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... b. Active – antigen deliberately introduced into individ. to stimulate their immune system EX: VACCINATION * dead organism or live altered one (produces no symptoms) ...
... b. Active – antigen deliberately introduced into individ. to stimulate their immune system EX: VACCINATION * dead organism or live altered one (produces no symptoms) ...
Cells
... is combined with MHC & displayed on PM T-cell receptors: bind to the MHC & are stimulated by the associated antigen The addition of a co-stimulator (cytokines, interleukins, etc) prompts the T-cell to form a clone ...
... is combined with MHC & displayed on PM T-cell receptors: bind to the MHC & are stimulated by the associated antigen The addition of a co-stimulator (cytokines, interleukins, etc) prompts the T-cell to form a clone ...
study guide for exam 4
... Why are recipient human leukocyte antigens assayed before a transplant match can be made? Why is immunosuppression used in transplants and what are some of the agents that do this? HIV has an affinity for cells that bear the _______ antigen(s) on their surface. People with HIV are susceptible to man ...
... Why are recipient human leukocyte antigens assayed before a transplant match can be made? Why is immunosuppression used in transplants and what are some of the agents that do this? HIV has an affinity for cells that bear the _______ antigen(s) on their surface. People with HIV are susceptible to man ...
Chimeric Immune System
... T cells and B cells: white blood cells, more specific forms of protection ...
... T cells and B cells: white blood cells, more specific forms of protection ...
CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA CLL
... • Transformation in to a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(Richter`s syndrome) or prolymphocytic leukemia occurs in less than 5% of patients. ...
... • Transformation in to a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(Richter`s syndrome) or prolymphocytic leukemia occurs in less than 5% of patients. ...
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... cell’s membrane 3. The pores allow a “signal” molecule from the NK cell to enter the target cell and trigger a genetically controlled series of events 4. The target cell then switches on a “suicide” gene, and “suicide” proteins are released 5. “Suicide” proteins function as self-destructive (degrada ...
... cell’s membrane 3. The pores allow a “signal” molecule from the NK cell to enter the target cell and trigger a genetically controlled series of events 4. The target cell then switches on a “suicide” gene, and “suicide” proteins are released 5. “Suicide” proteins function as self-destructive (degrada ...
Bristol-Myers Squibb - Tumor Mutation Burden
... Measuring the quantity of mutations carried by a tumor—the tumor mutation burden (TMB)—is under investigation to evaluate whether TMB may help predict the likelihood that a patient will benefit from certain I-O therapies. • Tumor cells with high TMB may have more neoantigens, with an associated inc ...
... Measuring the quantity of mutations carried by a tumor—the tumor mutation burden (TMB)—is under investigation to evaluate whether TMB may help predict the likelihood that a patient will benefit from certain I-O therapies. • Tumor cells with high TMB may have more neoantigens, with an associated inc ...
innate immune systemch14
... • Central feature = splitting of C3 → C3a & C3b • Enzyme that splits C3 = C3 convertase • C3 also spontaneously degenerates to form C3a & C3b at a constant rate • Alternative pathway: C3b binds to foreign cell surface receptors → formation of C3 convertase • Lectin pathway: pattern recognition recep ...
... • Central feature = splitting of C3 → C3a & C3b • Enzyme that splits C3 = C3 convertase • C3 also spontaneously degenerates to form C3a & C3b at a constant rate • Alternative pathway: C3b binds to foreign cell surface receptors → formation of C3 convertase • Lectin pathway: pattern recognition recep ...
T cell-mediated immune response
... • ADCC (Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) – IgG opsonized microb is destroyed by NK cells after its binding to IC • Activation of the complement system (classical pathway) ...
... • ADCC (Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) – IgG opsonized microb is destroyed by NK cells after its binding to IC • Activation of the complement system (classical pathway) ...
Chapter 12 Outline - Navarro College Shortcuts
... recognition and understanding over the past two decades, largely due to research into AIDS, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Its importance in fighting disease and maintaining healthy homeostatic balance within nearly all body systems cannot be overstated. Although at first unfamiliar to students, ...
