Immune system
... Activating receptors - Some surface lectins, Fc receptor CD16 ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) NK cells recognize cell opsonized with IgG antibodies by the Fc receptor CD16, this leads to the activation of cytotoxic mechanisms (NK degranulation) ...
... Activating receptors - Some surface lectins, Fc receptor CD16 ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) NK cells recognize cell opsonized with IgG antibodies by the Fc receptor CD16, this leads to the activation of cytotoxic mechanisms (NK degranulation) ...
The Human Body Systems
... attacked the body) to deactivate them. (1) T Cells – Identify one kind of pathogen from another – (a) Over 10 million T Cells in your body, each able to recognize different types of proteins (Antigens) found on the cell membrane of the pathogen. T Cells are able to identify the antigens as from your ...
... attacked the body) to deactivate them. (1) T Cells – Identify one kind of pathogen from another – (a) Over 10 million T Cells in your body, each able to recognize different types of proteins (Antigens) found on the cell membrane of the pathogen. T Cells are able to identify the antigens as from your ...
![Riggs_Signal_Transduction-_PAMP_Presentation[1]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008651685_1-7a9da834997c5984d78c99bc734baadf-300x300.png)
Riggs_Signal_Transduction-_PAMP_Presentation[1]
... INNATE IMMUNITY There are many types of pattern recognition receptors in different locations in tissues that respond to invading organisms Recognition molecules are expressed by: ...
... INNATE IMMUNITY There are many types of pattern recognition receptors in different locations in tissues that respond to invading organisms Recognition molecules are expressed by: ...
ppt
... Immune system is probably evolved to deal with infections, to rid the body of infectious agents, and to prevent reinfection. Pathogens that it cannot get rid of are trouble. ...
... Immune system is probably evolved to deal with infections, to rid the body of infectious agents, and to prevent reinfection. Pathogens that it cannot get rid of are trouble. ...
File
... b. Active – antigen deliberately introduced into individ. to stimulate their immune system EX: VACCINATION * dead organism or live altered one (produces no symptoms) ...
... b. Active – antigen deliberately introduced into individ. to stimulate their immune system EX: VACCINATION * dead organism or live altered one (produces no symptoms) ...
Southampton Health Journal
... junctional communication from adjacent cells when they become sick; it is likely that this response evolved early as an extracellular response to intracellular disease. There have been few studies of gap junctional intercellular communication in phagocytes and lymphocytes. When my second paper was a ...
... junctional communication from adjacent cells when they become sick; it is likely that this response evolved early as an extracellular response to intracellular disease. There have been few studies of gap junctional intercellular communication in phagocytes and lymphocytes. When my second paper was a ...
Suggested Answers for Case Study, Chapter 16, Mechanisms of
... Although the components of nutritional intake are valuable to all stages of wound healing, some have more specific qualities. Both vitamin A and C assist collagen synthesis, but vitamin C has a direct influence on collagen assembly and the removal of byproducts that result from collagen manufacturin ...
... Although the components of nutritional intake are valuable to all stages of wound healing, some have more specific qualities. Both vitamin A and C assist collagen synthesis, but vitamin C has a direct influence on collagen assembly and the removal of byproducts that result from collagen manufacturin ...
Immunology
... 3. Which blood component is correctly paired with a process in which it is directly involved? (1) white blood cells–clotting (2) platelets–oxygen transport (3) lymphocytes–antibody production (4) red blood cells–bacteria destruction 4. An individual who has had chicken pox rarely gets this disease a ...
... 3. Which blood component is correctly paired with a process in which it is directly involved? (1) white blood cells–clotting (2) platelets–oxygen transport (3) lymphocytes–antibody production (4) red blood cells–bacteria destruction 4. An individual who has had chicken pox rarely gets this disease a ...
TCR
... Step 4. Lymphocytes exit the lymph nodes and spleen and become effector lymphocytes--they produce antibody (B cells) or become competent to kill (CD8+ T cells) ...
... Step 4. Lymphocytes exit the lymph nodes and spleen and become effector lymphocytes--they produce antibody (B cells) or become competent to kill (CD8+ T cells) ...
helper T cells
... produce interleukins such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5. These interleukins activate the B cell to produce antibodies specific for that antigen. The activated B cell proliferates and differentiates to form many plasma cells that secrete large amounts of immunoglobulins (antibodies). Althou ...
... produce interleukins such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5. These interleukins activate the B cell to produce antibodies specific for that antigen. The activated B cell proliferates and differentiates to form many plasma cells that secrete large amounts of immunoglobulins (antibodies). Althou ...
