31.4 Immunity and Technology
... Produce memory cells 11. Memory cells do not have to be activated- they respond right away. 12.Vaccines are made of : dead, whole pathogens, weak pathogens, pieces of pathogens, bacterial toxins ...
... Produce memory cells 11. Memory cells do not have to be activated- they respond right away. 12.Vaccines are made of : dead, whole pathogens, weak pathogens, pieces of pathogens, bacterial toxins ...
7th Lecture
... Kupffer cells in the liver, have an important role in the development of specific immune responses to pathogens in that they process and present antigens to T lymphocytes ...
... Kupffer cells in the liver, have an important role in the development of specific immune responses to pathogens in that they process and present antigens to T lymphocytes ...
Chapter 6 - trinapierce
... engulfs pathogens and other materials. T-Cells: an immune system cell that coordinates the immune system and attacks many infected cells B Cell: a white blood cell that makes antibodies. Antibodies: a protein made by B cells that bind to a specific antigen ...
... engulfs pathogens and other materials. T-Cells: an immune system cell that coordinates the immune system and attacks many infected cells B Cell: a white blood cell that makes antibodies. Antibodies: a protein made by B cells that bind to a specific antigen ...
Types of immunity :- 1- innate immunity 2
... 2- Secondary Lymphoid organs :- consist of lymph nodes , spleen , mucosa – associated lymphoid tissue ( MALT ) e.g :- tonsils , peyer patches,appendix, bronchial, mammary tissues. ...
... 2- Secondary Lymphoid organs :- consist of lymph nodes , spleen , mucosa – associated lymphoid tissue ( MALT ) e.g :- tonsils , peyer patches,appendix, bronchial, mammary tissues. ...
The immune response against dying tumor cells: avoid
... sacrifice via programmed cell death (PCD) of infected cells; a response that is found in all metazoan phyla including plants (which do not possess any mobile cells and hence lack an immune system). In mammals, microbial invasion does not only trigger PCD of infected cells but also elicits an immune ...
... sacrifice via programmed cell death (PCD) of infected cells; a response that is found in all metazoan phyla including plants (which do not possess any mobile cells and hence lack an immune system). In mammals, microbial invasion does not only trigger PCD of infected cells but also elicits an immune ...
Immune responses in viral infections
... reactivity of antibodies or T cell epitopes. This pathology can occur long after infectious agent has been eliminated (e.g. rheumatic fever after strept. infection). ...
... reactivity of antibodies or T cell epitopes. This pathology can occur long after infectious agent has been eliminated (e.g. rheumatic fever after strept. infection). ...
Generation of ligands for the T cell receptor
... Dendritic cells (DC) & the initiation of immune responses • Lymphocyte activation – Ag recognition (Signal 1) – Co-stimulations (Signal 2) ...
... Dendritic cells (DC) & the initiation of immune responses • Lymphocyte activation – Ag recognition (Signal 1) – Co-stimulations (Signal 2) ...
Genetics of Immunity
... against that pathogen • Protection of having a previous attack without actually having the risk • Once some diseases have been removed with vaccines there is no longer any need to administer them: ...
... against that pathogen • Protection of having a previous attack without actually having the risk • Once some diseases have been removed with vaccines there is no longer any need to administer them: ...
TOPIC 11.1
... • Passive Immunity: – Immunity due to the acquisition (acquiring, getting) antibodies produced by another organism – No memory cell production, short-term immunity – ex. mother to fetus via placenta, mother to infant via colostrum (breast milk) ...
... • Passive Immunity: – Immunity due to the acquisition (acquiring, getting) antibodies produced by another organism – No memory cell production, short-term immunity – ex. mother to fetus via placenta, mother to infant via colostrum (breast milk) ...
241.Autoimmunity
... of B cells to secrete IgM even without needing CD4 T cell help. Polyclonal activation leads to the activation of selfreactive B cells and autoantibody production. Patients with mononucleosis (caused by EBV) and AIDS (HIV) have a variety of autoantibodies. ...
... of B cells to secrete IgM even without needing CD4 T cell help. Polyclonal activation leads to the activation of selfreactive B cells and autoantibody production. Patients with mononucleosis (caused by EBV) and AIDS (HIV) have a variety of autoantibodies. ...
Chapter Objectives: Chapter 43 the Immune System
... 8. Describe several systemic reactions to infections and explain how they contribute to defense 9. Describe a plausible mechanism for how interferon can fight viral infection and might act against cancer 10. Explain how complement proteins may be activate and how they function in cooperation with ot ...
... 8. Describe several systemic reactions to infections and explain how they contribute to defense 9. Describe a plausible mechanism for how interferon can fight viral infection and might act against cancer 10. Explain how complement proteins may be activate and how they function in cooperation with ot ...
Endocrinology 5b – Adrenal steroids, anti-inflammatory and
... o Fibroblasts – produce matrix proteins and lay down fibrous tissue in areas of healing and chronic inflammation Cells that migrate from the blood stream to tissues: o Ploymorphonuclear leukocytes – neutrophils and then eosinophils are recruited by chemoattractants – kill invading pathogens by rel ...
... o Fibroblasts – produce matrix proteins and lay down fibrous tissue in areas of healing and chronic inflammation Cells that migrate from the blood stream to tissues: o Ploymorphonuclear leukocytes – neutrophils and then eosinophils are recruited by chemoattractants – kill invading pathogens by rel ...
III. Immunology and Complement
... Leave bone marrow and travel to the thymus to mature Approximately 75 to 80% of lymphocytes are T cells. Important in recognizing foreign material that is fixed in the ...
... Leave bone marrow and travel to the thymus to mature Approximately 75 to 80% of lymphocytes are T cells. Important in recognizing foreign material that is fixed in the ...
Immunogens, Antigens, and Haptens Initiation of immune response
... Significance in - tolerance and autoimmunity - Isohemagglutinins ...
... Significance in - tolerance and autoimmunity - Isohemagglutinins ...
Document
... Alum), water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions (e.g. Freund’s adjuvant), as well as natural and synthetic toxins derived from bacteria (e.g. cholera toxin, CT and lymphotoxin, LT). Based on their mechanism of action, adjuvants have been categorised into two broad groups; the particulate vaccine-deliv ...
... Alum), water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions (e.g. Freund’s adjuvant), as well as natural and synthetic toxins derived from bacteria (e.g. cholera toxin, CT and lymphotoxin, LT). Based on their mechanism of action, adjuvants have been categorised into two broad groups; the particulate vaccine-deliv ...
4_28_15-PBS-Day 8 - Kenwood Academy High School
... Helper T cell causes activation of the complementary B cell. B cells can also activate themselves. This B cell proliferates and differentiates into plasma B cells and Memory B cells. Plasma B cells make antibodies. Memory B cells remember/recognize specific antigens in the future (mount ...
... Helper T cell causes activation of the complementary B cell. B cells can also activate themselves. This B cell proliferates and differentiates into plasma B cells and Memory B cells. Plasma B cells make antibodies. Memory B cells remember/recognize specific antigens in the future (mount ...
CHAPTER 2 Immune Response to Infection
... In the bone marrow are marked to become T cells, B cells, or null cells B cells may become plasma cells which produces antibodies T cells secrete cytokines which are effector molecules for multiple immunocytes and somatic cells. 5. Uncommitted null cells may become natural killer (NK) cells which ki ...
... In the bone marrow are marked to become T cells, B cells, or null cells B cells may become plasma cells which produces antibodies T cells secrete cytokines which are effector molecules for multiple immunocytes and somatic cells. 5. Uncommitted null cells may become natural killer (NK) cells which ki ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.