... recognition and understanding over the past two decades, largely due to research into AIDS, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Its importance in fighting disease and maintaining healthy homeostatic balance within nearly all body systems cannot be overstated. Although at first unfamiliar to students, ...
Immune Activity Questions:
... Immune Activity Questions: Questions: Attach your individual’s questions to the team’s project. 1. Discuss some of the ways microbes evade the body's immune system. 2. Distinguish between antigen and antibody. Then explain how antibodies and macrophages work together during an antigen-antibody react ...
... Immune Activity Questions: Questions: Attach your individual’s questions to the team’s project. 1. Discuss some of the ways microbes evade the body's immune system. 2. Distinguish between antigen and antibody. Then explain how antibodies and macrophages work together during an antigen-antibody react ...
Intro to Immune System Chpt. 1
... • in periphery they express a unique surface antibody • Plasma cells differentiated B cell, short lifespan, antibody factory • Memory B cell (CD45RO), long life span ...
... • in periphery they express a unique surface antibody • Plasma cells differentiated B cell, short lifespan, antibody factory • Memory B cell (CD45RO), long life span ...
helper T cells
... allows the body to recognize, remember, and respond to a specific stimulus, an antigen. Adaptive immunity can result in the elimination of microorganisms and recovery from disease and the host often acquires a specific immunologic memory. This condition of memory or recall (acquired resistance) allo ...
... allows the body to recognize, remember, and respond to a specific stimulus, an antigen. Adaptive immunity can result in the elimination of microorganisms and recovery from disease and the host often acquires a specific immunologic memory. This condition of memory or recall (acquired resistance) allo ...
Anti-Mouse CD357
... GITR (Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR family gene) and its ligand (GITRL) are induced upon activation of a number of immune cell types. GITR is expressed at low levels on resting T cells, but its expression is rapidly increased upon activation. Although constitutively expressed on Foxp3+ regulatory T ce ...
... GITR (Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR family gene) and its ligand (GITRL) are induced upon activation of a number of immune cell types. GITR is expressed at low levels on resting T cells, but its expression is rapidly increased upon activation. Although constitutively expressed on Foxp3+ regulatory T ce ...
Humoral immune response
... • in addition, we can distinguish subtypes of antibodies within some classes (IgG, IgA) based on their H chain differences ...
... • in addition, we can distinguish subtypes of antibodies within some classes (IgG, IgA) based on their H chain differences ...
Understanding Stress and Disease
... over the course of the first semester of LS. Took measures (T1 & T2) of dispositional and ...
... over the course of the first semester of LS. Took measures (T1 & T2) of dispositional and ...
Innate Immunity Notes
... C) Lactobacillus 1) produce lactic acid in the vagina causing the pH to be too low for other bacteria to survive D. Cell Communicators 1. allow cells to communicate with their environment and each other 2. two components A) surface receptors – cell’s “ears” 1) integral membrane proteins 2) only bind ...
... C) Lactobacillus 1) produce lactic acid in the vagina causing the pH to be too low for other bacteria to survive D. Cell Communicators 1. allow cells to communicate with their environment and each other 2. two components A) surface receptors – cell’s “ears” 1) integral membrane proteins 2) only bind ...
Preventing Communicable Diseases
... “B” cells produce antibodies – a protein that acts against a specific antigen. An antibody will either mark a cell for destruction, destroy the antigen or block the virus from entering the body. ...
... “B” cells produce antibodies – a protein that acts against a specific antigen. An antibody will either mark a cell for destruction, destroy the antigen or block the virus from entering the body. ...
Medical Biology
... defending against fungi, protozoans, cancers, and intracellular bacteria. It also plays a major role in transplant rejection. Cellular immunity protects the body by: -activating antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that are able to induce apoptosis in body cells displaying epitopes of foreign an ...
... defending against fungi, protozoans, cancers, and intracellular bacteria. It also plays a major role in transplant rejection. Cellular immunity protects the body by: -activating antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that are able to induce apoptosis in body cells displaying epitopes of foreign an ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.