Immune Systm.graffle
... The ability of the body to defend itself against pathogens or poisons depends on the immune system. The T helper cells have the ability to recognize antigens (foreign substance). Once this is done, other cells (B cells) must make special molecules out of protein that attach to the antigen. These spe ...
... The ability of the body to defend itself against pathogens or poisons depends on the immune system. The T helper cells have the ability to recognize antigens (foreign substance). Once this is done, other cells (B cells) must make special molecules out of protein that attach to the antigen. These spe ...
Immune System Notes: Part I
... Proteins of the Immune System Antibodies – (aka Immunoglobulins or Igs) Produced naturally in our bodies and are found on the surface of B Cells (lymphocytes) Y shaped protein Each has a specific receptor site on it’s surface called a combining site (concave shape) Each antibody has a compl ...
... Proteins of the Immune System Antibodies – (aka Immunoglobulins or Igs) Produced naturally in our bodies and are found on the surface of B Cells (lymphocytes) Y shaped protein Each has a specific receptor site on it’s surface called a combining site (concave shape) Each antibody has a compl ...
immune system - Solon City Schools
... Cells…known as: Lymphocytes Lymphocyte- produce antibodies; T & B cells, circulate in blood and lymph when mature B lymphocyte: many diff types, plamsa cells(make lots of antibodies); memory cells(divide fast as soon as antigen is present again) ...
... Cells…known as: Lymphocytes Lymphocyte- produce antibodies; T & B cells, circulate in blood and lymph when mature B lymphocyte: many diff types, plamsa cells(make lots of antibodies); memory cells(divide fast as soon as antigen is present again) ...
Vaccination and HIV
... A copy of the plasmid is transferred through conjugation. Resistance is quickly spread through many bacteria. ...
... A copy of the plasmid is transferred through conjugation. Resistance is quickly spread through many bacteria. ...
IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE
... (generative) lymphoid organs, where all developing lymphocytes pass through a stage at which encounter with antigen may lead to cell death or replacement of a self-reactive antigen receptor with a new one ...
... (generative) lymphoid organs, where all developing lymphocytes pass through a stage at which encounter with antigen may lead to cell death or replacement of a self-reactive antigen receptor with a new one ...
Exam 3 2006
... B. are multiclonal in origin C. have undergone mutational events D. A and C are correct E. B and C are correct 16. Breast cancer rates are different based on where one lives. For example, the incidence of breast cancer in U.S. is high and low in Japan. The breast cancer incidence of third generation ...
... B. are multiclonal in origin C. have undergone mutational events D. A and C are correct E. B and C are correct 16. Breast cancer rates are different based on where one lives. For example, the incidence of breast cancer in U.S. is high and low in Japan. The breast cancer incidence of third generation ...
Humoral Immunity
... B cell • B cells are lymphocytes and mature in the bone marrow. • Express immunoglobulin receptor (IgM or IgD) on the cell surface called B cell receptor (BCR). • Different types of B cells are found (Naïve, Activated, ...
... B cell • B cells are lymphocytes and mature in the bone marrow. • Express immunoglobulin receptor (IgM or IgD) on the cell surface called B cell receptor (BCR). • Different types of B cells are found (Naïve, Activated, ...
Porgador COBRE seminar 082813 (PDF)
... Natural killer (NK) cells contribute substantially to the innate immune response by providing crucial early defense against viral infections and cellular transformation. NK cell activity is a balance between signals delivered by inhibitory and activating receptors. Major human NK activating receptor ...
... Natural killer (NK) cells contribute substantially to the innate immune response by providing crucial early defense against viral infections and cellular transformation. NK cell activity is a balance between signals delivered by inhibitory and activating receptors. Major human NK activating receptor ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... (b) What is antigen? Cite the factors that contribute to antigenicity? 13. (a) What is agglutination? Describe the process of blood grouping. Or (b) Write the principle and process of immunoelectrophoresis. ...
... (b) What is antigen? Cite the factors that contribute to antigenicity? 13. (a) What is agglutination? Describe the process of blood grouping. Or (b) Write the principle and process of immunoelectrophoresis. ...
Non-Specific Defense
... Antibody An antibody is a protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. Each antibody recognizes a specific antigen unique to its target. ...
... Antibody An antibody is a protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. Each antibody recognizes a specific antigen unique to its target. ...
antigen
... exposed to the pathogen, the memory cells recognize it and divide rapidly – producing many more antibodies. This eliminates the invader before it can cause illness. ...