Symbiosis and Host Defenses
... – Natural- host forms antibodies naturally upon natural exposure to antigen – Artificial- host is artificially exposed to antigen i.e. immunization, vaccination • Passive-antibodies not made by host – Natural-Maternal antibodies – Artificial-antibodies from other source (horse, cow etc..), for examp ...
... – Natural- host forms antibodies naturally upon natural exposure to antigen – Artificial- host is artificially exposed to antigen i.e. immunization, vaccination • Passive-antibodies not made by host – Natural-Maternal antibodies – Artificial-antibodies from other source (horse, cow etc..), for examp ...
Describe how white blood cells defend the body against infection
... Recognise foreign antigen presented on MHC-2 on antigen presenting cells (macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, plasma cells), APCs travel through lymphatic system to nodes where antigen presentation takes place. Activated T-helper cells secrete cytokines to activate other lymphocytes - Cytotoxic ...
... Recognise foreign antigen presented on MHC-2 on antigen presenting cells (macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, plasma cells), APCs travel through lymphatic system to nodes where antigen presentation takes place. Activated T-helper cells secrete cytokines to activate other lymphocytes - Cytotoxic ...
Office hours
... Course Objectives: Upon completion of this course students will be expected to: •Describe the various cells and organs of the immune system, including the role of each during the immune response. •Compare and contrast innate and acquired immunity, including their specific components and effector mec ...
... Course Objectives: Upon completion of this course students will be expected to: •Describe the various cells and organs of the immune system, including the role of each during the immune response. •Compare and contrast innate and acquired immunity, including their specific components and effector mec ...
PowerPoint
... One of types of WBCs Central to adaptive immunity Antibody-mediated immunity Cell-mediated immunity ...
... One of types of WBCs Central to adaptive immunity Antibody-mediated immunity Cell-mediated immunity ...
Chapter 19
... The Body’s Defense System • homeostasis= includes regulating microbes • Lines of defense: • 1. physical barriers- block entry (skin) • 2. inflammation- increased blood flow • 3. immune system ...
... The Body’s Defense System • homeostasis= includes regulating microbes • Lines of defense: • 1. physical barriers- block entry (skin) • 2. inflammation- increased blood flow • 3. immune system ...
11.1 HL Immune System
... 11.1.1 Describe the process of blood clotting .Limit this to the release of clotting factors from platelets and damaged cells resulting in the formation of thrombin. Thrombin catalyses the conversion of soluble fibrinogen into the fibrous protein fibrin, which captures blood cells. 11.1.2 Outline th ...
... 11.1.1 Describe the process of blood clotting .Limit this to the release of clotting factors from platelets and damaged cells resulting in the formation of thrombin. Thrombin catalyses the conversion of soluble fibrinogen into the fibrous protein fibrin, which captures blood cells. 11.1.2 Outline th ...
The Immune System Second Edition
... to protect itself. Lives inside the cell in this vesicular system. Listeria monocytogenes - escapes from the phagosome to live in the cytoplasm (makes a virulence factor called lysteriolysin). Toxoplasma gondii – generates its own vesicle inside the cells that won’t fuse with the lysosome to protect ...
... to protect itself. Lives inside the cell in this vesicular system. Listeria monocytogenes - escapes from the phagosome to live in the cytoplasm (makes a virulence factor called lysteriolysin). Toxoplasma gondii – generates its own vesicle inside the cells that won’t fuse with the lysosome to protect ...
The Immune System - Holy Angels School
... • Macrophages help start the body’s immune response to antigens. • An antigen is a substance that stimulates a response by the immune system. • T cells can coordinate the body’s immune response and attack infected cells. • Helper T cells activate killer T cells, which attack infected body cells. • B ...
... • Macrophages help start the body’s immune response to antigens. • An antigen is a substance that stimulates a response by the immune system. • T cells can coordinate the body’s immune response and attack infected cells. • Helper T cells activate killer T cells, which attack infected body cells. • B ...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs of the Immune System
... Organs of the secondary lymphoid system are spleen, Adenoids, tonsils, peyer's patches of the gut, and appendix. The secondary lymphoid organs are where mature T and B cells have the opportunity to bind antigen and undergo further antigen dependent differentiation. The active immune response both ce ...
... Organs of the secondary lymphoid system are spleen, Adenoids, tonsils, peyer's patches of the gut, and appendix. The secondary lymphoid organs are where mature T and B cells have the opportunity to bind antigen and undergo further antigen dependent differentiation. The active immune response both ce ...
General Pathology: Acute Inflammation
... Costimulation, as with APCs B-cells become activated and produce more ...
... Costimulation, as with APCs B-cells become activated and produce more ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.