1 - What a Year!
... Dr. Wherry’s research has so far focused only on one particular cell death pathway, PD-1. In his genetics experiments, though, Dr. Wherry identified around a half dozen other cell death pathways similar to PD-1 and dozens of other cell death mechanisms. Why do you think there are so many cell death ...
... Dr. Wherry’s research has so far focused only on one particular cell death pathway, PD-1. In his genetics experiments, though, Dr. Wherry identified around a half dozen other cell death pathways similar to PD-1 and dozens of other cell death mechanisms. Why do you think there are so many cell death ...
CBE Seminar - Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware
... Cytokines constitute a large class of secreted proteins that signal through membraneembedded receptors to orchestrate all aspects of the immune response. Their critical role in immune regulation has motivated the therapeutic use of cytokines to treat a range of diseases including autoimmune disorder ...
... Cytokines constitute a large class of secreted proteins that signal through membraneembedded receptors to orchestrate all aspects of the immune response. Their critical role in immune regulation has motivated the therapeutic use of cytokines to treat a range of diseases including autoimmune disorder ...
Importance of Cell Surfaces
... Mutations in certain genes may show as an autoimmune disease Hemolytic anaemia, lupus erythematosis, polyarthritis, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia where immune system destroys cells responsible for blood clotting ...
... Mutations in certain genes may show as an autoimmune disease Hemolytic anaemia, lupus erythematosis, polyarthritis, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia where immune system destroys cells responsible for blood clotting ...
Immune System
... ▫ When pathogens are detected: White blood cells flood area through blood vessels near wound Many WBC are phagocytes – engulf and destroy ...
... ▫ When pathogens are detected: White blood cells flood area through blood vessels near wound Many WBC are phagocytes – engulf and destroy ...
Specific Immunity
... • T-cells are part of an adaptive and specific response – Specific: Recognition site involves two polypeptide chains that result from gene rearrangement to provide many possible combinations in the variable region (sound familiar?) – Adaptive: Clonal expansion of T-cells occurs ...
... • T-cells are part of an adaptive and specific response – Specific: Recognition site involves two polypeptide chains that result from gene rearrangement to provide many possible combinations in the variable region (sound familiar?) – Adaptive: Clonal expansion of T-cells occurs ...
immunesystem
... • What is the 1st line of defense as shown in the video presentation? Give three explains that were shown. • What is the body’s 2nd line of defense as shown in the video presentation? What is the inflammatory response? • What is an interferon? ...
... • What is the 1st line of defense as shown in the video presentation? Give three explains that were shown. • What is the body’s 2nd line of defense as shown in the video presentation? What is the inflammatory response? • What is an interferon? ...
Hypersensitivities
... Grave’s disease, Myasthenia gravis, MS, and very many others typically result in damage to target cell, but not its destruction Alloimmunity: bad blood transfusion, hemolytic disease of newborn (antibodies from mom attacking blood of fetus), hyperacute graft rejection (host’s blood had preform ...
... Grave’s disease, Myasthenia gravis, MS, and very many others typically result in damage to target cell, but not its destruction Alloimmunity: bad blood transfusion, hemolytic disease of newborn (antibodies from mom attacking blood of fetus), hyperacute graft rejection (host’s blood had preform ...
31.3 Immune Responses
... • Vaccination provides immunity. – stimulates a specific immune response – causes memory B & T cells to be produced – allows immune system to respond quickly to infection next time – has such a fast response, a person will not get sick ...
... • Vaccination provides immunity. – stimulates a specific immune response – causes memory B & T cells to be produced – allows immune system to respond quickly to infection next time – has such a fast response, a person will not get sick ...
MCB 181 (Nov 4 – Dec 4) Information and Heredity
... • The graph below shows the time required for antibody production after initial exposure to an antigen (e.g. flu shot). • Notice that upon second exposure (second peak of the blue line) to the same antigen the production of antibodies is both faster and dramatically larger (log scale). • The reason ...
... • The graph below shows the time required for antibody production after initial exposure to an antigen (e.g. flu shot). • Notice that upon second exposure (second peak of the blue line) to the same antigen the production of antibodies is both faster and dramatically larger (log scale). • The reason ...
Computational Immunology An Introduction
... • all plants, animals, insects... have an innate immune system • example: complement binds to mannose on bacterial cell walls, flagging for phagocytosis ...
