immune system even stronger! It’s natural for your child to be exposed to many different forms of bacteria and viruses every day, whether through eating, ...
Ch21A - MDC Faculty Home Pages
Ch21A - MDC Faculty Home Pages

... these include: ____________________that eat invader, and ________________________________ that lyse and kill cancer cells and virus-infected body cells before the immune system is activated – are “_____________________________” of the defense system. Inflammatory response is triggered by ___________ ...
PHA 321 - Biosciences II
PHA 321 - Biosciences II

Spring 2008 - Antelope Valley College
Spring 2008 - Antelope Valley College

... The class of antibody that is involved in allergic reactions is ____________________________. ...
The Immune System File
The Immune System File

... spleen, brain and lungs. They circulate in the bloodstream and tissue fluid, looking for pathogens to engulf • (ii) neutrophils and monocytes -> white blood cells that attack bacteria – dead macrophages and bacteria are visible as pus at the site of infection http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/007 ...
Immunity 2014
Immunity 2014

... 1st line: Non-specific External defense  Barrier  skin ...
Week 1
Week 1

1. dia
1. dia

... NO SIGNAL 1. for CD4+ Th activation Normal tissue cells do not express co-stimulatory molecules and do not produce T cell differentiating cytokines NO SIGNAL 2. for CD4+ Th activation Migration of naive T lymphocytes to normal tissues is limited Antigen presenting cells are not activated in normal t ...
Yannick Morias Human African trypanosomias (HAT), also
Yannick Morias Human African trypanosomias (HAT), also

... These parasites can also infect cattle and cause Nagana. During the whole course of infection, these parasites stay extracellular, exposing them to immune attacks by antibodies and microbicidal compounds released by myeloid cells. However, African trypanosomes have developed mechanisms to escape the ...
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Immune system



The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.
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