... exposed to the pathogen, the memory cells recognize it and divide rapidly – producing many more antibodies. This eliminates the invader before it can cause illness. ...
30_Extracellular bact BA
... Inhibition of complement-dependent cell lysis Str. pyogenes Sialic acid rich capsule inhibits activation of the alternative complement pathway Some Gram-neg bacteria have a lipidA component that inhibits the MAC complex Scavenging of reactive oxigen intermediates Catalase positive staphylococci Degr ...
... Inhibition of complement-dependent cell lysis Str. pyogenes Sialic acid rich capsule inhibits activation of the alternative complement pathway Some Gram-neg bacteria have a lipidA component that inhibits the MAC complex Scavenging of reactive oxigen intermediates Catalase positive staphylococci Degr ...
12.2 Review Questions What happens when serum containing B
... 6. What three questions must the criminalist answer when examining dried blood? 7. Name the most common color test for blood and describe how it identifies bloodstains. 8. Describe how luminal is used to detect bloodstains. 9. Name two reasons why color tests are superior to microcrystalline tests f ...
... 6. What three questions must the criminalist answer when examining dried blood? 7. Name the most common color test for blood and describe how it identifies bloodstains. 8. Describe how luminal is used to detect bloodstains. 9. Name two reasons why color tests are superior to microcrystalline tests f ...
BIOL212Test3Guide30MAY2012
... **** All quizzes and tests are cumulative!! **** For this one, the emphasis will be on Circulation, Respiration, Osmoregulation and Excretion, Immunity, some Reproduction and early Development (Chap. 42, 43, 44, 46 & Sec. 47.1 & 47.2) You should be able to define any term printed in bold in the text ...
... **** All quizzes and tests are cumulative!! **** For this one, the emphasis will be on Circulation, Respiration, Osmoregulation and Excretion, Immunity, some Reproduction and early Development (Chap. 42, 43, 44, 46 & Sec. 47.1 & 47.2) You should be able to define any term printed in bold in the text ...
lymphocytes
... B -Lymphocytes • Some activated B cells PLASMA CELLS these produce lots of Ab • The Ab travel to the blood, lymph, lining of gut and lungs. • Number of plasma cells decreases after a few weeks • Ab stay in the blood longer but eventually their numbers go down ...
... B -Lymphocytes • Some activated B cells PLASMA CELLS these produce lots of Ab • The Ab travel to the blood, lymph, lining of gut and lungs. • Number of plasma cells decreases after a few weeks • Ab stay in the blood longer but eventually their numbers go down ...
Immunity to infection
... membrane attack complex, or by secreting enzymes which destroy C5. • Antibody combats these tricks by neutralizing the toxins, and by overcoming the antiphagocytic nature of the capsules by opsonizing them with immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3b. • Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have receptors for micr ...
... membrane attack complex, or by secreting enzymes which destroy C5. • Antibody combats these tricks by neutralizing the toxins, and by overcoming the antiphagocytic nature of the capsules by opsonizing them with immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3b. • Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have receptors for micr ...
Innate Immune Response
... 20. Where are MHC 1 molecules found? 21. Where are MHC 2 molecules found? 22. What does an MHC molecule present to the immune system? 23. What are the requirements for an effective defence against pathogens? 24. What are the two possible outcomes of a microbial invasion in terms of the innate immune ...
... 20. Where are MHC 1 molecules found? 21. Where are MHC 2 molecules found? 22. What does an MHC molecule present to the immune system? 23. What are the requirements for an effective defence against pathogens? 24. What are the two possible outcomes of a microbial invasion in terms of the innate immune ...
Antibodies - INAYA Medical College
... – React optimally at a temperature of 37C, and are so called warm agglutinins. – These antibodies can cross the placental barrier, e.g. IgG ...
... – React optimally at a temperature of 37C, and are so called warm agglutinins. – These antibodies can cross the placental barrier, e.g. IgG ...
The Immune System - Holy Angels School
... • Macrophages help start the body’s immune response to antigens. • An antigen is a substance that stimulates a response by the immune system. • T cells can coordinate the body’s immune response and attack infected cells. • Helper T cells activate killer T cells, which attack infected body cells. • B ...
... • Macrophages help start the body’s immune response to antigens. • An antigen is a substance that stimulates a response by the immune system. • T cells can coordinate the body’s immune response and attack infected cells. • Helper T cells activate killer T cells, which attack infected body cells. • B ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.