... • all plants, animals, insects... have an innate immune system • example: complement binds to mannose on bacterial cell walls, flagging for phagocytosis ...
Chapter 13: Lymphatics
... 19. What is the origin of “B” in the designation of B-cells? Which organs “educate” Bcells in humans? 20. What do B-cells secrete? 21. What is the special action of NK cells? What do they secrete? 22. What is apotosis? 23. Name the primary lymphatic organs in humans. What happens to lymphocytes in t ...
... 19. What is the origin of “B” in the designation of B-cells? Which organs “educate” Bcells in humans? 20. What do B-cells secrete? 21. What is the special action of NK cells? What do they secrete? 22. What is apotosis? 23. Name the primary lymphatic organs in humans. What happens to lymphocytes in t ...
Immune_System_Vocabulary
... Lymphocytes – T and B cells Cell mediated response – part of the adaptive immune response, in which T cells elicit B cells to produce antibodies, and also go themselves to destroy pathogens Humoral response – part of the adaptive immune response, in which B cells produce antibodies to incapacitate ...
... Lymphocytes – T and B cells Cell mediated response – part of the adaptive immune response, in which T cells elicit B cells to produce antibodies, and also go themselves to destroy pathogens Humoral response – part of the adaptive immune response, in which B cells produce antibodies to incapacitate ...
Immune System Notes
... B LYMPHOCYTES (B cells) make ANTIBODIES IMMUNOGLOBULINS (proteins) Antibodies weaken pathogens and mark for phagocytic cells to “eat” 2. CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE- important in VIRUSES, CANCER, TRANSPLANTS • Uses T LYMPHOCYTES (T cells) • Made in bone marrow; become T cells in thymus 1. CYTOTOXI ...
... B LYMPHOCYTES (B cells) make ANTIBODIES IMMUNOGLOBULINS (proteins) Antibodies weaken pathogens and mark for phagocytic cells to “eat” 2. CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE- important in VIRUSES, CANCER, TRANSPLANTS • Uses T LYMPHOCYTES (T cells) • Made in bone marrow; become T cells in thymus 1. CYTOTOXI ...
B cell
... give the antibody its specificity for binding antigen. Treating the antibody with a protease can cleave this region, producing Fab or fragment antigen binding that include the variable ends of an antibody. Material used for the studies shown below originated from Fab. The constant region determines ...
... give the antibody its specificity for binding antigen. Treating the antibody with a protease can cleave this region, producing Fab or fragment antigen binding that include the variable ends of an antibody. Material used for the studies shown below originated from Fab. The constant region determines ...
Personalized Approaches to Immunotherapy
... • Non-small cell lung cancer. Stage IV at initial diagnosis: 10 cm. tumor. • No prior treatment except radiation. • Tumor enlarged before shrinking after 5 DCVax-Direct injections. • Difficulty breathing before DCVax treatment; now back to full life, and swimming. ...
... • Non-small cell lung cancer. Stage IV at initial diagnosis: 10 cm. tumor. • No prior treatment except radiation. • Tumor enlarged before shrinking after 5 DCVax-Direct injections. • Difficulty breathing before DCVax treatment; now back to full life, and swimming. ...
Co-receptors
... The activation of specialised immune cells from the adaptive immune response (i.e. B cells and T cells) is controlled by their specific antigen receptor but also by co-receptors. In order to be fully activated and ready to respond to intruders or damaged cells, naïve T cells (that haven’t contacted ...
... The activation of specialised immune cells from the adaptive immune response (i.e. B cells and T cells) is controlled by their specific antigen receptor but also by co-receptors. In order to be fully activated and ready to respond to intruders or damaged cells, naïve T cells (that haven’t contacted ...
The Characterization of Myeloid Cell Subsets in Innate and Adaptive
... to adaptive immune response against Listeria. In particular, immunity in secondary lymphoid organ such as lymph node (LN), there are much more complicated network among immune cells. Therefore I focused on the induction of immune responses in draining-LN against Listeria infection through skin. Myel ...
... to adaptive immune response against Listeria. In particular, immunity in secondary lymphoid organ such as lymph node (LN), there are much more complicated network among immune cells. Therefore I focused on the induction of immune responses in draining-LN against Listeria infection through skin. Myel ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.